PC1 cipher#Successors
{{About|the PC1 cipher used in the Kindle|the permuted choice used in the DES cipher|DES supplementary material#Permuted choice 1 (PC-1)}}
The PC1 cipher, also called the Kindle cipher or Pukall cipher 1, is a block cipher introduced in 1991. It is most prominently used by Amazon, Inc., for their Kindle e-book reader's DRM system.
Gregor Leander.
[http://summerschool-croatia14.cs.ru.nl/slides/Lightweight%20Block%20Cipher%20Design.pdf "Lightweight Block Cipher Design].
2014.
History
The PC1 cipher was designed by Alexander Pukall in 1991.
Alex Biryukov, Gaëtan Leurent, Arnab Roy.
'Cryptanalysis of the “Kindle” Cipher'.
[https://www.di.ens.fr/~leurent/files/Kindle_SAC12_slides.pdf]
[https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-642-35999-6_7]
[http://orbilu.uni.lu/handle/10993/17072]
2012.
Lars R. Knudsen, Huapeng Wu.
[https://books.google.com/books?id=IEa7BQAAQBAJ "Selected Areas in Cryptography"]
2012.
p. 86.
Successors
Caracachs Cipher formerly known as PC3 Cipher was released in 2000.{{cite web |url=http://alexpukall.github.io/pc3/caracachs.txt |website=Alexander Pukall Web Page |year=2000 |title=PC3 encryption cipher}} This algorithm was used by the North Korean hacker group Lazarus Group. {{cite web |url=https://www.usna.edu/CyberCenter/_files/documents/Operation-Blockbuster-Report.pdf|website=United States Naval Academy|year=2018 |title=Operation Blockbuster (page 28)}}
PC4 was released in 2015. It's a block cipher specifically designed for DMR radio communication systems. It uses 253 rounds and the key size can vary from 8 bits to 2112 bits. The block size is 49 bits, the exact size of an AMBE+ DMR voiceframe. {{cite web |url=http://alexpukall.github.io/pc4/pc4.txt |website=Alexander Pukall Web Page |year=2015 |title=PC4 DMR encryption cipher}}
References
{{Reflist}}
External links
- [http://alexpukall.github.io/pc1/index.html The PC1 Encryption Algorithm]
Category:Digital rights management
{{Cryptography-stub}}