Oyonnax
{{short description|Commune in Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, France}}
{{Expand French|topic=geo|date=December 2008|Oyonnax}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2020}}
{{Infobox French commune
|name = Oyonnax
|commune status = Commune
|image = Hôtel ville Oyonnax 4.jpg
|caption = Oyonnax City Hall
|image coat of arms = Blason ville fr Oyonnax (Ain).svg
|image flag =
|arrondissement = Nantua
|canton = Oyonnax
|INSEE = 01283
|postal code = 01100
|demonym = Oyonnaxiens
|website = {{URL|https://www.oyonnax.fr|www.oyonnax.fr}}
|term = 2020–2026
|intercommunality = Haut-Bugey Agglomération
|coordinates = {{coord|46.2561|5.6556|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
|elevation m = 540
|elevation min m = 440
|elevation max m = 1082
|area km2 = 35.99
|population = {{France metadata Wikidata|population_total}}
|population date = {{France metadata Wikidata|population_as_of}}
|population footnotes = {{France metadata Wikidata|population_footnotes}}
}}
Oyonnax ({{IPA|fr|ɔjɔna|-|PrononcOyonnax.ogg}}) is the second most populated commune in the Ain department in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region in eastern France.
Oyonnax lies in a valley of the Jura Mountains in the far north of Ain. It is near the Parc naturel régional du Haut-Jura. The city is on the river Ange.
Its prominence in the plastics industry has earned it the name Plastics Valley.
One of the [http://www.cheminsdememoire.gouv.fr/en/11-november-1943 outstanding achievements of the French Résistance] occurred here on 11 November 1943, when the Maquis de l'Ain et du Haut-Jura defied the German occupiers to hold an 11 November parade and memorial service in honour of French soldiers from World War I.
The town was awarded the Médaille de la Résistance on 16 June 1947.[http://www.france-phaleristique.com/resist.htm Oyonnax décorée de la médaille de la Résistance, sur france-phaleristique.com] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130118030906/http://www.france-phaleristique.com/resist.htm |date=18 January 2013 }}
History
=Monopoly in wooden comb manufacture=
In 630, Clovis II, the son of Dagobert I king of the Franks, travelled to Geneva to meet the king of Burgundy. He met a young slave there, the daughter of a captured Saxon king, and wished to ask for her as his wife. So Dagobert I sent a delegation including Léger d'Autun to ask the king of Burgundy for her hand and bring her back to Paris.
Near Oyonnax, at a place called Sous-Nierme, the litter of Léger d'Autun broke and wounded the head of his escort. Inhabitants of Oyonnax cared for him and repaired the vehicle. The delegation set out again with gifts made by the inhabitants of Oyonnax. In recognition, Léger d'Autun, become a bishop and counselor to queen Bathilde, gave the town the privilege of manufacturing wooden combs. Saint-Léger also became the patron saint feast of Oyonnax.
=Development=
Belonging in the Middle Ages to the lords of Thoire, Oyonnax was then no more than an agricultural village for centuries. (It had 52 inhabitants in 1601).
The first development began starting in the 17th century, thanks to its artisans: woodworking and carved horn. The second came with the industrial revolution in the 19th century: Oyonnax became an industrial town, with businesses that sold their goods all over Europe. The railway arrived in 1885.
Transport
The town is served by the A404 autoroute.
Oyonnax railway station is located on the railway line between Montréal-la-Cluse and Andelot-en-Montagne, and is served by trains towards Bourg-en-Bresse.
Tourism
The town has a cultural centre, including cinemas, concert halls, and a "Museum of the Comb and of the Plastics Industry". Tourist activities include hiking, canoeing and cross-country skiing among the forests, hills and lakes of the area.
Sport
The city has a rugby union team, Oyonnax Rugby, that has been promoted to the Division 1 Top 14 in 2013, 2017 and again in 2023. The team plays at the Stade Charles-Mathon.
Demographics
{{Historical populations
| align = none
| cols = 2
| percentages = pagr
| source = EHESS{{Cassini-Ehess|25988|Oyonnax}} and INSEE (1968–2017)[https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/4515315?geo=COM-01283#ancre-POP_T1 Population en historique depuis 1968] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220924140932/https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/4515315?geo=COM-01283#ancre-POP_T1 |date=24 September 2022 }}, INSEE.
| graph-pos = bottom
|1793 |1099
|1800 |1178
|1806 |1275
|1821 |1207
|1831 |1974
|1836 |2279
|1841 |2593
|1846 |2608
|1851 |3245
|1856 |3342
|1861 |3501
|1866 |3547
|1872 |3272
|1876 |3530
|1881 |3847
|1886 |4231
|1891 |4461
|1896 |4652
|1901 |6140
|1906 |7851
|1911 |9557
|1921 |10083
|1926 |11617
|1931 |11336
|1936 |10166
|1946 |10156
|1954 |11773
|1962 |14830
|1968 |19777
|1975 |23007
|1982 |22739
|1990 |23869
|1999 |24162
|2007 |23490
|2012 |22436
|2017 |22427
}}
Twin towns – sister cities
File:Panneau de jumelage à Oyonnax (Eislingen, Fils).JPG
{{Main|List of twin towns and sister cities in France}}
Oyonnax is twinned with Eislingen/Fils, Germany{{Cite news|url=https://www.leprogres.fr/ain/2017/03/08/une-grande-fete-de-la-biere-aura-lieu-samedi-25-mars-a-valexpo|title=Une grande Fête de la bière aura lieu samedi 25 mars, à Valexpo|access-date=2018-10-07|language=fr|quote=Le jumelage d’Oyonnax avec la ville allemande d’Eislingen, qui organise déjà de son côté une Fête de la bière, tous les deux ans, en juillet, permettra de nouveaux échanges|archive-date=7 October 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181007224132/https://www.leprogres.fr/ain/2017/03/08/une-grande-fete-de-la-biere-aura-lieu-samedi-25-mars-a-valexpo|url-status=live}} since 2001.
