PNS Mangro (S133)
{{Short description|Pakistani submarine (1970–2006)}}
| {{Infobox ship begin}}
{{Infobox ship image | Ship image =300px | Ship caption =After her decommissioning, Mangro beached at the Gadani ship-breaking yard and sold for scrap metal in 2006. }} {{Infobox ship career | Hide header = | Ship country = Pakistan | Ship flag = {{shipboxflag|Pakistan|naval}} | Ship name = Mangro | Ship namesake = | Ship ordered = 1966 | Ship builder = DCNS in Toulon in France | Ship yard number = | Ship laid down = 8 July 1968 | Ship launched = 7 February 1970 | Ship acquired = | Ship commissioned = 8 August 1970 | Ship decommissioned = 2 January 2006 | Ship in service = 1970–2006 | Ship out of service = | Ship struck = | Ship reinstated = | Ship homeport =Naval Dockyard in Karachi | Ship fate =Scrapped by National Shipping Corporation | Ship identification = S-133 |Ship notes= }} {{Infobox ship characteristics |Hide header= |Header caption= |Ship class=
|Ship tonnage= |Ship displacement=860 tons surfaced; 1,038 tons dived |Ship length= {{Convert|57.75|m|ftin|abbr=on}} |Ship beam= {{convert|6.8|m|abbr=on|1}} |Ship height= |Ship draught={{convert|4.6|m|abbr=on|1}} |Ship draft= |Ship power= |Ship propulsion=Diesel-electric, two shafts, {{convert|1,600|shp|lk=in|0}} |Ship speed=* Snorkelling: {{convert|16|kn|km/h|0}}
|Ship range=Surfaced: {{convert|10000|nmi|km|0}} at {{convert|7|kn|km/h|0}} |Ship endurance=30 days |Ship test depth={{convert|300|m|abbr=on}} |Ship complement=45, 7 officers, 41 enlisted{{cite book |title=Pakistan Pictorial |date=1985 |publisher=Pakistan Publications |edition=9 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DnpCAAAAYAAJ&q=mangro |access-date=26 September 2018 |language=en}}{{rp|25}} |Ship sensors=* DRUA 31 radar
|Ship EW=ARUR 10B radar detector |Ship armament=* 12 × {{Convert|550|mm|in|abbr=on}} torpedo tubes (8 bow, 4 stern)
|Ship armour= |Ship armor= |Ship notes= }} |
PNS/M Mangro (S-133) (nickname: '"Mangrove"), was a {{sclass|Hangor|submarine|0||1968}} diesel-electric submarine based on the French {{sclass|Daphné|submarine|0}} design. She was designed, built, and commissioned in Toulon, France. She was in commission from 9 August 1970 until 2 January 2006.
History
{{Main|Operation Jackpot}}
Mangro (S133) was laid down on 8 July 1968 and launched on 7 February 1970 at Toulon in France.{{cite web |last1=Shabbir |first1=Usman |title=DAPHNE CLASS (SSK) |url=http://pakdef.org/daphne-class-ssk/ |website=PakDef Military Consortium |access-date=26 September 2018 |language=en |date=13 June 2003 |archive-date=27 September 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180927005701/http://pakdef.org/daphne-class-ssk/ |url-status=dead }} She was commissioned in the Pakistan Navy on 8 August 1970.
