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Oryza

{{Short description|Genus of plants}}

{{distinguish|Erzya (disambiguation){{!}}Erzya}}

{{automatic taxobox

|image = Gealypic5.JPG

|display_parents = 3

|taxon = Oryza

|authority = L.

|type_species = Oryza sativa

|type_species_authority = L.lectotype designated by Duistermaat, Blumea 32: 174 (1987)

|synonyms_ref =

|synonyms =

  • Padia Moritzi
  • Porteresia Tateoka
  • Indoryza A.N.Henry & B.Roy

}}

Oryza is a genus of plants in the grass family.[https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/358352#page/345/mode/1up Linnaeus, Carl von. 1753. Species Plantarum 1: 333.] in Latin{{Cite web|url=http://www.tropicos.org/Name/40034327|title=Tropicos {{!}} Name – Oryza L.|website=www.tropicos.org|access-date=2016-09-14}} It includes the major food crop rice (species Oryza sativa and Oryza glaberrima). Members of the genus grow as tall, wetland grasses, growing to {{convert|1–2|m|ft|0}} tall; the genus includes both annual and perennial species.{{Cite web|url=http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=123313|title=Oryza in Flora of China @ efloras.org|website=www.efloras.org|access-date=2016-09-14}}

Oryza is situated in tribe Oryzeae, which is characterized morphologically by its single-flowered spikelets whose glumes are almost completely suppressed. In Oryza, two sterile lemma simulate glumes. The tribe Oryzeae is in subfamily Ehrhartoideae,{{cite journal|last=Kellogg|first=E.A.|author-link=Elizabeth Anne Kellogg|title=The Evolutionary History of Ehrhartoideae, Oryzeae, and Oryza|journal=Rice|date=30 January 2009|volume=2|issue=1 |pages=1–14|doi=10.1007/s12284-009-9022-2|doi-access=free|bibcode=2009Rice....2....1K }} a group of Poaceae tribes with certain features of internal leaf anatomy in common. The most distinctive leaf characteristics of this subfamily are the arm cells and fusoid cells found in their leaves.Heywood, V.H. Flowering Plants of the World 1993 Oxford University Press{{Verify source|date=May 2015|old reference for Bambusoideae; does this apply to Ehrhartoideae?}}

One species, Asian rice (O. sativa), provides 20% of global grain and is a food crop of major global importance. The species are divided into two subgroups within the genus.

Species

Inside the genus Oryza, species can be divided by their genomes types. They include the diploid (2n = 24) {{visible anchor|AA}} of cultivated rice and their relatives, {{visible anchor|BB}}, {{visible anchor|CC}}, {{visible anchor|EE}}, {{visible anchor|FF}} and {{visible anchor|GG}} as well as the tetraploid (4n = 48) {{visible anchor|BBCC}}, {{visible anchor|CCDD}}, {{visible anchor|HHJJ}}, {{visible anchor|HHKK}} and {{visible anchor|KKLL}}. Species of the same genome type cross easily, while hybridizing different types requires techniques like embryo rescue.{{cite journal |doi-access=free |last1=Stein |first1=Joshua C. |last2=Yu |first2=Yeisoo |last3=Copetti |first3=Dario |last4=Zwickl |first4=Derrick J. |last5=Zhang |first5=Li |last6=Zhang |first6=Chengjun |last7=Chougule |first7=Kapeel |last8=Gao |first8=Dongying |last9=Iwata |first9=Aiko |last10=Goicoechea |first10=Jose Luis |last11=Wei |first11=Sharon |last12=Wang |first12=Jun |last13=Liao |first13=Yi |last14=Wang |first14=Muhua |last15=Jacquemin |first15=Julie |last16=Becker |first16=Claude |last17=Kudrna |first17=Dave |last18=Zhang |first18=Jianwei |last19=Londono |first19=Carlos E. M. |last20=Song |first20=Xiang |last21=Lee |first21=Seunghee |last22=Sanchez |first22=Paul |last23=Zuccolo |first23=Andrea |last24=Ammiraju |first24=Jetty S. S. |last25=Talag |first25=Jayson |last26=Danowitz |first26=Ann |last27=Rivera |first27=Luis F. |last28=Gschwend |first28=Andrea R. |last29=Noutsos |first29=Christos |last30=Wu |first30=Cheng-chieh |last31=Kao |first31=Shu-min |last32=Zeng |first32=Jhih-wun |last33=Wei |first33=Fu-jin |last34=Zhao |first34=Qiang |last35=Feng |first35=Qi |last36=El Baidouri |first36=Moaine |last37=Carpentier |first37=Marie-Christine |last38=Lasserre |first38=Eric |last39=Cooke |first39=Richard |last40=Rosa Farias |first40=Daniel da |last41=da Maia |first41=Luciano Carlos |last42=dos Santos |first42=Railson S. |last43=Nyberg |first43=Kevin G. |last44=McNally |first44=Kenneth L. |last45=Mauleon |first45=Ramil |last46=Alexandrov |first46=Nickolai |last47=Schmutz |first47=Jeremy |last48=Flowers |first48=Dave |last49=Fan |first49=Chuanzhu |last50=Weigel |first50=Detlef |last51=Jena |first51=Kshirod K. |last52=Wicker |first52=Thomas |last53=Chen |first53=Mingsheng |last54=Han |first54=Bin |last55=Henry |first55=Robert |last56=Hsing |first56=Yue-ie C. |last57=Kurata |first57=Nori |last58=de Oliveira |first58=Antonio Costa |last59=Panaud |first59=Olivier |last60=Jackson |first60=Scott A. |last61=Machado |first61=Carlos A. |last62=Sanderson |first62=Michael J. |last63=Long |first63=Manyuan |last64=Ware |first64=Doreen |last65=Wing |first65=Rod A. |title=Genomes of 13 domesticated and wild rice relatives highlight genetic conservation, turnover and innovation across the genus Oryza |journal=Nature Genetics |date=22 January 2018 |volume=50 |issue=2 |pages=285–296 |doi=10.1038/s41588-018-0040-0|pmid=29358651 }}{{cite journal |last1=Ammi'Raju |first1=Jetty |last2=Song |first2=Xiang |last3=Luo |first3=Meizhong |last4=Sisneros |first4=Nicholas |last5=Angelova |first5=Angelina |last6=Kudrna |first6=David |last7=Kim |first7=Hyeran |last8=Yu |first8=Yeisoo |last9=Goicoechea |first9=Jose |last10=Lorieux |first10=Mathias |last11=Kurata |first11=Nori |last12=Brar |first12=Darshan |last13=Jackson |first13=Scott |last14=Wing |first14=Rod |title=The Oryza BAC resource: A genus-wide and genome scale tool for exploring rice genome evolution and leveraging useful genetic diversity from wild relatives |journal=Breeding Science |date=1 December 2010 |volume=60 |issue=5 |pages=536–543 |doi=10.1270/jsbbs.60.536 |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/228623562|doi-access=free }}