Personalities
- Éric Barone (1960-), sportsman, beat the world speed record descending on a bicycle, both on snow and soil.
- Léger-Félicité Sonthonax (1763–1813), politician and abolitionist during the French Revolution
- Paul Collomb (1921-6 October 2010), painter
- Rami Hirbli (1952-2012) Plastics expert
Climate
{{Weather box|width=auto
|metric first=y
|single line=y
|collapsed = Y
|location = Oyonnax/Arbent, elevation {{convert|534|m|ft|abbr=on}}, (2004–2020 normals, extremes 2004–present)
|Jan record high C = 17.7
|Feb record high C = 22.1
|Mar record high C = 25.1
|Apr record high C = 28.0
|May record high C = 32.6
|Jun record high C = 37.1
|Jul record high C = 39.2
|Aug record high C = 38.0
|Sep record high C = 33.1
|Oct record high C = 29.1
|Nov record high C = 23.9
|Dec record high C = 18.7
|Jan record low C = -19.5
|Feb record low C = -24.1
|Mar record low C = -23.9
|Apr record low C = -10.0
|May record low C = -4.9
|Jun record low C = -0.6
|Jul record low C = 2.6
|Aug record low C = 2.6
|Sep record low C = -1.8
|Oct record low C = -6.7
|Nov record low C = -14.8
|Dec record low C = -23.4
|Jan high C = 6.1
|Feb high C = 7.5
|Mar high C = 12.0
|Apr high C = 16.7
|May high C = 19.6
|Jun high C = 24.0
|Jul high C = 26.3
|Aug high C = 25.3
|Sep high C = 21.9
|Oct high C = 17.3
|Nov high C = 11.0
|Dec high C = 6.7
| year high C = 16.2
|Jan mean C = 1.6
|Feb mean C = 2.0
|Mar mean C = 5.5
|Apr mean C = 9.5
|May mean C = 12.9
|Jun mean C = 17.0
|Jul mean C = 18.9
|Aug mean C = 18.1
|Sep mean C = 15.0
|Oct mean C = 11.4
|Nov mean C = 5.9
|Dec mean C = 2.1
| year mean C = 10.0
|Jan low C = -2.9
|Feb low C = -3.5
|Mar low C = -0.9
|Apr low C = 2.3
|May low C = 6.2
|Jun low C = 9.9
|Jul low C = 11.5
|Aug low C = 10.9
|Sep low C = 8.0
|Oct low C = 5.5
|Nov low C = 0.9
|Dec low C = -2.5
| year low C = 3.8
|precipitation colour = green
|Jan precipitation mm = 129.0
|Feb precipitation mm = 114.0
|Mar precipitation mm = 126.7
|Apr precipitation mm = 112.8
|May precipitation mm = 138.4
|Jun precipitation mm = 113.9
|Jul precipitation mm = 116.5
|Aug precipitation mm = 123.6
|Sep precipitation mm = 98.6
|Oct precipitation mm = 129.8
|Nov precipitation mm = 133.7
|Dec precipitation mm = 158.5
|year precipitation mm = 1495.5
|unit precipitation days = 1.0 mm
| Jan precipitation days = 13.0
| Feb precipitation days = 11.4
| Mar precipitation days = 12.5
| Apr precipitation days = 10.2
| May precipitation days = 13.4
| Jun precipitation days = 11.1
| Jul precipitation days = 9.5
| Aug precipitation days = 10.4
| Sep precipitation days = 9.0
| Oct precipitation days = 11.3
| Nov precipitation days = 12.2
| Dec precipitation days = 14.3
| year precipitation days =138.3
|source 1 = Meteociel{{cite web
|url=https://www.meteociel.fr/obs/clim/normales_records.php?code=1014002
|title=Normales et records pour Arbent (01)
|publisher=Meteociel
|access-date=14 December 2024}}}}
See also
References
{{reflist}}
External links
{{Commons category|Oyonnax}}
- [http://www.oyonnax.fr/ Official website] (in French)
- [http://www.tourisme-oyonnax.com/ Oyonnax tourist office] (in French)
- [https://web.archive.org/web/20051013001806/http://cc-oyonnax.fr/ Communauté de communes d'Oyonnax website]
- [http://www.trekearth.com/gallery/Europe/France/South/Rhone_Alpes/Oyonnax/ 'Photos of Oyonnax']
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{{Ain communes}}
{{Authority control}}
Category:Ain communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia