PIEZO2

{{See also|Mechanosensitive channels|Somatosensory system}}

Piezos are large transmembrane proteins conserved among various species, all having between 24 and 36 predicted transmembrane domains. 'Piezo' comes from the Greek 'piesi,' meaning 'pressure.' The PIEZO2 protein has a role in rapidly adapting mechanically activated (MA) currents in somatosensory neurons.{{cite journal | vauthors = Coste B, Mathur J, Schmidt M, Earley TJ, Ranade S, Petrus MJ, Dubin AE, Patapoutian A | title = Piezo1 and Piezo2 are essential components of distinct mechanically activated cation channels | journal = Science | volume = 330 | issue = 6000 | pages = 55–60 | date = October 2010 | pmid = 20813920 | pmc = 3062430 | doi = 10.1126/science.1193270 | bibcode = 2010Sci...330...55C }} Its structure is resolved via a mouse version in 2019, showing the predicted homotrimeric propeller.{{cite journal | vauthors = Wang L, Zhou H, Zhang M, Liu W, Deng T, Zhao Q, Li Y, Lei J, Li X, Xiao B | title = Structure and mechanogating of the mammalian tactile channel PIEZO2 | journal = Nature | volume = 573 | issue = 7773 | pages = 225–229 | date = September 2019 | pmid = 31435011 | doi = 10.1038/s41586-019-1505-8 | bibcode = 2019Natur.573..225W | s2cid = 201116189 }}

PIEZO2 is typically found in cell types that respond to physical touch, such as Merkel cells,{{cite journal | vauthors = Wu J, Lewis AH, Grandl J | title = Touch, Tension, and Transduction - The Function and Regulation of Piezo Ion Channels | journal = Trends in Biochemical Sciences | volume = 42 | issue = 1 | pages = 57–71 | date = January 2017 | pmid = 27743844 | doi = 10.1016/j.tibs.2016.09.004 | url= | pmc = 5407468 }} and is thought to regulate light touch response.{{cite journal | vauthors = Faucherre A, Nargeot J, Mangoni ME, Jopling C | title = piezo2b regulates vertebrate light touch response | journal = The Journal of Neuroscience | volume = 33 | issue = 43 | pages = 17089–94 | date = October 2013 | pmid = 24155313 | doi = 10.1523/jneurosci.0522-13.2013 | pmc = 6618434 | doi-access = free }}

• Gain-of-function mutations in the mechanically activated ion channel PIEZO2 cause a subtype of Distal Arthrogryposis.{{cite journal | vauthors = Coste B, Houge G, Murray MF, Stitziel N, Bandell M, Giovanni MA, Philippakis A, Hoischen A, Riemer G, Steen U, Steen VM, Mathur J, Cox J, Lebo M, Rehm H, Weiss ST, Wood JN, Maas RL, Sunyaev SR, Patapoutian A | title = Gain-of-function mutations in the mechanically activated ion channel PIEZO2 cause a subtype of Distal Arthrogryposis | journal = Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America | volume = 110 | issue = 12 | pages = 4667–72 | date = March 2013 | pmid = 23487782 | pmc = 3607045 | doi = 10.1073/pnas.1221400110 | bibcode = 2013PNAS..110.4667C | doi-access = free }}
• Mice without PIEZO2 in their proprioceptive neurons show uncoordinated body movements, indicating that PIEZO2 plays a role in mammalian proprioception.{{cite journal | vauthors = Woo SH, Lukacs V, de Nooij JC, Zaytseva D, Criddle CR, Francisco A, Jessell TM, Wilkinson KA, Patapoutian A | title = Piezo2 is the principal mechanotransduction channel for proprioception | journal = Nature Neuroscience | volume = 18 | issue = 12 | pages = 1756–62 | date = December 2015 | pmid = 26551544 | doi = 10.1038/nn.4162 | url= | pmc = 4661126 }}
• PIEZO2 mutations link Gordon syndrome (distal arthrogryposis type 3), Marden-Walker syndrome and Arthrogryposis (Distal Arthrogryposis Type 5).{{cite journal | vauthors = McMillin MJ, Beck AE, Chong JX, Shively KM, Buckingham KJ, Gildersleeve HI, Aracena MI, Aylsworth AS, Bitoun P, Carey JC, Clericuzio CL, Crow YJ, Curry CJ, Devriendt K, Everman DB, Fryer A, Gibson K, Giovannucci Uzielli ML, Graham JM, Hall JG, Hecht JT, Heidenreich RA, Hurst JA, Irani S, Krapels IP, Leroy JG, Mowat D, Plant GT, Robertson SP, Schorry EK, Scott RH, Seaver LH, Sherr E, Splitt M, Stewart H, Stumpel C, Temel SG, Weaver DD, Whiteford M, Williams MS, Tabor HK, Smith JD, Shendure J, Nickerson DA, Bamshad MJ | title = Mutations in PIEZO2 cause Gordon syndrome, Marden-Walker syndrome, and distal arthrogryposis type 5 | journal = American Journal of Human Genetics | volume = 94 | issue = 5 | pages = 734–44 | date = May 2014 | pmid = 24726473 | pmc = 4067551 | doi = 10.1016/j.ajhg.2014.03.015 }}

• PIEZO1

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• {{cite journal | vauthors = Coste B, Houge G, Murray MF, Stitziel N, Bandell M, Giovanni MA, Philippakis A, Hoischen A, Riemer G, Steen U, Steen VM, Mathur J, Cox J, Lebo M, Rehm H, Weiss ST, Wood JN, Maas RL, Sunyaev SR, Patapoutian A | title = Gain-of-function mutations in the mechanically activated ion channel PIEZO2 cause a subtype of Distal Arthrogryposis | journal = Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America | volume = 110 | issue = 12 | pages = 4667–72 | date = March 2013 | pmid = 23487782 | pmc = 3607045 | doi = 10.1073/pnas.1221400110 | bibcode = 2013PNAS..110.4667C | doi-access = free }}
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• {{cite journal | vauthors = Xiao R, Xu XZ | title = Mechanosensitive channels: in touch with Piezo | journal = Current Biology | volume = 20 | issue = 21 | pages = R936-8 | date = November 2010 | pmid = 21056836 | pmc = 3018681 | doi = 10.1016/j.cub.2010.09.053 | bibcode = 2010CBio...20.R936X }}
• {{cite journal | vauthors = Coste B | title = [Feeling the pressure? Identification of two proteins activated by mechanical forces] | journal = Médecine/Sciences | volume = 27 | issue = 1 | pages = 17–9 | date = January 2011 | pmid = 21299953 | doi = 10.1051/medsci/201127117 | doi-access = free }}
• {{cite journal | vauthors = Dubin AE, Schmidt M, Mathur J, Petrus MJ, Xiao B, Coste B, Patapoutian A | title = Inflammatory signals enhance piezo2-mediated mechanosensitive currents | journal = Cell Reports | volume = 2 | issue = 3 | pages = 511–7 | date = September 2012 | pmid = 22921401 | pmc = 3462303 | doi = 10.1016/j.celrep.2012.07.014 }}
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