Pünte
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File:Puente Wiltshausen.JPG near Leer in East Frisia]]
A pünte (plural: pünten) is the German term for a type of non-motorised river boat and thus a special type of flat-bottomed boat. It is propelled manually using a crank or hauled by horses on the shore. Today pünten are used almost exclusively as ferries.
History
Pünten were built from wood. They had a flat bottom and the sides sloped only slight outwards. Pünten were often fitted with a sail, although this was usually insufficient for propulsion, so that the boat was mostly hauled as well. A horse was transported on board for this purpose, which had to be put ashore when the boat came to stretches of river that required the boat to be hauled.Marlene Schepers: [http://www.hschepers.de/download/H.%20Schepers%20Kapit%C3%A4n%20und%20Reeder.pdf Von der Pünte zum Containerschiff] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150713114725/http://hschepers.de/download/H.%20Schepers%20Kapit%C3%A4n%20und%20Reeder.pdf |date=2015-07-13 }} (pdf; 11.9 MB), Reederei H. Schepers
''Pünten'' today
After centuries of decline, several pünten are again in operation in Germany in East Frisia and the Emsland. For example the Leher Pünte, the only sail-driven ferry over the navigable Ems, crosses the river near Lehe[http://touristikverein-samtgemeinde-doerpen.de/sehensw%C3%BCrdigkeiten/leher-p%C3%BCnte/ Leher Pünte] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110220205004/http://touristikverein-samtgemeinde-doerpen.de/sehensw%C3%BCrdigkeiten/leher-p%C3%BCnte/ |date=2011-02-20 }}, Touristikverein der Samtgemeinde Dörpen e. V. and, near the Großes Meer in the East Frisian municipality of Südbrookmerland pünten are used at two points along a cycleway.[http://www.projekt-grosses-meer.de/rahmen.php?hid=3&nid=35&id3=354 Mit der Pünte über das Marscher Tief]{{webarchive|url=http://web.archive.org/web/20201027182617/http://www.projekt-grosses-meer.de/rahmen.php?hid=3&nid=35&id3=354 |date=2020-10-27 }}, 3-Meere-Weg, Projekt Großes Meer.
The oldest operational hand-operated ferry in Central Europe is the pünte in Wiltshausen, which crosses the Jümme at its confluence with the Leda.