PROX1

{{Short description|Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens}}

{{Infobox_gene}}

Prospero homeobox protein 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PROX1 gene.{{cite journal |author2-link=Melinda Duncan |vauthors=Zinovieva RD, Duncan MK, Johnson TR, Torres R, Polymeropoulos MH, Tomarev SI | title = Structure and chromosomal localization of the human homeobox gene Prox 1 | journal = Genomics | volume = 35 | issue = 3 | pages = 517–22 |date=Dec 1996 | pmid = 8812486 | doi = 10.1006/geno.1996.0392 | url =https://zenodo.org/record/1229697 }}{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: PROX1 prospero-related homeobox 1| url = https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=5629}} The Prox1 gene is critical for the development of multiple

tissues. Prox1 activity is necessary and sufficient to specify a lymphatic endothelial cell fate in endothelial progenitors located in the embryonic veins.{{cite journal |last1=Harvey |first1=Natasha L |title=Lymphatic vascular defects promoted by Prox1 haploinsufficiency cause adult-onset obesity |journal=Nature Genetics |date=October 2005 |volume=37 |issue=10 |pages=1072–1081 |doi=10.1038/ng1642 |pmid=16170315 |s2cid=25103068 |url=https://doi.org/10.1038/ng1642|url-access=subscription }}

Interactions

PROX1 has been shown to interact with EP300.{{cite journal |last=Chen |first=Qin |author2=Dowhan Dennis H |author3=Liang Dongcai |author4=Moore David D |author5=Overbeek Paul A |date=Jul 2002 |title=CREB-binding protein/p300 co-activation of crystallin gene expression |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=277 |issue=27 |pages=24081–9 |location = United States| issn = 0021-9258| pmid = 11943779 |doi = 10.1074/jbc.M201821200 |doi-access=free }}

Production

PROX1 is produced primarily in the dentate gyrus in the mouse, and in the dentate gyrus and white matter in humans. Gene expression data for mouse, human and macaque from the Allen Brain Atlases can be found [http://www.brain-map.org/search/index.html?query=prox1 here].

Clinical significance

PROX1 is used as a marker for lymphatic endothelium in biopsy samples.

