Outline of chocolate
What is chocolate?
- Chocolate – raw or processed food produced from the seed of the tropical Theobroma cacao tree.{{Cite web |date=9 January 1998 |title=Theobroma cacao |url=http://www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/duke_energy/theobroma_cacao.html |access-date=17 April 2013 |publisher=Hort.purdue.edu}} The seeds of the cacao tree have an intense bitter taste, and must be fermented to improve the flavour. Chocolate is a popular ingredient in confectionery items and candies.
=What <em>type</em> of thing is chocolate?=
Chocolate is a type of:
- Food – substance to provide nutritional support for the body, ingested by an organism and assimilated by the organism's cells in an effort to produce energy, maintain life, and/or stimulate growth.
- Confectionery – the set of food items that are rich in sugar, any one or type of which is called a confection. Modern usage may include substances rich in artificial sweeteners as well.
- Candy – confection made from a concentrated solution of sugar in water, to which flavourings and colourants are added. Candies come in numerous colours and varieties and have a long history in popular culture.
- Ingredient – substance that forms part of a mixture (in a general sense). For example, in cooking, recipes specify which ingredients are used to prepare a specific dish. Chocolate is often used as an ingredient in dessert items, such as cakes and cookies.
= What is chocolate made of? =
== Necessary ingredients ==
- {{Annotated link|Cocoa (processed cacao)}}
- {{annotated link|Cocoa bean|Cacao bean}}
- {{annotated link|Chocolate liquor|aka=chocolate mass}}
- {{annotated link|Cocoa butter}}
- {{annotated link|Cocoa solids}}
== Optional ingredients ==
- {{annotated link|Milk}}
- {{annotated link|Sugar}}
- {{annotated link|Vanilla}}
- {{Annotated link|Emulsion|Emulsifier}}
- {{annotated link|Lecithin}}
- {{Annotated link|Polyglycerol polyricinoleate}}
=== Substances found in cacao ===
- {{annotated link|Antioxidant|Antioxidants}}
- {{annotated link|Catechin}}
- {{annotated link|Flavonols}}
- {{annotated link|Caffeine}}
- Phenethylamine – psychoactive drug that is usually inactive when orally ingested because most of it is metabolized into phenylacetic acid by monoamine oxidase (MAO), preventing significant concentrations from reaching the brain{{Cite journal |vauthors=Yang HY, Neff NH |date=November 1973 |title=Beta-phenylethylamine: a specific substrate for type B monoamine oxidase of brain |journal=Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics |volume=187 |issue=2 |pages=365–71 |issn=0022-3565 |pmid=4748552}}{{Cite journal |vauthors=Suzuki O, Katsumata Y, Oya M |date=March 1981 |title=Oxidation of beta-phenylethylamine by both types of monoamine oxidase: examination of enzymes in brain and liver mitochondria of eight species |url=http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgi-bin/sis/search/r?dbs+hsdb:@term+@rn+64-04-0 |journal=Journal of Neurochemistry |volume=36 |issue=3 |pages=1298–301 |doi=10.1111/j.1471-4159.1981.tb01734.x |issn=0022-3042 |pmid=7205271|s2cid=36099388 }}
- Theobromine – also known as xantheose,{{Cite book |last=Malisoff |first=William Marias |title=Dictionary of Bio-Chemistry and Related Subjects |publisher=Philosophical Library |year=1943 |pages=311, 530, 573 |asin=B0006AQ0NU}} it contains no bromine{{Cite book |last1=Bennett |first1=Alan Weinberg |url=https://archive.org/details/worldofcaffeines00benn |title=The World of Caffeine: The Science and Culture of the World's Most Popular Drug |last2=Bonnie K. Bealer |publisher=Routledge, New York |year=2002 |isbn=0-415-92723-4 |url-access=registration}} and has a similar, but lesser, effect to caffeine
- Theophylline – methylxanthine drug found in tea leaves
=== Source of cocoa ===
- {{annotated link|Theobroma cacao|aka=Cacao tree}}
- {{annotated link|Types of cocoa beans}}
- {{annotated link|Child labour in cocoa production}}
- {{Annotated link|Environmental impact of cocoa production}}
- By country
- {{annotated link|Cocoa production in Ivory Coast|Cocoa production in Ivory Coast}}
- {{annotated link|Cocoa production in Ghana|Cocoa production in Ghana}}
- {{annotated link|Cocoa production in Nigeria|Cocoa production in Nigeria}}
- {{annotated link|Cocoa production in São Tomé and Príncipe|Cocoa production in São Tomé and Príncipe}}
- {{annotated link|Cocoa production in Sri Lanka|Cocoa production in Sri Lanka}}
Types
{{annotated link|Types of chocolate}}
- {{annotated link|Aerated chocolate}}
- {{annotated link|Baking chocolate}}
- {{annotated link|Bittersweet chocolate}}