In 1971, her crew began receiving training in France. The ship became involved in the events surrounding the Bangladesh Liberation War in East Pakistan when a mutiny took place on the ship, with mutineers aiming to defect to Bangladesh.{{cite book |last1=Mahmud |first1=Sezan |title=Operation Jackpot: A true, untold story of naval commando operations in the liberation war of Bangladesh in 1971 |date=2014 |publisher=Rupantar Publication |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uXWaBAAAQBAJ&q=pns+mangro&pg=PT11 |language=en-gb |chapter=From Toloun to Palashi}}{{cite news |last1=Chowdhury |first1=Abdul Wahed |title=Naval Commandos in Operation Jackpot |url=https://www.thedailystar.net/supplements/independence-day-special-2015/submariners-heroism-and-the-first-military-response-france |access-date=26 September 2018 |work=The Daily Star |date=26 March 2015 |language=en}} At the time, thirteen of her crew were East Pakistanis who planned an operation to take over the submarine and defect to Bangladesh from France.{{rp|204}}{{cite book |last1=Wahab |first1=A. T. M. Abdul |title=Mukti Bahini wins victory: Pak military oligarchy divides Pakistan in 1971 |date=2004 |publisher=Columbia Prokashani |isbn=9789847130446 |pages=352 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nDpuAAAAMAAJ&q=pns+mangro |language=en}} Mangro was ordered to report back to submarine base in Karachi on 1 April 1971 but her plan to depart was interrupted when the 13 East Pakistani enlists decided to seize the submarine.{{rp|204}}
Their plan, however, was foiled due to the advance knowledge gained by the Pakistani Naval Intelligence, leading the Navy SSG to undertake an armed action plan to counter the mutiny. This resulted in the death of one mutineer, while the others escaped from the base in France and took refuge in the Indian Embassy in Geneva in Switzerland.{{rp|Contents}}{{cite book |last1=Tripathi |first1=Salil |title=The Colonel Who Would Not Repent: The Bangladesh War and Its Unquiet Legacy |date=2016 |publisher=Yale University Press |isbn=9780300221022 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DyTUCwAAQBAJ&q=Pakistan+Submarine+Jackpot&pg=PT163 |language=en}}{{rp|66–67}}{{cite book |last1=Rehman |first1=Khalilur |title=Muktiyuddhe nau-abhiyāna |date=2006 |publisher=Sāhitya Prakāśa |isbn=984-465-449-1 |edition=Prathama prakāśa}}
After the incident, Mangro sailed to Pakistan under the command of Lieutenant-Commander Shamim Khalid and reported to its base in Karachi.{{cite web |title=Defence Day |url=https://aiyshavarraich.blogspot.com/2015/09/defence-day.html |website=Defence Day |access-date=27 September 2018}} On 22 November 1971, Mangro was deployed under the command of Lieutenant-Commander Shamim to patrol off the Arabian Sea, and eventually detected the Indian Navy's armada that was sent to attack Karachi. No attack was carried out as both nations had not officially declared war, but she tracked the squadron.
On 2 December 1971, Mangro reported back to her base, only to witness the attack on Karachi, by the squadron she had tracked earlier, commence.{{cite book |last1=Cardozo |first1=Ian |title=The Sinking of INS Khukri: Survivor's Stories |date=2006 |publisher=Roli Books |isbn=9789351940999 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xvs_CgAAQBAJ&q=pns+mangro+deployed&pg=PT57 |language=en}}{{rp|contents}} During the war, Mangro continued her operations and reported back to base safely after the ceasefire between the two nations was reached.
On 2 January 2006, she was decommissioned having completed 34-years of service with the Pakistan Navy.{{cite news |title=Pak-navy decommissioned 4 more French origin submarines |url=http://paktribune.com/news/Pak-navy-decommissioned-4-more-French-origin-submarines-130088.html |access-date=25 September 2018 |work=Pakistan Tribune |date=2 January 2006 |language=en}}
References
{{reflist}}
External links
- {{cite web |title=Pakistan Navy Submarine Command (COMSUBS) |url=https://www.paknavy.gov.pk/submarine_Force.html |website=Pakistan Navy |access-date=27 September 2018}}
- {{cite news |last1=Saeed |first1=Saquib |title=Under the Sea: The Four Daphné Girls |url=https://tribune.com.pk/story/748132/the-four-daphne-girls/ |access-date=26 September 2018 |work=The Express Tribune |date=17 August 2014}}
{{Daphné class submarines}}
{{Pakistan Armed Forces}}
{{Bangladesh liberation|collapsed}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Mangro, PNS}}
Category:Ships built in France
Category:Hangor-class submarines (Daphné-class)
Category:Maritime incidents in 1971