Over 300 names have been proposed for species, subspecies, and other infraspecific taxa within the genus. Published sources disagree as to how many of these should be recognized as distinct species. The following follows the World Checklist maintained by Kew Garden in London.{{Cite web|url=https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn%3Alsid%3Aipni.org%3Anames%3A18639-1|title=Plants of the World Online: Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew|website=apps.kew.org|access-date=27 September 2024}}

  1. Oryza australiensis {{Au|Domin}} (EE) – Australia
  2. Oryza barthii {{Au|A.Chev.}} (AA) – tropical Africa
  3. Oryza brachyantha {{Au|A.Chev. & Roehr.}} (FF) – tropical Africa
  4. Oryza coarctata {{Au|Roxb.}} (KKLL) – India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Myanmar
  5. Oryza eichingeri {{Au|Peter}} (CC) – tropical Africa, Sri Lanka
  6. Oryza glaberrima {{Au|Steud.}} (AA) – African rice – tropical Africa
  7. Oryza grandiglumis {{Au|(Döll) Prodoehl}} (CCDD) – Brazil, Venezuela, Fr Guiana, Colombia, Peru, Bolivia
  8. Oryza latifolia {{Au|Desv.}} (CCDD) – Latin America + West Indies from Sinaloa + Cuba to Argentina
  9. Oryza longiglumis {{Au|Jansen}} (HHJJ) – New Guinea
  10. Oryza longistaminata {{Au|A.Chev. & Roehr.}} (AA) – Madagascar, tropical + southern Africa
  11. Oryza meyeriana {{Au|(Zoll. & Moritzi) Baill.}} (GG) – China, Indian Subcontinent, Southeast Asia
  12. Oryza minuta {{Au|J.Presl}} (BBCC) – Himalayas, Southeast Asia, New Guinea, Northern Territory of Australia
  13. Oryza neocaledonica {{Au|Morat}} (GG) – New Caledonia
  14. Oryza officinalis {{Au|Wall. ex Watt}} (CC) – China, Indian Subcontinent, Southeast Asia, New Guinea, Australia
  15. Oryza punctata {{Au|Kotschy ex Steud.}} (BB) – Madagascar, tropical + southern Africa
  16. Oryza ridleyi {{Au|Hook.f.}} (HHJJ) – Southeast Asia, New Guinea
  17. Oryza rufipogon {{Au|Griff.}} (AA) – brownbeard or red rice – China, Indian Subcontinent, Southeast Asia, New Guinea, Australia
  18. Oryza sativa {{Au|L.}} (AA) – Asian rice – China, Indian Subcontinent, Japan, Southeast Asia; naturalized many places
  19. Oryza schlechteri {{Au|Pilg.}} (HHKK) – New Guinea

=Formerly included=

Many species are now{{vague|date=May 2023}} regarded as better suited to other genera:

See also

References

{{Reflist|30em}}

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Category:Poaceae genera

Category:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus