PKS 0637-752
{{Short description|Quasar in the constellation Mensa}}
{{Infobox galaxy
| name = PKS 0637-752
| epoch = J2000.0
| constellation name = Mensa
| ra = {{RA|06|35|46.5}}
| dec = {{DEC|-75|16|16.8}}
| z = 0.653000
| h_radial_v = 195,765 km/s
| dist_ly = 6.0 Gly
| appmag_v = 0.34
| appmag_b = 0.26
| type = FRSQ, Blazar
| notes = X-ray jet
| names = IRAS F06374-7513, PGC 2824867, MRC 0637-752, 2E 1720, OCARS 0637-752
| image = File:PKS 0637-752- NASA Unveils First Images From Chandra X-Ray Observatory (1999-0064 - 0064 xray).tiff
| caption = Chandra X-ray Observatory image of PKS 0637-752
| references =
}}
PKS 0637-752 is a quasar located six billion light years in the constellation of Mensa.{{Cite web |title=NED Search Results for PKS 0637-752 |url=https://ned.ipac.caltech.edu/cgi-bin/objsearch?search_type=Obj_id&objid=61614&objname=1&img_stamp=YES&hconst=73.0&omegam=0.27&omegav=0.73&corr_z=1 |access-date=2024-09-04 |website=ned.ipac.caltech.edu}} It is noted for having a bright and largest astrophysical jet at redshift of z = 0.651.{{Cite journal |last1=Schwartz |first1=D. A. |last2=Marshall |first2=H. L. |last3=Lovell |first3=J. E. J. |last4=Piner |first4=B. G. |last5=Tingay |first5=S. J. |last6=Birkinshaw |first6=M. |last7=Chartas |first7=G. |last8=Elvis |first8=M. |last9=Feigelson |first9=E. D. |last10=Ghosh |first10=K. K. |last11=Harris |first11=D. E. |last12=Hirabayashi |first12=H. |last13=Hooper |first13=E. J. |last14=Jauncey |first14=D. L. |last15=Lanzetta |first15=K. M. |date=2000-09-10 |title=[ITAL]Chandra[/ITAL] Discovery of a 100 kiloparsec X-Ray Jet in PKS 0637−752 |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/312875 |journal=The Astrophysical Journal |volume=540 |issue=2 |pages=L69–L72 |doi=10.1086/312875 |issn=0004-637X|url-access=subscription |arxiv=astro-ph/0005255 }}{{Cite journal |title=VSOP and ATCA Observations of PKS 0637-752 |url=https://adsabs.harvard.edu/full/2000aprs.conf..215L |access-date=2024-09-04 |journal=Astrophysical Phenomena Revealed by Space Vlbi|bibcode=2000aprs.conf..215L |last1=Lovell |first1=J. E. J. |last2=Tingay |first2=S. J. |last3=Piner |first3=B. G. |last4=Jauncey |first4=D. L. |last5=Preston |first5=R. A. |last6=Murphy |first6=D. W. |last7=McCulloch |first7=P. M. |last8=Costa |first8=M. E. |last9=Nicolson |first9=G. |last10=Hirabayashi |first10=H. |last11=Reynolds |first11=J. E. |last12=Tzioumis |first12=A. K. |last13=Jones |first13=D. L. |last14=Lister |first14=M. L. |last15=Meier |first15=D. L. |last16=Birkinshaw |first16=M. |last17=Chartas |first17=G. |last18=Feigleson |first18=E. D. |last19=Garmire |first19=G. P. |last20=Ghosh |first20=K. K. |last21=Marshall |first21=H. L. |last22=Mathur |first22=S. |last23=Sambruna |first23=R. M. |last24=Schwartz |first24=D. A. |last25=Tucker |first25=W. H. |last26=Wilkes |first26=B. |last27=Worrall |first27=D. M. |date=2000 |page=215 }} Discovered by Einstein Observatory in 1980 through X-rays,{{Cite journal |last1=Elvis |first1=M. |last2=Fabbiano |first2=G. |date=1984-05-01 |title=X-ray and UV observations of two radio-bright quasars. |url=https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1984ApJ...280...91E |journal=The Astrophysical Journal |volume=280 |pages=91–97 |doi=10.1086/161970 |bibcode=1984ApJ...280...91E |issn=0004-637X}} PKS 0637-752 was the first celestial object to be observed by Chandra X-ray Observatory upon its commissioning in July 23, 1999.