PTV-N-2 Gorgon IV

{{Infobox weapon

| name = PTV-N-2 Gorgon IV
KDM Plover

| image = Gorgon IV target drone in flight c1952.jpg

| image_size = 300

| caption = A Plover target drone in flight, 1952

| origin = United States

| type = Propulsion test vehicle
Target drone

| is_missile = yes

| service = 1947–1952

| used_by = United States Navy

| designer =

| design_date = 1945–1947

| production_date =

| manufacturer = Glenn L. Martin Company

| number = 19

| spec_label =

| weight = {{convert|1589|lb}}

| length = {{convert|21|ft|8|in}}

| part_length =

| width =

| height = {{convert|4|ft|4|in}}

| diameter =

| crew =

| passengers =

| engine = one Marquardt XRJ30-MA ramjet

| engine_power = {{convert|1500|lbf|abbr=on}} thrust

| pw_ratio =

| payload_capacity =

| fuel_capacity = {{convert|116|USgal}}

| vehicle_range = {{convert|70|mi}}

| speed = Mach 0.85

| guidance = Autopilot plus radio command

| steering =

| wingspan = {{convert|10|ft}}

| propellant =

| ceiling = {{convert|35000|ft}}

| altitude =

| depth =

| boost =

| accuracy =

| launch_platform =

| transport =

}}

The PTV-N-2 Gorgon IV was a subsonic ramjet-powered missile developed by the Glenn L. Martin Company for the United States Navy. Originally intended as an air-to-surface weapon, it materialized as a propulsion test vehicle, and between 1947 and 1950 was used for test purposes and, as the KDM Plover, as a target drone.

Design and development

Development of the Gorgon IV began in May 1945, when the U.S. Navy's Bureau of Aeronautics contracted with the Glenn L. Martin Company, as part of Project Gorgon, to develop an air-to-surface missile, powered by a ramjet engine and using active radar homing for guidance. The end of World War II saw a reduction in need for such a weapon, however the contract was continued in 1946 as a propulsion test vehicle, originally designated KUM-1, then PTV-2 before finally being redesignated PTV-N-2.Parsch 2005

The PTV-N-2 was of fairly conventional design, with mildly-swept wings and a conventional empennage; roll control was through spoilerons.{{cite journal|date=January 1948|title=Navy Flies First Ram-Jet Pilotless Aircraft|journal=Naval Aviation News|publisher=Bureau of Naval Aeronautics|location=Washington, D.C.|issue=278|page=15}} The Marquardt XRJ30 ramjet engine was mounted below the aft fuselage, and the vehicle was fitted with drag brakes to prevent exceeding the engine's design limits.{{cite journal|date=July 1949|title=The Flight of Gorgon IV|journal=Flying|publisher=Ziff-Davis Publishing Company|location=Chicago|volume=45|issue=1|page=21}}

Flight control was through a combination of a preset course via autopilot and radio command guidance;Ordway and Wakeford 1960, p.182 the vehicle was equipped with radio telemetry to transmit data. Following the end of each test flight, the vehicle would deploy a parachute for recovery in the ocean; the vehicles were said to be in such good condition that it would be possible to re-fly them after cleaning them of salt water residue.{{cite journal|date=February 1949|title=Gorgon IV Sets Record for Ramjets|journal=Popular Science|publisher=Popular Science Publishing Co.|location=New York|volume=154|issue=2|page=129}}

Operational history

Nineteen PTV-N-2s were produced, with flight tests beginning in July 1947; in November, the program having adopted Northrop F2T night-fighters as launch aircraft,Kolln 2009, p.115. the Gorgon IV first achieved high-speed flight, reaching approximately Mach 0.85; it was the first ramjet-powered winged aircraft to successfully fly in the United States, and it was claimed that the missile's speed was deliberately restricted to keep it below the speed of sound. A flight time of 11 minutes 15 seconds, a record at the time for ramjets, was achieved on the second flight test.

The test program continued through December 1949, originally at the Naval Air Missile Test Center test range at Point Mugu, California; testing was later moved to the Naval Aviation Ordnance Test Station in Chincoteague, Virginia in order to be closer to Martin's factory.Flight International, [https://books.google.com/books?id=_2DmAAAAMAAJ&q=%22Gorgon+IV%22+%22Norton+Sound%22 Volume 55], [https://books.google.com/books?id=_2DmAAAAMAAJ&q=%22Gorgon+IV%22 p. 139] (1949) The Navy began a refit of {{USS|Norton Sound|AVM-1|6}} to test the feasibility of launching Gorgon IVs from an at-sea platform, however the project was cancelled before completion.{{cite web|url=https://airandspace.si.edu/collection-objects/missile-air-air-drone-and-test-gorgon-iv-also-designated-kum-1-or-pvt-n-2|title=Gorgon IV Target Drone|date=27 September 2016|website=National Air and Space Museum|publisher=Smithsonian Institution|access-date=2017-12-04|archive-date=2017-12-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171205042020/https://airandspace.si.edu/collection-objects/missile-air-air-drone-and-test-gorgon-iv-also-designated-kum-1-or-pvt-n-2|url-status=dead}} Despite this the program was considered to be "very successful" by the Navy. Following the end of the program, the remaining PTV-N-2s were assigned as target drones, given the designation KDM-1 Plover. The Gorgon IV airframe was also used as the basis of the ASM-N-5 Gorgon V chemical weapons dispenser.

Surviving aircraft

File:20180328 Gorgon IV Udvar-Hazy.jpg

A recovered Gorgon IV was donated by the U.S. Navy to the National Air and Space Museum in 1966; it is on display at the Steven F. Udvar-Hazy Center.

References

=Citations=

=Bibliography=

{{cite book|title=Northrop's Night Hunter: The P-61 Black Widow|last=Kolln|first=Jeff|year=2009|publisher=Specialty Press|location=North Branch, MN|isbn=978-1-58007-122-2}}
{{cite book|last=Ordway|first=Frederick Ira|author2=Ronald C. Wakeford|title=International Missile and Spacecraft Guide|year=1960|publisher=McGraw-Hill|location=New York|asin=B000MAEGVC}}
{{cite web|url=http://www.designation-systems.net/dusrm/app1/asm-n-5.html|title=Martin ASM-N-5 Gorgon V (and other NAMU Gorgon variants)|last=Parsch|first=Andreas|date=4 January 2005|website=Directory of U.S. Military Rockets and Missiles, Appendix 1: Early Missiles and Drones|publisher=Designation-Systems|access-date=2017-12-04}}