PAWR

The tumor suppressor WT1 represses and activates transcription. The protein encoded by this gene is a WT1-interacting protein that itself functions as a transcriptional repressor. It contains a putative leucine zipper domain which interacts with the zinc finger DNA binding domain of WT1. This protein is specifically upregulated during apoptosis of prostate cells.{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: PAWR PRKC, apoptosis, WT1, regulator| url = https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=5074}}

The active domain of the Par-4 protein has been found to confer cancer resistance in transgenic mice without compromising normal viability or aging, and may have therapeutic significance.{{cite journal | vauthors = Zhao Y, Burikhanov R, Qiu S, Lele SM, Jennings CD, Bondada S, Spear B, Rangnekar VM | title = Cancer resistance in transgenic mice expressing the SAC module of Par-4 | journal = Cancer Research | volume = 67 | issue = 19 | pages = 9276–85 | date = Oct 2007 | pmid = 17909035 | doi = 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-07-2124 | doi-access = free }}

PAWR has been shown to interact with:

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• Protein AATF,{{cite journal | vauthors = Guo Q, Xie J | title = AATF inhibits aberrant production of amyloid beta peptide 1-42 by interacting directly with Par-4 | journal = The Journal of Biological Chemistry | volume = 279 | issue = 6 | pages = 4596–603 | date = Feb 2004 | pmid = 14627703 | doi = 10.1074/jbc.M309811200 | doi-access = free }}
• DAPK3,{{cite journal | vauthors = Kawai T, Akira S, Reed JC | title = ZIP kinase triggers apoptosis from nuclear PML oncogenic domains | journal = Molecular and Cellular Biology | volume = 23 | issue = 17 | pages = 6174–86 | date = Sep 2003 | pmid = 12917339 | pmc = 180930 | doi = 10.1128/mcb.23.17.6174-6186.2003}}
• Protein kinase Mζ,{{cite journal | vauthors = Díaz-Meco MT, Municio MM, Frutos S, Sanchez P, Lozano J, Sanz L, Moscat J | title = The product of par-4, a gene induced during apoptosis, interacts selectively with the atypical isoforms of protein kinase C | journal = Cell | volume = 86 | issue = 5 | pages = 777–86 | date = Sep 1996 | pmid = 8797824 | doi = 10.1016/s0092-8674(00)80152-x| s2cid = 15675524 | doi-access = free }}
• SLC5A1,{{cite journal | vauthors = Xie J, Guo Q | title = Par-4 inhibits choline uptake by interacting with CHT1 and reducing its incorporation on the plasma membrane | journal = The Journal of Biological Chemistry | volume = 279 | issue = 27 | pages = 28266–75 | date = Jul 2004 | pmid = 15090548 | doi = 10.1074/jbc.M401495200 | doi-access = free }}
• THAP1,{{cite journal | vauthors = Roussigne M, Cayrol C, Clouaire T, Amalric F, Girard JP | title = THAP1 is a nuclear proapoptotic factor that links prostate-apoptosis-response-4 (Par-4) to PML nuclear bodies | journal = Oncogene | volume = 22 | issue = 16 | pages = 2432–42 | date = Apr 2003 | pmid = 12717420 | doi = 10.1038/sj.onc.1206271 | s2cid = 25237333 | doi-access = }} and
• WT1.{{cite journal | vauthors = Johnstone RW, See RH, Sells SF, Wang J, Muthukkumar S, Englert C, Haber DA, Licht JD, Sugrue SP, Roberts T, Rangnekar VM, Shi Y | title = A novel repressor, par-4, modulates transcription and growth suppression functions of the Wilms' tumor suppressor WT1 | journal = Molecular and Cellular Biology | volume = 16 | issue = 12 | pages = 6945–56 | date = Dec 1996 | pmid = 8943350 | pmc = 231698 | doi = 10.1128/mcb.16.12.6945}}

