PRM2

Protamines substitute for histones in the chromatin of sperm during the haploid phase of spermatogenesis, and are the major DNA-binding proteins in the nucleus of sperm in many vertebrates. They package the sperm DNA into a highly condensed complex in a volume less than 5% of a somatic cell nucleus.

Many mammalian species have only one protamine (protamine 1); however, a few species, including human and mouse, have two. This gene encodes protamine 2, which is cleaved to give rise to a family of protamine 2 peptides. Alternatively spliced transcript variants have also been found for this gene. [provided by RefSeq, Sep 2015].

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• {{cite journal | vauthors = Friel A, Houghton JA, Glennon M, Lavery R, Smith T, Nolan A, Maher M | title = A preliminary report on the implication of RT-PCR detection of DAZ, RBMY1, USP9Y and Protamine-2 mRNA in testicular biopsy samples from azoospermic men | journal = International Journal of Andrology | volume = 25 | issue = 1 | pages = 59–64 | date = February 2002 | pmid = 11869379 | doi = 10.1046/j.1365-2605.2002.00326.x | doi-access = free }}
• {{cite journal | vauthors = Zhang J, Webb DM, Podlaha O | title = Accelerated protein evolution and origins of human-specific features: Foxp2 as an example | journal = Genetics | volume = 162 | issue = 4 | pages = 1825–35 | date = December 2002 | doi = 10.1093/genetics/162.4.1825 | pmid = 12524352 | pmc = 1462353 }}
• {{cite journal | vauthors = Tanaka H, Miyagawa Y, Tsujimura A, Matsumiya K, Okuyama A, Nishimune Y | title = Single nucleotide polymorphisms in the protamine-1 and -2 genes of fertile and infertile human male populations | journal = Molecular Human Reproduction | volume = 9 | issue = 2 | pages = 69–73 | date = February 2003 | pmid = 12569175 | doi = 10.1093/molehr/gag010 | doi-access = free }}
• {{cite journal | vauthors = Nasr-Esfahani MH, Salehi M, Razavi S, Mardani M, Bahramian H, Steger K, Oreizi F | title = Effect of protamine-2 deficiency on ICSI outcome | journal = Reproductive Biomedicine Online | volume = 9 | issue = 6 | pages = 652–8 | date = December 2004 | pmid = 15670415 | doi = 10.1016/s1472-6483(10)61776-2 | doi-access = free }}
• {{cite journal | vauthors = Torregrosa N, Domínguez-Fandos D, Camejo MI, Shirley CR, Meistrich ML, Ballescà JL, Oliva R | title = Protamine 2 precursors, protamine 1/protamine 2 ratio, DNA integrity and other sperm parameters in infertile patients | journal = Human Reproduction | volume = 21 | issue = 8 | pages = 2084–9 | date = August 2006 | pmid = 16632464 | doi = 10.1093/humrep/del114 | doi-access = free }}
• {{cite journal | vauthors = Aoki VW, Christensen GL, Atkins JF, Carrell DT | title = Identification of novel polymorphisms in the nuclear protein genes and their relationship with human sperm protamine deficiency and severe male infertility | journal = Fertility and Sterility | volume = 86 | issue = 5 | pages = 1416–22 | date = November 2006 | pmid = 16989827 | doi = 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2006.04.033 | doi-access = free }}
• {{cite journal | vauthors = Aoki VW, Christensen GL, Atkins JF, Carrell DT | title = Identification of novel polymorphisms in the nuclear protein genes and their relationship with human sperm protamine deficiency and severe male infertility | journal = Fertility and Sterility | volume = 86 | issue = 5 | pages = 1416–22 | date = November 2006 | pmid = 16989827 | doi = 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2006.04.033 | doi-access = free }}
• {{cite journal | vauthors = Aoki VW, Liu L, Jones KP, Hatasaka HH, Gibson M, Peterson CM, Carrell DT | title = Sperm protamine 1/protamine 2 ratios are related to in vitro fertilization pregnancy rates and predictive of fertilization ability | journal = Fertility and Sterility | volume = 86 | issue = 5 | pages = 1408–15 | date = November 2006 | pmid = 17011555 | doi = 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2006.04.024 | doi-access = free }}

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