Homologous gene

References

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Further reading

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  • {{cite journal |vauthors=Wigle JT, Chowdhury K, Gruss P, Oliver G |title=Prox1 function is crucial for mouse lens-fibre elongation. |journal=Nat. Genet. |volume=21 |issue= 3 |pages= 318–22 |year= 1999 |pmid= 10080188 |doi= 10.1038/6844 |s2cid=23791417 }}
  • {{cite journal | author=Mouta Carreira C |title=LYVE-1 is not restricted to the lymph vessels: expression in normal liver blood sinusoids and down-regulation in human liver cancer and cirrhosis |journal=Cancer Res. |volume=61 |issue= 22 |pages= 8079–84 |year= 2001 |pmid= 11719431 |name-list-style=vanc| author2=Nasser SM | author3=di Tomaso E | display-authors=3 | last4=Padera | first4=TP | last5=Boucher | first5=Y | last6=Tomarev | first6=SI | last7=Jain | first7=RK }}
  • {{cite journal | author=Rodriguez-Niedenführ M |title=Prox1 is a marker of ectodermal placodes, endodermal compartments, lymphatic endothelium and lymphangioblasts |journal=Anat. Embryol. |volume=204 |issue= 5 |pages= 399–406 |year= 2002 |pmid= 11789987 |doi=10.1007/s00429-001-0214-9 |name-list-style=vanc| author2=Papoutsi M | author3=Christ B | display-authors=3 | last4=Nicolaides | first4=K. H. | last5=Von Kaisenberg | first5=C.S. | last6=Tomarev | first6=S. I. | last7=Wilting | first7=J. |s2cid=21608393 }}
  • {{cite journal |vauthors=Duncan MK, Cui W, Oh DJ, Tomarev SI |title=Prox1 is differentially localized during lens development |journal=Mech. Dev. |volume=112 |issue= 1–2 |pages= 195–8 |year= 2002 |pmid= 11850194 |doi=10.1016/S0925-4773(01)00645-1 |s2cid=10074353 |doi-access=free }}
  • {{cite journal | author=Chen Q |title=CREB-binding protein/p300 co-activation of crystallin gene expression |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=277 |issue= 27 |pages= 24081–9 |year= 2002 |pmid= 11943779 |doi= 10.1074/jbc.M201821200 |name-list-style=vanc| author2=Dowhan DH | author3=Liang D | display-authors=3 | last4=Moore | first4=DD | last5=Overbeek | first5=PA |doi-access=free }}
  • {{cite journal | author=Wilting J |title=The transcription factor Prox1 is a marker for lymphatic endothelial cells in normal and diseased human tissues |journal=FASEB J. |volume=16 |issue= 10 |pages= 1271–3 |year= 2002 |pmid= 12060670 |doi= 10.1096/fj.01-1010fje |name-list-style=vanc| author2=Papoutsi M | author3=Christ B | display-authors=3 | last4=Nicolaides | first4=KH | last5=Von Kaisenberg | first5=CS | last6=Borges | first6=J | last7=Stark | first7=GB | last8=Alitalo | first8=K | last9=Tomarev | first9=SI |doi-access=free |s2cid=13013505 }}
  • {{cite journal | author=Petrova TV |title=Lymphatic endothelial reprogramming of vascular endothelial cells by the Prox-1 homeobox transcription factor |journal=EMBO J. |volume=21 |issue= 17 |pages= 4593–9 |year= 2002 |pmid= 12198161 |doi=10.1093/emboj/cdf470 | pmc=125413 |name-list-style=vanc| author2=Mäkinen T | author3=Mäkelä TP | display-authors=3 | last4=Saarela | first4=J | last5=Virtanen | first5=I | last6=Ferrell | first6=RE | last7=Finegold | first7=DN | last8=Kerjaschki | first8=D | last9=Ylä-Herttuala | first9=S }}
  • {{cite journal | author=Hong YK |title=Prox1 is a master control gene in the program specifying lymphatic endothelial cell fate |journal=Dev. Dyn. |volume=225 |issue= 3 |pages= 351–7 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12412020 |doi= 10.1002/dvdy.10163 |name-list-style=vanc| author2=Harvey N | author3=Noh YH | display-authors=3 | last4=Schacht | first4=Vivien | last5=Hirakawa | first5=Satoshi | last6=Detmar | first6=Michael | last7=Oliver | first7=Guillermo | doi-access=free }}
  • {{cite journal | author=Strausberg RL |title=Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences |journal=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |volume=99 |issue= 26 |pages= 16899–903 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12477932 |doi= 10.1073/pnas.242603899 | pmc=139241 |name-list-style=vanc| author2=Feingold EA | author3=Grouse LH | display-authors=3 | last4=Derge | first4=JG | last5=Klausner | first5=RD | last6=Collins | first6=FS | last7=Wagner | first7=L | last8=Shenmen | first8=CM | last9=Schuler | first9=GD |bibcode=2002PNAS...9916899M|doi-access=free }}
  • {{cite journal |vauthors=Dyer MA, Livesey FJ, Cepko CL, Oliver G |title=Prox1 function controls progenitor cell proliferation and horizontal cell genesis in the mammalian retina |journal=Nat. Genet. |volume=34 |issue= 1 |pages= 53–8 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12692551 |doi= 10.1038/ng1144 |s2cid=6134008 }}