{{Cite journal |last1=Chartas |first1=G. |last2=Worrall |first2=D. M. |last3=Birkinshaw |first3=M. |last4=Cresitello-Dittmar |first4=M. |last5=Cui |first5=W. |last6=Ghosh |first6=K. K. |last7=Harris |first7=D. E. |last8=Hooper |first8=E. J. |last9=Jauncey |first9=D. L. |last10=Kim |first10=D.-W. |last11=Lovell |first11=J. |last12=Mathur |first12=S. |last13=Schwartz |first13=D. A. |last14=Tingay |first14=S. J. |last15=Virani |first15=S. N. |date=2000-10-20 |title=TheChandra X-Ray ObservatoryResolves the X-Ray Morphology and Spectra of a Jet in PKS 0637−752 |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/317049 |journal=The Astrophysical Journal |volume=542 |issue=2 |pages=655–666 |doi=10.1086/317049 |issn=0004-637X|arxiv=astro-ph/0005227 }}
Characteristics
PKS 0637-752 contains an active galactic nucleus. It is classified a blazar, a type of an active galaxy with a relativistic jet pointing towards Earth's direction.{{Cite journal |last1=Podjed |first1=Stephanie A. |last2=Hickox |first2=Ryan C. |last3=Isler |first3=Jedidah C. |last4=Böttcher |first4=Markus |last5=Schutte |first5=Hester M. |date=2024-06-01 |title=Optical Spectropolarimetric Variability Properties in Blazars PKS 0637–75 and PKS 1510–089 |journal=The Astrophysical Journal |volume=968 |issue=2 |pages=130 |doi=10.3847/1538-4357/ad4111 |doi-access=free |issn=0004-637X|arxiv=2406.17687 }}{{Cite journal |last1=Ghisellini |first1=G. |last2=Tavecchio |first2=F. |last3=Foschini |first3=L. |last4=Ghirlanda |first4=G. |last5=Maraschi |first5=L. |last6=Celotti |first6=A. |date=2009-11-26 |title=General physical properties of bright Fermi blazars |journal=Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society |volume=402 |issue=1 |pages=497–518 |doi=10.1111/j.1365-2966.2009.15898.x |doi-access=free |issn=0035-8711|arxiv=0909.0932 }} Like other quasars, PKS 0637-752 is considered luminous, powering up 10 trillion times the sun, with a supermassive black hole in its center.{{Cite web |title=Chandra Press Room :: Fact Sheet: PKS 0637-752 |url=https://chandra.si.edu/press/pksfact.html |access-date=2024-09-04 |website=chandra.si.edu}}{{Cite web |date=October 23, 2012 |title=Distant Quasar Ejects 2 Million Light-Year Long Jet of Cosmic Material |url=https://scitechdaily.com/distant-quasar-ejects-2-million-light-year-long-jet-of-cosmic-material/ |website=SciTechDaily}}
= X-ray jet =
PKS 0637-752 contains a high γ-ray flux{{Cite journal |last1=Lucchini |first1=M. |last2=Tavecchio |first2=F. |last3=Ghisellini |first3=G. |date=2016-12-22 |title=Revisiting the EC/CMB model for extragalactic large scale jets |journal=Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society |pages=stw3316 |doi=10.1093/mnras/stw3316 |doi-access=free |issn=0035-8711|arxiv=1610.01580 }} X-ray jet{{Cite journal |last1=Bhattacharyya |first1=Wrijupan |last2=Gupta |first2=Nayantara |date=2016-02-01 |title=Proton Synchrotron Radiation from Extended Jets of PKS 0637-752 and 3C 273 |journal=The Astrophysical Journal |volume=817 |issue=2 |pages=121 |doi=10.3847/0004-637X/817/2/121 |doi-access=free |arxiv=1511.00258 |bibcode=2016ApJ...817..121B |issn=0004-637X}}{{Cite journal |last1=Edwards |first1=Philip G. |last2=Piner |first2=B. Glenn |last3=Tingay |first3=Steven J. |last4=Lovell |first4=James E. J. |last5=Kataoka |first5=Jun |last6=Ojha |first6=Roopesh |last7=Murata |first7=Yasuhiro |date=2006-04-01 |title=The Parsec-Scale Jet of PKS 0637-752 |url=https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2006PASJ...58..233E/abstract |journal=Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan |volume=58 |pages=233–241 |doi=10.1093/pasj/58.2.233 |bibcode=2006PASJ...58..233E |issn=0004-6264}} studied by Hubble Space Telescope{{Cite journal |last1=Mehta |first1=Kushal T. |last2=Georganopoulos |first2=Markos |last3=Perlman |first3=Eric S. |last4=Padgett |first4=Charles A. |last5=Chartas |first5=George |date=2009-01-01 |title=HST observations of the quasar PKS 0637-752: equipartition electron-proton jet from the most complete spectral coverage to date |journal=The Astrophysical Journal |volume=690 |issue=2 |pages=1706–1714 |doi=10.1088/0004-637X/690/2/1706 |arxiv=0809.1608 |issn=0004-637X}} and Spitzer.{{Cite journal |last1=Uchiyama |first1=Yasunobu |last2=Urry |first2=C. Megan |last3=Van Duyne |first3=Jeffrey |last4=Cheung |first4=C. C. |last5=Sambruna |first5=Rita M. |last6=Takahashi |first6=Tadayuki |last7=Tavecchio |first7=Fabrizio |last8=Maraschi |first8=Laura |date=2005-09-14 |title=Spitzer IRAC Imaging of the Relativistic Jet from Superluminal Quasar PKS 0637-752 |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/497426 |journal=The Astrophysical Journal |volume=631 |issue=2 |pages=L113–L116 |doi=10.1086/497426 |issn=0004-637X|arxiv=astro-ph/0508569 }} The jet extends ≥100 kiloparsecs wide and has a luminosity of ~1044.6 ergs−1. It produces X-ray emission through inverse Compton scattering from the cosmic microwave background.{{Cite journal |last1=Tavecchio |first1=Fabrizio |last2=Maraschi |first2=Laura |last3=Sambruna |first3=Rita M. |last4=Urry |first4=C. Megan |date=2000-11-20 |title=The X-Ray Jet of PKS 0637−752: Inverse Compton Radiation from the Cosmic Microwave Background? |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/317292 |journal=The Astrophysical Journal |volume=544 |issue=1 |pages=L23–L26 |doi=10.1086/317292 |issn=0004-637X|arxiv=astro-ph/0007441 }}
Further observations from Hubble also found three small knots occurring concurrently with the X-ray emission and peak radio. According to observations made by Australia Telescope Compact Array, these knots are shown to be quasi-periodic with a separation gap of ~1.1 arcsecs. Using two class models, astronomers calculated the jet power of PKS 0637-752 to be Q ~ 1046 erg/s and the jet engine modulation to be 2 x 103 yr < \tau < 3x 105 yr. Such evidence, proves the jet structure in the quasar might result from an unstable accretion disk, causing limit cycle behavior.{{Cite journal |last1=Kusunose |first1=Masaaki |last2=Takahara |first2=Fumio |date=2017-01-16 |title=A Photo-Hadronic Model of the Large-Scale Jet of PKS 0637-752 |journal=The Astrophysical Journal |volume=835 |issue=1 |pages=20 |doi=10.3847/1538-4357/835/1/20 |doi-access=free |issn=0004-637X|arxiv=1611.08046 }}