PLZ-89
{{Short description|Chinese 122 mm self-propelled howitzer}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2023}}
{{distinguish|text=the PTZ-89 or Type 89 tank destroyer, which shares a very similar designation}}
{{Infobox weapon
|name=PLZ-89
|image=PLZ-89.png
|image_size=300
|caption=Type 89 en route to a designated shooting range.
|type=Self-propelled howitzer
|origin=China
|is_ranged=yes
|is_artillery=yes
|is_vehicle=yes
|is_UK=yes
|service=
|used_by=See {{section link||Operators}}
|wars=
|mass={{cvt|20|t}}
|length={{cvt|11|m}}
|width={{cvt|3.4|m}}
|height={{cvt|2|m}}
|crew=5
|cartridge=
|caliber={{cvt|122|mm}}
|barrels=
|action=
|rate=6–8 rounds/min
|velocity=
|range=
|max_range={{cvt|18|km}} for standard high-explosive
{{cvt|21|km}} for ERFB-BB
|feed=
|sights=
|breech=
|recoil=
|carriage=
|elevation=
|traverse=360°
|armour=
|primary_armament=122 mm howitzer
|secondary_armament=12.7 mm anti-aircraft machine gun/2 sets of 4-barrel grenade launchers
|engine=12V150L12 liquid-cooled diesel
|engine_power={{cvt|450|hp}}
|pw_ratio=
|suspension=Torsion bar
|vehicle_range={{cvt|500|km}}
|speed={{cvt|60|km/h}}
}}
The Type 89 self-propelled howitzer (military designation PLZ-89) is a 122 mm self-propelled howitzer used by China's People's Liberation Army to replace Type 85 and Type 70 122 mm self-propelled howitzer. The PLZ-89 was first unveiled to the public during the 1999 Chinese National Day Parade.
Development
Since the late 1970s, a number of 122 mm self-propelled howitzers (SPH) had been developed in China to meet Chinese army requirements. The People's Liberation Army (PLA) required a mobile artillery system to provide medium- to long-range indirect fire support for motorised infantry and armoured troops and capable of keeping pace with them. However, none of them could meet these requirements. The Type 89 self-propelled howitzer, also known as the PLZ-89, was developed in the late 1980s. It was a Chinese attempt to develop an indigenous SPH with similar capabilities to the Soviet 2S1 Gvozdika. The Type 89 is currently in service with the PLA and PLA Navy Marine Corps. Several hundred of these artillery systems were built.{{cite web|title=Type 89 122 mm self-propelled howitzer|url=http://www.military-today.com/artillery/type_89_howitzer.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081003142000/http://military-today.com/artillery/type_89_howitzer.htm|url-status=usurped|archive-date=3 October 2008|website=Military-Today.com|access-date=11 August 2023}}
Design
The Type 89 SPH is armed with a 122 mm/L32 howitzer. The main armament is derived from the Type 86 (W-86) 122 mm/32-caliber towed howitzer, which itself is a Chinese licensed copy of the Soviet D-30 122 mm howitzer. The PLZ-89 carries 40 rounds inside the turret. The gun is equipped with semi-automatic loader with a maximum rate of fire of 6–8 rounds/min and fire accuracy is achieved by a digital fire-control system and a roof-mounted electro-optical sighting for day/night operations. This artillery system is compatible with Chinese and Russian 122 mm ammunition. Its maximum range of fire is {{cvt|18|km}} using standard HE projectiles and {{cvt|21|km}} with extended-range projectiles. The vehicle is fitted with a computerised fire-control system, night vision.{{cite web|date=19 November 2017|title=PLZ-89 / Type 89 122mm howitzer|url=https://www.armyrecognition.com/china_artillery_vehicles_and_weapon_systems_uk/plz-89_type_89_122mm_tracked_self-propelled_howitzer_technical_data.html|website=Army Recognition|access-date=11 August 2023}}
The secondary armament consists of a roof-mounted QJC-88 12.7 mm machine gun. For the safety of its crew of five, the vehicle is armoured against small-arms fire and artillery shell splinters, and fitted with NBC protection, fire detection and automatic fire suppression systems. Its tracked chassis, developed from the Type 77 amphibious armoured personnel carrier, is powered by a {{cvt|450|hp}} 12V150L12 diesel engine. The Type 89 can also be fitted with a flotation kit for amphibious warfare.
Variants
;PLZ-89: Baseline military version.
;SH-3: Export-oriented variant featuring an improved chassis, new engine, new transmission.{{cite web|title=SH-3 122 mm self-propelled howitzer|url=http://www.military-today.com/artillery/sh3.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090709171751/http://www.military-today.com/artillery/sh3.htm|url-status=usurped|archive-date=9 July 2009|website=Military-Today.com|access-date=11 August 2023}}
Operators
;{{CHN}}
- People's Liberation Army Ground Force – 500 PLZ-89{{cite magazine|last=Verma|first=Vivek|date=April 2020|title=Appraisal of PLA Artillery Modernisation|url=https://www.claws.in/publication/appraisal-of-pla-artillery-modernisation/|magazine=Issue Briefs|issue=220|publisher=Centre for Land Warfare Studies|page=2|access-date=11 August 2023}}
;{{RWA}}
- Rwanda Defence Force – 6 SH-3{{cite book|author=International Institute for Strategic Studies|author-link=International Institute for Strategic Studies|editor-last=Hackett |editor-first=James|year=2023|title=The Military Balance 2023|location=London|publisher=Routledge|page=472|isbn=978-1-032-50895-5}}
See also
- List of equipment of the People's Liberation Army Ground Force
- PLZ-07 – the successor of PLZ-89