POLQ

TMEJ is intrinsically mutagenic, since polymerase theta uses homologous nucleotides from both break ends to initiate repair, which leads to loss of one set of these nucleotides in the DNA sequence. Therefore, TMEJ is a form of micro-homology mediated end joining (MMEJ). Moreover, when break ends are not stabilized properly, the break ends can detach after polymerization. When these polymerized ends anneal again, a templated insert arises between the deletion junctions.{{cite journal | vauthors = Schimmel J, van Schendel R, den Dunnen JT, Tijsterman M | title = Templated Insertions: A Smoking Gun for Polymerase Theta-Mediated End Joining | journal = Trends in Genetics | volume = 35 | issue = 9 | pages = 632–644 | date = September 2019 | pmid = 31296341 | doi = 10.1016/j.tig.2019.06.001 | s2cid = 195892718 }}

Polθ promotes RNA-templated DNA repair. Previously, DNA polymerases were long thought to only transcribe DNA into DNA or RNA and not be able to write RNA segments into DNA.{{cite news |title=New discovery shows human cells can write RNA sequences into DNA |url=https://phys.org/news/2021-06-discovery-human-cells-rna-sequences.html |access-date=10 July 2021 |work=phys.org |language=en}}{{cite journal | vauthors = Chandramouly G, Zhao J, McDevitt S, Rusanov T, Hoang T, Borisonnik N, Treddinick T, Lopezcolorado FW, Kent T, Siddique LA, Mallon J, Huhn J, Shoda Z, Kashkina E, Brambati A, Stark JM, Chen XS, Pomerantz RT | display-authors = 6 | title = Polθ reverse transcribes RNA and promotes RNA-templated DNA repair | journal = Science Advances | volume = 7 | issue = 24 | pages = eabf1771 | date = June 2021 | pmid = 34117057 | pmc = 8195485 | doi = 10.1126/sciadv.abf1771 | bibcode = 2021SciA....7.1771C }}

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