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• {{cite journal | vauthors = El-Guendy N, Rangnekar VM | title = Apoptosis by Par-4 in cancer and neurodegenerative diseases | journal = Experimental Cell Research | volume = 283 | issue = 1 | pages = 51–66 | date = Feb 2003 | pmid = 12565819 | doi = 10.1016/S0014-4827(02)00016-2 }}
• {{cite journal | vauthors = Bieberich E, MacKinnon S, Silva J, Noggle S, Condie BG | title = Regulation of cell death in mitotic neural progenitor cells by asymmetric distribution of prostate apoptosis response 4 (PAR-4) and simultaneous elevation of endogenous ceramide | journal = The Journal of Cell Biology | volume = 162 | issue = 3 | pages = 469–79 | date = Aug 2003 | pmid = 12885759 | pmc = 2172704 | doi = 10.1083/jcb.200212067 }}
• {{cite journal | vauthors = Gurumurthy S, Rangnekar VM | title = Par-4 inducible apoptosis in prostate cancer cells | journal = Journal of Cellular Biochemistry | volume = 91 | issue = 3 | pages = 504–12 | date = Feb 2004 | pmid = 14755681 | doi = 10.1002/jcb.20000 | s2cid = 31578703 }}
• {{cite journal | vauthors = Ranganathan P, Rangnekar VM | title = Regulation of cancer cell survival by Par-4 | journal = Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences | volume = 1059 | pages = 76–85 | date = Nov 2005 | issue = 1 | pmid = 16382046 | doi = 10.1196/annals.1339.046 | bibcode = 2005NYASA1059...76R | s2cid = 26538481 }}
• {{cite journal | vauthors = Díaz-Meco MT, Municio MM, Frutos S, Sanchez P, Lozano J, Sanz L, Moscat J | title = The product of par-4, a gene induced during apoptosis, interacts selectively with the atypical isoforms of protein kinase C | journal = Cell | volume = 86 | issue = 5 | pages = 777–86 | date = Sep 1996 | pmid = 8797824 | doi = 10.1016/S0092-8674(00)80152-X | s2cid = 15675524 | doi-access = free }}
• {{cite journal | vauthors = Bonaldo MF, Lennon G, Soares MB | title = Normalization and subtraction: two approaches to facilitate gene discovery | journal = Genome Research | volume = 6 | issue = 9 | pages = 791–806 | date = Sep 1996 | pmid = 8889548 | doi = 10.1101/gr.6.9.791 | doi-access = free }}
• {{cite journal | vauthors = Johnstone RW, See RH, Sells SF, Wang J, Muthukkumar S, Englert C, Haber DA, Licht JD, Sugrue SP, Roberts T, Rangnekar VM, Shi Y | title = A novel repressor, par-4, modulates transcription and growth suppression functions of the Wilms' tumor suppressor WT1 | journal = Molecular and Cellular Biology | volume = 16 | issue = 12 | pages = 6945–56 | date = Dec 1996 | pmid = 8943350 | pmc = 231698 | doi = 10.1128/mcb.16.12.6945}}
• {{cite journal | vauthors = Guo Q, Fu W, Xie J, Luo H, Sells SF, Geddes JW, Bondada V, Rangnekar VM, Mattson MP | title = Par-4 is a mediator of neuronal degeneration associated with the pathogenesis of Alzheimer disease | journal = Nature Medicine | volume = 4 | issue = 8 | pages = 957–62 | date = Aug 1998 | pmid = 9701251 | doi = 10.1038/nm0898-957 | s2cid = 1621858 }}
• {{cite journal | vauthors = Johnstone RW, Tommerup N, Hansen C, Vissing H, Shi Y | title = Mapping of the human PAWR (par-4) gene to chromosome 12q21 | journal = Genomics | volume = 53 | issue = 2 | pages = 241–3 | date = Oct 1998 | pmid = 9790775 | doi = 10.1006/geno.1998.5494 }}
• {{cite journal | vauthors = Kruman II, Nath A, Maragos WF, Chan SL, Jones M, Rangnekar VM, Jakel RJ, Mattson MP | title = Evidence that Par-4 participates in the pathogenesis of HIV encephalitis | journal = The American Journal of Pathology | volume = 155 | issue = 1 | pages = 39–46 | date = Jul 1999 | pmid = 10393834 | pmc = 1866661 | doi = 10.1016/s0002-9440(10)65096-1 }}