  • {{cite journal | author=Nagai H |title=Mutations and aberrant DNA methylation of the PROX1 gene in hematologic malignancies |journal=Genes Chromosomes Cancer |volume=38 |issue= 1 |pages= 13–21 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12874782 |doi= 10.1002/gcc.10248 |name-list-style=vanc| author2=Li Y | author3=Hatano S | display-authors=3 | last4=Toshihito | first4=Ohno | last5=Yuge | first5=Masayuki | last6=Ito | first6=Etsuro | last7=Utsumi | first7=Makoto | last8=Saito | first8=Hidehiko | last9=Kinoshita | first9=Tomohiro |s2cid=35135526 }}
  • {{cite journal | author=Steffensen KR |title=Functional conservation of interactions between a homeodomain cofactor and a mammalian FTZ-F1 homologue |journal=EMBO Rep. |volume=5 |issue= 6 |pages= 613–9 |year= 2005 |pmid= 15143342 |doi= 10.1038/sj.embor.7400147 | pmc=1299067 |name-list-style=vanc| author2=Holter E | author3=Båvner A | display-authors=3 | last4=Nilsson | first4=Maria | last5=Pelto-Huikko | first5=Markku | last6=Tomarev | first6=Stanislav | last7=Treuter | first7=Eckardt }}
  • {{cite journal | author=Qin J |title=Prospero-related homeobox (Prox1) is a corepressor of human liver receptor homolog-1 and suppresses the transcription of the cholesterol 7-alpha-hydroxylase gene |journal=Mol. Endocrinol. |volume=18 |issue= 10 |pages= 2424–39 |year= 2005 |pmid= 15205472 |doi= 10.1210/me.2004-0009 |name-list-style=vanc| author2=Gao DM | author3=Jiang QF | display-authors=3 | last4=Zhou | first4=Q | last5=Kong | first5=YY | last6=Wang | first6=Y | last7=Xie | first7=YH | doi-access=free }}
  • {{cite journal | author=Dudas J |title=The homeobox transcription factor Prox1 is highly conserved in embryonic hepatoblasts and in adult and transformed hepatocytes, but is absent from bile duct epithelium |journal=Anat. Embryol. |volume=208 |issue= 5 |pages= 359–66 |year= 2005 |pmid= 15232737 |doi= 10.1007/s00429-004-0403-4 |name-list-style=vanc| author2=Papoutsi M | author3=Hecht M | display-authors=3 | last4=Elmaouhoub | first4=A. | last5=Saile | first5=B. | last6=Christ | first6=B. | last7=Tomarev | first7=S.I. | last8=Kaisenberg | first8=C.S. | last9=Schweigerer | first9=L. |s2cid=117581 }}
  • {{cite journal | author=Reis RM |title=Differential Prox-1 and CD 31 expression in mucousae, cutaneous and soft tissue vascular lesions and tumors |journal=Pathol. Res. Pract. |volume=201 |issue= 12 |pages= 771–6 |year= 2006 |pmid= 16308102 |doi= 10.1016/j.prp.2005.08.010 |name-list-style=vanc| author2=Reis-Filho JS | author3=Longatto Filho A | display-authors=3 | last4=Tomarev | first4=S | last5=Silva | first5=P | last6=Lopes | first6=J |hdl=1822/5789 |hdl-access=free}}
  • {{cite journal |vauthors=Song KH, Li T, Chiang JY |title=A prospero-related homeodomain protein is a novel co-regulator of hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 α that regulates the cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase gene |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=281 |issue= 15 |pages= 10081–8 |year= 2006 |pmid= 16488887 |doi= 10.1074/jbc.M513420200 | pmc=1785292 |doi-access=free }}
  • {{cite journal | author=Schneider M |title=Role of lymphangiogenesis and lymphangiogenic factors during pancreatic cancer progression and lymphatic spread |journal=Int. J. Oncol. |volume=28 |issue= 4 |pages= 883–90 |year= 2006 |pmid= 16525637 |doi= 10.3892/ijo.28.4.883|name-list-style=vanc| author2=Büchler P | author3=Giese N | display-authors=3 | last4=Giese | first4=T | last5=Wilting | first5=J | last6=Büchler | first6=MW | last7=Friess | first7=H | doi-access=free }}
  • {{cite journal | author=Shimoda M |title=A homeobox protein, prox1, is involved in the differentiation, proliferation, and prognosis in hepatocellular carcinoma |journal=Clin. Cancer Res. |volume=12 |issue= 20 Pt 1 |pages= 6005–11 |year= 2006 |pmid= 17062673 |doi= 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-06-0712 |name-list-style=vanc| author2=Takahashi M | author3=Yoshimoto T | display-authors=3 | last4=Kono | first4=T. | last5=Ikai | first5=I. | last6=Kubo | first6=H. |hdl=2433/135812 |doi-access=free|hdl-access=free}}
  • {{cite journal | author=Laerm A |title=Prospero-related homeobox 1 (PROX1) is frequently inactivated by genomic deletions and epigenetic silencing in carcinomas of the bilary system |journal=J. Hepatol. |volume=46 |issue= 1 |pages= 89–97 |year= 2007 |pmid= 17069925 |doi= 10.1016/j.jhep.2006.07.033 |name-list-style=vanc| author2=Helmbold P | author3=Goldberg M | display-authors=3 | last4=Dammann | first4=R | last5=Holzhausen | first5=H | last6=Ballhausen | first6=W }}

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