PTP4A2

{{Short description|Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens}}

Protein tyrosine phosphatase type IVA 2 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PTP4A2 gene.{{cite journal | vauthors = Zhao Z, Lee CC, Monckton DG, Yazdani A, Coolbaugh MI, Li X, Bailey J, Shen Y, Caskey CT | title = Characterization and genomic mapping of genes and pseudogenes of a new human protein tyrosine phosphatase | journal = Genomics | volume = 35 | issue = 1 | pages = 172–81 |date=Sep 1996 | pmid = 8661118 | doi = 10.1006/geno.1996.0336 }}{{cite journal | vauthors = Zeng Q, Hong W, Tan YH | title = Mouse PRL-2 and PRL-3, two potentially prenylated protein tyrosine phosphatases homologous to PRL-1 | journal = Biochem Biophys Res Commun | volume = 244 | issue = 2 | pages = 421–7 |date=Apr 1998 | pmid = 9514946 | doi = 10.1006/bbrc.1998.8291 }}{{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: PTP4A2 protein tyrosine phosphatase type IVA, member 2| url = https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=8073}}

The protein encoded by this gene belongs to a small class of the protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) family. PTPs are cell signaling molecules that play regulatory roles in a variety of cellular processes. PTPs in this class contain a protein tyrosine phosphatase catalytic domain and a characteristic C-terminal prenylation motif.

This PTP has been shown to primarily associate with plasmic and endosomal membrane through its C-terminal prenylation. This PTP was found to interact with the beta-subunit of Rab geranylgeranyltransferase II (beta GGT II), and thus may function as a regulator of GGT II activity.

Overexpression of this gene in mammalian cells conferred a transformed phenotype, which suggested its role in tumorigenesis. Alternatively spliced transcript variants that encode two distinct isoforms have been described.

References

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{{cite journal |vauthors=Radke I, Götte M, Kersting C, etal |title=Expression and prognostic impact of the protein tyrosine phosphatases PRL-1, PRL-2, and PRL-3 in breast cancer |journal=Br. J. Cancer |volume=95 |issue= 3 |pages= 347–54 |year= 2006 |pmid= 16832410 |doi= 10.1038/sj.bjc.6603261 | pmc=2360632 }}
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PTP4A2

References

Further reading