Login
Login

PRAME

{{Infobox_gene}}

PRAME (preferentially expressed antigen of melanoma) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PRAME gene.{{cite journal | vauthors = Ikeda H, Lethé B, Lehmann F, van Baren N, Baurain JF, de Smet C, Chambost H, Vitale M, Moretta A, Boon T, Coulie PG | title = Characterization of an antigen that is recognized on a melanoma showing partial HLA loss by CTL expressing an NK inhibitory receptor | journal = Immunity | volume = 6 | issue = 2 | pages = 199–208 | date = Feb 1997 | pmid = 9047241 | doi = 10.1016/S1074-7613(00)80426-4 | doi-access = free }}{{cite journal | vauthors = Dunham I, Shimizu N, Roe BA, Chissoe S, Hunt AR, Collins JE, Bruskiewich R, Beare DM, Clamp M, Smink LJ, Ainscough R, Almeida JP, Babbage A, Bagguley C, Bailey J, Barlow K, Bates KN, Beasley O, Bird CP, Blakey S, Bridgeman AM, Buck D, Burgess J, Burrill WD, O'Brien KP | title = The DNA sequence of human chromosome 22 | journal = Nature | volume = 402 | issue = 6761 | pages = 489–95 | date = Dec 1999 | pmid = 10591208 | doi = 10.1038/990031 | bibcode = 1999Natur.402..489D | doi-access = free }}{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: PRAME preferentially expressed antigen in melanoma| url = https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=23532}} Five alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding the same protein have been observed for this gene.

Function

This gene encodes an antigen that is predominantly expressed in human melanomas and that is recognized by cytolytic T lymphocytes. It is not expressed in normal tissues, except testis. This expression pattern is similar to that of other CT antigens, such as MAGE, BAGE and GAGE. However, unlike these other CT antigens, this gene is also expressed in acute leukemias. The overexpression of PRAME in tumor tissues and relative low levels in normal somatic tissues make it an attractive target for cancer therapy. In recent years, immunotherapy has spearheaded a new era of cancer therapy resulting in the development of numerous novel antigen-specific immunotherapy approaches. Studies on PRAME-specific immunotherapy primarily involve vaccines and cellular immunotherapies.{{cite journal | vauthors = Al-Khadairi G, Decock J | title = Cancer Testis Antigens and Immunotherapy: Where Do We Stand in the Targeting of PRAME? | journal = Cancers | volume = 11 | issue = 7 | pages = 984 | date = July 2019 | pmid = 31311081 | pmc = 6678383 | doi = 10.3390/cancers11070984 | doi-access = free }}

PRAME can inhibit retinoic acid signaling and retinoic acid mediated differentiation and apoptosis.{{cite journal | vauthors = Epping MT, Wang L, Edel MJ, Carlée L, Hernandez M, Bernards R | title = The human tumor antigen PRAME is a dominant repressor of retinoic acid receptor signaling | journal = Cell | volume = 122 | issue = 6 | pages = 835–47 | date = September 2005 | pmid = 16179254 | doi = 10.1016/j.cell.2005.07.003 | hdl = 1874/17819 | s2cid = 18144920 | hdl-access = free }} PRAME overexpression in triple negative breast cancer has also been found to promote cancer cell motility through induction of the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition.{{cite journal | vauthors = Al-Khadairi G, Naik A, Thomas R, Al-Sulaiti B, Rizly S, Decock J | title = PRAME promotes epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in triple negative breast cancer | journal = Journal of Translational Medicine | volume = 17 | issue = 1 | pages = 9 | date = January 2019 | pmid = 30602372 | doi = 10.1186/s12967-018-1757-3 | pmc = 6317205 | doi-access = free }}

