Osphranter

{{Short description|Genus of marsupials}}

{{Italic title}}

{{Automatic taxobox

| name = Osphranter{{MSW3 Diprotodontia|pages=63–66|id=11000242}}

| image = Red Kangaroo 001.jpg

| image_upright =

| image_caption = Red kangaroo

| taxon = Osphranter

| authority = Gould, 1842{{MSW3 Diprotodontia|pages=63–66|id=11000242}}

| type_species = Osphranter antilopinus{{cite web |url= https://biodiversity.org.au/afd/taxa/Osphranter|title= Genus Osphranter Gould, 1842|author= |date= 4 February 2023|website=Australian Biological Resources Study |publisher= Australian Government|access-date= 21 November 2023|quote=}}

| type_species_authority = Gould, 1842

| range_map =

| range_map_caption =

}}

Osphranter is a genus of large marsupials in the family Macropodidae, commonly known as kangaroos and wallaroos (among other species). It contains the largest extant marsupial, the red kangaroo (O. rufus).

In 2019, a reassessment of macropod taxonomy determined that Osphranter and Notamacropus, formerly considered subgenera of Macropus, should be moved to the genus level.{{cite journal |last1=Celik |first1=Mélina |last2=Cascini |first2=Manuela |last3=Haouchar |first3=Dalal |last4=Van Der Burg |first4=Chloe |last5=Dodt |first5=William |last6=Evans |first6=Alistair |last7=Prentis |first7=Peter |last8=Bunce |first8=Michael |last9=Fruciano |first9=Carmelo |last10=Phillips |first10=Matthew |date=28 March 2019 |title=A molecular and morphometric assessment of the systematics of the Macropus complex clarifies the tempo and mode of kangaroo evolution |url= https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article-abstract/186/3/793/5421215 |journal=Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society |volume=186 |issue=3 |pages=793–812 |doi=10.1093/zoolinnean/zlz005 |access-date=1 March 2020}} This change was accepted by the Australian Faunal Directory in 2020.{{cite web|title=Names List for MACROPODIDAE, Australian Faunal Directory|url=https://biodiversity.org.au/afd/taxa/MACROPODIDAE/names|publisher=Australian Biological Resources Study, Australian Department of the Environment and Energy|access-date=1 March 2020|date=13 February 2020}}

The genus has a fossil record that extends back at least into the Pliocene.{{Cite journal |last1=Price |first1=Gilbert J. |last2=Louys |first2=Julien |last3=Wilkinson |first3=Joanne E. |date=2023-05-25 |title=Geologically oldest evidence of 'lumpy jaw' (Macropod Progressive Periodontal Disease) in kangaroos of Australia: implications for conservation management |journal=Alcheringa: An Australasian Journal of Palaeontology |volume=47 |issue=4 |language=en |pages=543–550 |doi=10.1080/03115518.2023.2207624 |issn=0311-5518|doi-access=free |bibcode=2023Alch...47..543P }}