PWB/UNIX

{{Short description|Early variant of Unix (1977) created by Bell Labs}}

{{refimprove|date=November 2012}}

{{Infobox OS

| name = Programmer's Workbench (PWB/UNIX)

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| developer = AT&T Bell Laboratories

| family = Unix

| working state = Discontinued

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| released = {{Start date and age|1977|7|1}}

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| latest release version = 2.0

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| programmed in = C

| language = English

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| supported platforms = DEC PDP-11

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| ui = Command-line interface (PWB shell)

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The Programmer's Workbench (PWB/UNIX) was an early, now discontinued, version of the Unix operating system that had been created in the Bell Labs Computer Science Research Group of AT&T. Its stated goal was to provide a time-sharing working environment for large groups of programmers, writing software for larger batch processing computers.{{cite conference |author1=T.A. Dolotta |author2=J.R. Mashey |year=1976 |title=An introduction to the Programmer's Workbench |conference=Proc. 2nd Int'l Conf. on Software Engineering |pages=164–168}}

Prior to 1973 Unix development at AT&T was a project of a small group of researchers in Department 1127 of Bell Labs. As the usefulness of Unix in other departments of Bell Labs was evident, the company decided to develop a version of Unix tailored to support programmers in production work, not just research. The Programmer's Workbench was started in 1973,John R. Mashey (2004). [http://queue.acm.org/detail.cfm?id=1039532 Languages, Levels, Libraries, and Longevity] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090430161952/http://queue.acm.org/detail.cfm?id=1039532 |date=2009-04-30 }}. ACM Queue 2 (9). by Evan Ivie and Rudd Canaday to support a computer center for a 1000-employee Bell Labs division, which would be the largest Unix site for several years. PWB/UNIX was to provide tools for teams of programmers to manage their source code and collaborate on projects with other team members. It also introduced several stability improvements beyond Research Unix, and broadened usage of the Research nroff and troff text formatters,{{r|fiedler198310}} via efforts with Bell Labs typing pools that led to the -mm macros.

While PWB users managed their source code on PDP-11 Unix systems, programs were often written to run on other operating systems. For this reason, PWB included software for submitting jobs to IBM System/370, UNIVAC 1100 series, and SDS Sigma 5 computers. In 1977 PWB supported a user community of about 1100 users in the Business Information Systems Programs (BISP) group of Bell Labs.{{citation |author1=T.A. Dolotta |author2=R.C. Haight |author3=J.R. Mashey |year=1978 |url=http://www.alcatel-lucent.com/bstj/vol57-1978/articles/bstj57-6-2177.pdf |url-status=dead |title=Unix Time-Sharing System: The Programmer's Workbench |journal=Bell System Tech. J. |volume=57 |issue=6 |pages=2177–2200 |doi=10.1002/j.1538-7305.1978.tb02148.x |s2cid=21869088 |access-date=2012-12-14 |archive-date=2022-10-09 |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/http://www.alcatel-lucent.com/bstj/vol57-1978/articles/bstj57-6-2177.pdf }}{{cite news | url=https://archive.org/stream/byte-magazine-1983-10/1983_10_BYTE_08-10_UNIX#page/n133/mode/2up | title=The Unix Tutorial / Part 3: Unix in the Microcomputer Marketplace | work=BYTE | date=October 1983 | access-date=30 January 2015 | author=Fiedler, Ryan | pages=132}}

Two major releases of Programmer's Workbench were produced. PWB/UNIX 1.0, released July 1, 1977 was based on Version 6 Unix; PWB 2.0 was based on Version 7 Unix. The operating system was advertised by Bell System Software as late as 1981{{cite web |title=Unix Advertising |author=Dennis M. Ritchie |url=http://cm.bell-labs.com/cm/cs/who/dmr/unixad.html |access-date=17 February 2014 |website=former Bell Labs Computing and Mathematical Sciences Research |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130102004255/http://cm.bell-labs.com/cm/cs/who/dmr/unixad.html |archive-date=2 January 2013 }} and edition 1.0 was still on an AT&T price list for educational institutions in 1984.{{cite web |title=Software List for UNIX System V |url=https://www.bell-labs.com/usr/dmr/www/licenses/acprice83.pdf |date=1 September 1983 |access-date=27 April 2014 |archive-date=11 June 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150611114528/https://www.bell-labs.com/usr/dmr/www/licenses/acprice83.pdf |url-status=live }} Most of PWB/UNIX was later incorporated in the commercial UNIX System III and UNIX System V releases.