References

{{reflist}}

Further reading

{{refbegin | 2}}

  • {{cite journal | vauthors = Al-Khadairi G, Decock J | title = Cancer Testis Antigens and Immunotherapy: Where Do We Stand in the Targeting of PRAME? | journal = Cancers | volume = 11 | issue = 7 | pages = 984 | date = July 2019 | pmid = 31311081 | pmc = 6678383 | doi = 10.3390/cancers11070984 | doi-access = free }}
  • {{cite journal | vauthors = Al-Khadairi G, Naik A, Thomas R, Al-Sulaiti B, Rizly S, Decock J | title = PRAME promotes epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in triple negative breast cancer | journal = Journal of Translational Medicine | volume = 17 | issue = 1 | pages = 9 | date = January 2019 | pmid = 30602372 | doi = 10.1186/s12967-018-1757-3 | pmc = 6317205 | doi-access = free }}
  • {{cite journal | vauthors = Kirkin AF, Dzhandzhugazyan K, Zeuthen J | title = The immunogenic properties of melanoma-associated antigens recognized by cytotoxic T lymphocytes | journal = Experimental and Clinical Immunogenetics | volume = 15 | issue = 1 | pages = 19–32 | year = 1998 | pmid = 9619397 | doi = 10.1159/000019050 | s2cid = 25993773 }}
  • {{cite journal | vauthors = Matsushita M, Yamazaki R, Ikeda H, Kawakami Y | title = Preferentially expressed antigen of melanoma (PRAME) in the development of diagnostic and therapeutic methods for hematological malignancies | journal = Leukemia & Lymphoma | volume = 44 | issue = 3 | pages = 439–44 | date = Mar 2003 | pmid = 12688312 | doi = 10.1080/1042819021000035725 | s2cid = 29064098 }}
  • {{cite journal | vauthors = Bonaldo MF, Lennon G, Soares MB | title = Normalization and subtraction: two approaches to facilitate gene discovery | journal = Genome Research | volume = 6 | issue = 9 | pages = 791–806 | date = Sep 1996 | pmid = 8889548 | doi = 10.1101/gr.6.9.791 | doi-access = free }}
  • {{cite journal | vauthors = Williams JM, Chen GC, Zhu L, Rest RF | title = Using the yeast two-hybrid system to identify human epithelial cell proteins that bind gonococcal Opa proteins: intracellular gonococci bind pyruvate kinase via their Opa proteins and require host pyruvate for growth | journal = Molecular Microbiology | volume = 27 | issue = 1 | pages = 171–86 | date = Jan 1998 | pmid = 9466265 | doi = 10.1046/j.1365-2958.1998.00670.x | doi-access = free }}
  • {{cite journal | vauthors = Neumann E, Engelsberg A, Decker J, Störkel S, Jaeger E, Huber C, Seliger B | title = Heterogeneous expression of the tumor-associated antigens RAGE-1, PRAME, and glycoprotein 75 in human renal cell carcinoma: candidates for T-cell-based immunotherapies? | journal = Cancer Research | volume = 58 | issue = 18 | pages = 4090–5 | date = Sep 1998 | pmid = 9751617 }}
  • {{cite journal | vauthors = van Baren N, Chambost H, Ferrant A, Michaux L, Ikeda H, Millard I, Olive D, Boon T, Coulie PG | title = PRAME, a gene encoding an antigen recognized on a human melanoma by cytolytic T cells, is expressed in acute leukaemia cells | journal = British Journal of Haematology | volume = 102 | issue = 5 | pages = 1376–9 | date = Sep 1998 | pmid = 9753074 | doi = 10.1046/j.1365-2141.1998.00982.x | s2cid = 2896384 | doi-access = free }}
  • {{cite journal | vauthors = Watari K, Tojo A, Nagamura-Inoue T, Nagamura F, Takeshita A, Fukushima T, Motoji T, Tani K, Asano S | title = Identification of a melanoma antigen, PRAME, as a BCR/ABL-inducible gene | journal = FEBS Letters | volume = 466 | issue = 2–3 | pages = 367–71 | date = Jan 2000 | pmid = 10682862 | doi = 10.1016/S0014-5793(00)01112-1 | s2cid = 26778464 }}
  • {{cite journal | vauthors = Pellat-Deceunynck C, Mellerin MP, Labarrière N, Jego G, Moreau-Aubry A, Harousseau JL, Jotereau F, Bataille R | title = The cancer germ-line genes MAGE-1, MAGE-3 and PRAME are commonly expressed by human myeloma cells | journal = European Journal of Immunology | volume = 30 | issue = 3 | pages = 803–9 | date = Mar 2000 | pmid = 10741395 | doi = 10.1002/1521-4141(200003)30:3<803::AID-IMMU803>3.0.CO;2-P | s2cid = 7100014 | doi-access = }}
  • {{cite journal | vauthors = Matsushita M, Ikeda H, Kizaki M, Okamoto S, Ogasawara M, Ikeda Y, Kawakami Y | title = Quantitative monitoring of the PRAME gene for the detection of minimal residual disease in leukaemia | journal = British Journal of Haematology | volume = 112 | issue = 4 | pages = 916–26 | date = Mar 2001 | pmid = 11298586 | doi = 10.1046/j.1365-2141.2001.02670.x | s2cid = 22217905 | doi-access = free }}
  • {{cite journal | vauthors = Steinbach D, Hermann J, Viehmann S, Zintl F, Gruhn B | title = Clinical implications of PRAME gene expression in childhood acute myeloid leukemia | journal = Cancer Genetics and Cytogenetics | volume = 133 | issue = 2 | pages = 118–23 | date = Mar 2002 | pmid = 11943337 | doi = 10.1016/S0165-4608(01)00570-2 }}
  • {{cite journal | vauthors = Steinbach D, Viehmann S, Zintl F, Gruhn B | title = PRAME gene expression in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia | journal = Cancer Genetics and Cytogenetics | volume = 138 | issue = 1 | pages = 89–91 | date = Oct 2002 | pmid = 12419593 | doi = 10.1016/S0165-4608(02)00582-4 }}
  • {{cite journal | vauthors = Lehner B, Semple JI, Brown SE, Counsell D, Campbell RD, Sanderson CM | title = Analysis of a high-throughput yeast two-hybrid system and its use to predict the function of intracellular proteins encoded within the human MHC class III region | journal = Genomics | volume = 83 | issue = 1 | pages = 153–67 | date = Jan 2004 | pmid = 14667819 | doi = 10.1016/S0888-7543(03)00235-0 }}
  • {{cite journal | vauthors = Oberthuer A, Hero B, Spitz R, Berthold F, Fischer M | title = The tumor-associated antigen PRAME is universally expressed in high-stage neuroblastoma and associated with poor outcome | journal = Clinical Cancer Research | volume = 10 | issue = 13 | pages = 4307–13 | date = Jul 2004 | pmid = 15240516 | doi = 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-03-0813 | doi-access = free }}
  • {{cite journal | vauthors = Collins JE, Wright CL, Edwards CA, Davis MP, Grinham JA, Cole CG, Goward ME, Aguado B, Mallya M, Mokrab Y, Huckle EJ, Beare DM, Dunham I | title = A genome annotation-driven approach to cloning the human ORFeome | journal = Genome Biology | volume = 5 | issue = 10 | pages = R84 | year = 2005 | pmid = 15461802 | pmc = 545604 | doi = 10.1186/gb-2004-5-10-r84 | doi-access = free }}

{{refend}}