Ostap Vyshnya
{{Short description|Ukrainian writer and humourist}}
{{Family name hatnote|Mykhailovych|Gubenko|lang=Eastern Slavic}}
{{More citations needed|date=March 2022}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2024}}
{{Infobox writer
| name = Ostap Vyshnia
| native_name = Остап Вишня
| native_name_lang = uk
| image = Ostap vishnya.jpg
| imagesize = 200px
| caption =
| birth_name = Pavlo Mykhailovych Gubenko
| birth_date = {{birth date|1889|11|13|df=y}}
| birth_place = near Hrun, Russian Empire (now Ukraine)
| death_date = {{death date and age|1956|9|28|1889|11|13|df=y}}
| death_place = Kyiv, Soviet Union (now Ukraine)
| occupation = writer
| citizenship = Russian Empire, Soviet Union
| period = 1919-1956
| genre = humoresque, feuilleton
| subject =
| movement =
| signature =
}}
Pavlo Mykhailovych Gubenko{{Cite book |last=Vyshnia |first=Ostap |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ETusDwAAQBAJ&q=Ostap+Vyshnia |title=Hard Times |date=2018-06-05 |publisher=Glagoslav Publications |isbn=978-1-911414-80-3 |language=en}} ({{langx|uk|Павло Михайлович Губенко}}; {{OldStyleDate|13 November|1889|1 November}} – 28 September 1956), better known by the literary pseudonym of Ostap Vyshnia, was a Ukrainian writer, humourist, satirist, and medical official (feldsher). Nicknamed by critics as the Ukrainian Mark Twain and the Ukrainian Printing King; His fame was said to have competed in early Soviet Ukraine with only Taras Shevchenko and Vladimir Lenin.{{Cite book |last=Finnin |first=Rory |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RTRjEAAAQBAJ&dq=Ukraine's+mark+twain&pg=PT120 |title=Blood of Others: Stalin's Crimean Atrocity and the Poetics of Solidarity |date=2022-03-01 |publisher=University of Toronto Press |isbn=978-1-4875-3701-2 |language=en |quote=He was Ukraine's "Mark Twain," the "king of the Ukrainian print-run," whose fame, it was said, rivalled only two others in early Soviet Ukraine: Taras Shevchenko and Vladimir Lenin.}}
Early life
File:Вишня Остап (конверт).jpg
Pavlo Hubenko was born in a large peasant family of 17 children on 13 November 1889 in the khutir (farmstead) Chechva near the small town of Hrun, in Zinkiv uyezd, at the time in the Poltava Governorate of the Russian Empire. Today his place is in Sumy Oblast while Zinkiv is a city in Poltava Oblast, both in Ukraine. He studied in elementary school in Zinkiv, later enrolling into the Kyiv military-nursing school, which he finished in 1907.{{Cite book|title=Усі письменники і народна творчість: довідник|year=2008|publisher=Майстер-клас|location=Київ|pages=48–51|language=uk|isbn=978-966-471-096-8}} He worked as a nurse in the Army and then at the surgical department of the South Western Railway hospital. He finally managed to take the tests to enroll into the Kyiv University in 1917, but later (1919) dropped out of it and was fully overtaken by journalism and literary works. In 1919, he was captured by Bolsheviks while being in the Ukrainian Army and heavily sick of typhus. Remarkable is the fact that he also served as the chief of the medical-sanitary directorate of Ukrainian Ministry of Railways (Transport). Until 1921 he spent time in Kharkiv's prison till the complete end of the Civil War. During the times of Directorate of Ukraine he became known for his phrase: Inside the wagon - Directory, under the wagon - territory. In 1933, he was sentenced to ten years in a forced labour camp. Vyshnia was one of the few representatives of the Renaissance group who survived the execution.{{Cite book |last=Kowal |first=Pawel Mink, Georges Reichardt, Iwona Reichardt, Adam |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5DxUEAAAQBAJ&dq=Ostap+Vyshnya&pg=PA299 |title=Three Revolutions: Mobilization and Change in Contemporary Ukraine II |date=2019-11-30 |publisher=BoD – Books on Demand |isbn=978-3-8382-1323-1 |page=299 |language=en}}
Career and repression
Gubenko's first published work, Denikin's Democratic Reforms, appeared on 2 November 1919 in the newspaper Narodna Volia under the pen name P. Hrunsky.
Several satirical articles were also printed in this same newspaper by the young writer. His period of regular publication began in April 1921, when he became a journalist with the government newspaper News of the All-Ukrainian Central Executive Committee ({{langx|uk|Вісті ВУЦВК}}). The pen name Ostap Vyshnia first appeared in The Peasant Truth on 22 July 1921, in the feuilleton Odd Fellow, Really!.
In 1933, he was sent to the labour camps for ten years, imprisoned in various Gulag camps. He was able to return to his literary career only in 1943. He was rehabilitated in 1955.
File:Ostap Vyshnya.jpg|Ostap Vyshnya in 1928
File:Остап Вишня.jpg|Ostap Vyshnya in 1925
Death
Ostap Vyshnya died on 28 September 1956 in Kyiv. His funeral reportedly filled Khreshchatyk street.{{Cite book |last=Fowler |first=Mayhill C. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dM3hDgAAQBAJ&dq=Vyshnia%27s+funeral+in+1956+filled+the+streets+of+Kyiv%27s+central+street%2C+Khreshchatyk.&pg=PA99 |title=Beau Monde on Empire's Edge: State and Stage in Soviet Ukraine |date=2017-01-01 |publisher=University of Toronto Press |isbn=978-1-4875-0153-2 |language=en}} He is buried at the Baikove Cemetery.
Works
Hard Times (translation into English of best humour & satire spanning his whole career), published 1981, transl. by Yuri Tkacz, Bayda Books, Australia
See also
References
{{reflist}}
External links
- Yurkova, O.V. [http://resource.history.org.ua/cgi-bin/eiu/history.exe?&I21DBN=EIU&P21DBN=EIU&S21STN=1&S21REF=10&S21FMT=eiu_all&C21COM=S&S21CNR=20&S21P01=0&S21P02=0&S21P03=TRN=&S21COLORTERMS=0&S21STR=Vyshnia_O Ostap Vyshnia (ВИШНЯ Остап)]. Encyclopedia of History of Ukraine.
- Koshelivets, I. ''[http://encyclopediaofukraine.com/display.asp?linkpath=pages%5CV%5CY%5CVyshniaOstap.htm Vyshnia, Ostap]. Encyclopedia of Ukraine.
{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Vyshnya, Ostap}}
Category:Kiev Military Medical School alumni
Category:Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv alumni
Category:People from Sumy Oblast
Category:People from Poltava Governorate
Category:Ukrainian Gulag detainees
Category:Ukrainian People's Army personnel
Category:Burials at Baikove Cemetery