• {{cite journal | vauthors = Guo Q, Xie J, Chang X, Du H | title = Prostate apoptosis response-4 enhances secretion of amyloid beta peptide 1-42 in human neuroblastoma IMR-32 cells by a caspase-dependent pathway | journal = The Journal of Biological Chemistry | volume = 276 | issue = 19 | pages = 16040–4 | date = May 2001 | pmid = 11278808 | doi = 10.1074/jbc.M010996200 | doi-access = free }}
• {{cite journal | vauthors = Chakraborty M, Qiu SG, Vasudevan KM, Rangnekar VM | title = Par-4 drives trafficking and activation of Fas and Fasl to induce prostate cancer cell apoptosis and tumor regression | journal = Cancer Research | volume = 61 | issue = 19 | pages = 7255–63 | date = Oct 2001 | pmid = 11585763 }}
• {{cite journal | vauthors = Chang S, Kim JH, Shin J | title = p62 forms a ternary complex with PKCzeta and PAR-4 and antagonizes PAR-4-induced PKCzeta inhibition | journal = FEBS Letters | volume = 510 | issue = 1–2 | pages = 57–61 | date = Jan 2002 | pmid = 11755531 | doi = 10.1016/S0014-5793(01)03224-0 | s2cid = 85579338 }}
• {{cite journal | vauthors = Ohki R, Yamamoto K, Mano H, Lee RT, Ikeda U, Shimada K | title = Identification of mechanically induced genes in human monocytic cells by DNA microarrays | journal = Journal of Hypertension | volume = 20 | issue = 4 | pages = 685–91 | date = Apr 2002 | pmid = 11910304 | doi = 10.1097/00004872-200204000-00026 | s2cid = 34968458 }}
• {{cite journal | vauthors = Hsu SC, Kirschenbaum F, Miller J, Cordell B, McCarthy JV | title = Structural and functional characterization of the upstream regulatory region of the human gene encoding prostate apoptosis response factor-4 | journal = Gene | volume = 295 | issue = 1 | pages = 109–16 | date = Jul 2002 | pmid = 12242017 | doi = 10.1016/S0378-1119(02)00826-0 }}
• {{cite journal | vauthors = Cheema SK, Mishra SK, Rangnekar VM, Tari AM, Kumar R, Lopez-Berestein G | title = Par-4 transcriptionally regulates Bcl-2 through a WT1-binding site on the bcl-2 promoter | journal = The Journal of Biological Chemistry | volume = 278 | issue = 22 | pages = 19995–20005 | date = May 2003 | pmid = 12644474 | doi = 10.1074/jbc.M205865200 | doi-access = free }}
• {{cite journal | vauthors = Boehrer S, Chow KU, Ruthardt M, Hoelzer D, Mitrou PS, Weidmann E | title = Expression and function of prostate-apoptosis-response-gene-4 in lymphatic cells | journal = Leukemia & Lymphoma | volume = 43 | issue = 9 | pages = 1737–41 | date = Sep 2002 | pmid = 12685825 | doi = 10.1080/1042819021000006510 | s2cid = 45232765 }}
• {{cite journal | vauthors = Roussigne M, Cayrol C, Clouaire T, Amalric F, Girard JP | title = THAP1 is a nuclear proapoptotic factor that links prostate-apoptosis-response-4 (Par-4) to PML nuclear bodies | journal = Oncogene | volume = 22 | issue = 16 | pages = 2432–42 | date = Apr 2003 | pmid = 12717420 | doi = 10.1038/sj.onc.1206271 | s2cid = 25237333 | doi-access = }}
• {{cite journal | vauthors = El-Guendy N, Zhao Y, Gurumurthy S, Burikhanov R, Rangnekar VM | title = Identification of a unique core domain of par-4 sufficient for selective apoptosis induction in cancer cells | journal = Molecular and Cellular Biology | volume = 23 | issue = 16 | pages = 5516–25 | date = Aug 2003 | pmid = 12897127 | pmc = 166354 | doi = 10.1128/MCB.23.16.5516-5525.2003 }}

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Category:Anticancer genes