- {{Annotated link|Cioccolato di Modica}}
- {{annotated link|Compound chocolate}}
- {{annotated link|Couverture chocolate|Couverture}}
- {{annotated link|Dark chocolate}}
- {{annotated link|Gianduja (chocolate)|Gianduja}}
- {{annotated link|Milk chocolate}}
- {{annotated link|Modeling chocolate}}
- {{annotated link|Organic chocolate}}
- {{annotated link|Raw chocolate}}
- {{annotated link|Ruby chocolate}}
- {{annotated link|White chocolate}}
- By country
- {{annotated link|Belgian chocolate}}
- {{annotated link|French chocolate}}
- {{annotated link|Swiss chocolate}}
Production methods
- {{annotated link|Broma process}}
- {{annotated link|Conching}}
- {{annotated link|Dutch process cocoa}}
- {{Annotated link|Enrober}}
- {{annotated link|Federal Specification for Candy and Chocolate Confections}}
- {{Annotated link|Sugar crust}}
- {{annotated link|Tempered chocolate}}
Producers and trade organizations
{{Annotated link|Chocolate industry}}
- {{annotated link|Chocolaterie}}
- {{annotated link|Chocolatier}}
- {{Annotated link|List of chocolatiers}}
- {{annotated link|Cocoa Processing Company|Cocoa Processing Company Limited}} – a Ghanaian cocoa processing company
- {{annotated link|International Cocoa Initiative}}
- {{annotated link|Kuapa Kokoo}} – a Ghanaian farmers' cooperative organisation
- {{annotated link|Bean-to-bar}}
- {{annotated link|List of bean-to-bar chocolate manufacturers}}
Brands
- {{annotated link|List of chocolate bar brands}}
- {{annotated link|Scho-Ka-Kola}} – a chocolate brand containing coffee and cola nut
Edibles
- Brand names:
- {{annotated link|Death by Chocolate}}
- {{annotated link|Candy}}
- {{annotated link|Chocolate bar}}
- {{annotated link|Chocolate-coated marshmallow treats}}
- {{annotated link|Chocolate-coated peanut}}
- {{annotated link|Chocolate-coated raisin}}
- Cereals
- {{annotated link|Cocoa Frosted Flakes}}
- {{annotated link|Cocoa Krispies}}
- {{annotated link|Cocoa Puffs}}
- {{annotated link|Cookie Crisp}}
- {{annotated link|List of breakfast cereals}}
- {{annotated link|Chocolate cake}}
- Chocolate {{annotated link|layer cake}}
- {{annotated link|Black Forest gateau}}
- Chocolate {{annotated link|soufflé|soufflé cake}}
- {{annotated link|Devil's food cake}}
- {{annotated link|Ding Dong}}
- {{annotated link|Flourless chocolate cake}}
- {{annotated link|Fudge cake}}
- {{annotated link|Garash cake}}
- {{annotated link|German chocolate cake}}
- {{annotated link|Joffre cake}}
- {{annotated link|Molten chocolate cake}}
- {{annotated link|Red velvet cake}}
- {{annotated link|Sachertorte}}
- {{annotated link|Wacky cake}}
- {{annotated link|Chocolate pudding}}
- {{annotated link|Chocolate spread}}
- {{annotated link|Chocolate syrup}}
- Chocolates –
- {{annotated link|Chocolate money}}
- {{annotated link|Mint chocolate}}
- {{annotated link|Confectionery}}
- {{annotated link|Choco pie}}
- {{annotated link|Chocolate crackles}}
- {{annotated link|Chocolate truffle}}
- {{annotated link|Rum ball}}
- {{annotated link|Cookie}}
- {{annotated link|Afghan (biscuit)|Afghan biscuit}}
- {{annotated link|Black and white cookie}}
- {{annotated link|Chocolate biscuit}}
- {{annotated link|Chocolate brownie}}
- {{annotated link|Chocolate chip}}
- {{annotated link|Chocolate chip cookie}}
- {{annotated link|List of cookies}}
- {{annotated link|Dessert}}
- {{annotated link|Chocolate salami}}
- {{annotated link|Molten chocolate cake}}
- {{annotated link|Mousse}}
- {{annotated link|Ice cream}}
- {{annotated link|Chocolate chip}}
- {{annotated link|Mint chocolate chip}}
= Drinks =
- {{annotated link|Cafe mocha}}
- {{annotated link|Chocolate milk}}
- {{annotated link|Banania}}
- {{annotated link|Nesquik}}
- {{annotated link|Swiss Miss}}
- {{annotated link|Yoo-hoo}}
- {{annotated link|Crème de cacao}}
- {{annotated link|Hot chocolate}}
- {{annotated link|List of chocolate beverages}}
History
- {{annotated link|History of chocolate}}
- {{annotated link|Chocolataire}}
Effects on health
- {{annotated link|Theobromine poisoning}}
Other articles
- {{annotated link|Chocolate agar}} – named for its colour, does not contain cocoa
- {{annotated link|Chocolate fountain}}
- {{annotated link|Chocolate spread}}
- {{Annotated link|Cocoa-free chocolate alternative}}
- Military chocolate
- {{annotated link|United States military chocolate}}
- {{Annotated link|Military chocolate (Switzerland)}}
References
{{reflist|2}}
External links
{{sister project links|Chocolate}}
- {{Cite EB1911|wstitle=Chocolate|volume=20|page=259}}
- The Food of the Gods A Popular Account of Cocoa – Freely downloadable book from Project Gutenberg
{{Chocolate}}
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