P (programming language)
{{Short description|Event-driven programming language}}
{{Infobox programming language
| name = P
| logo = P logo.png
| logo_size = 120px
| logo caption =
| paradigm =
| designer =
| developer = Ankush Desai, Vivek Gupta: not the politician, Ethan Jackson, Shaz Qadeer, Sriram Rajamani, Microsoft
| latest release version = 2.3.5
| latest release date = {{Start date and age|2025|02|19}}
| typing =
| implementations =
| dialects =
| influenced =
| operating system = Cross-platform
| year = {{Start date and age|2012}}
| turing-complete = Yes
| influenced_by =
| file ext = .p
| license = MIT License
| website = {{url|https://p-org.github.io/P/}}
}}
P is a programming language for asynchronous event-driven programming and the IoT that was developed by Microsoft and University of California, Berkeley.[https://www.infoworld.com/article/3130998/microsoft-open-sources-p-language-for-iot.html Microsoft open-sources P language for IoT]
P enables programmers to specify systems consisting of a collection of state machines that communicate asynchronously in terms of events.{{cite web |url=https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/publication/p-safe-asynchronous-event-driven-programming/ |title=P: Safe Asynchronous Event-Driven Programming |author=Ankush Desai |author2=Vivek Gupta |author3=Ethan Jackson |author4=Shaz Qadeer |author5=Sriram Rajamani |website=Microsoft |date=November 2012 |access-date=20 February 2017}} P programs can run and be analyzed on any platform supported by .NET. Additionally, P programs can generate C# and C code.
P is open source, licensed under MIT License, and available on GitHub.{{cite web|last1=Sergio De Simone|title=Microsoft Open-Sources P Language for Safe Async Event-Driven Programming|url=https://www.infoq.com/news/2016/10/microsoft-p-language-opensourced|website=InfoQ|access-date=20 October 2016}}
Example
machine BankServer
{
var database: Database;
start state Init {
entry (initialBalance: map[int, int]){
database = new Database((server = this, initialBalance = initialBalance));
goto WaitForWithdrawRequests;
}
}
state WaitForWithdrawRequests {
on eWithDrawReq do (wReq: tWithDrawReq) {
var currentBalance: int;
var response: tWithDrawResp;
// read the current account balance from the database
currentBalance = ReadBankBalance(database, wReq.accountId);
// if there is enough money in account after withdrawal
if(currentBalance - wReq.amount >= 10)
{
UpdateBankBalance(database, wReq.accountId, currentBalance - wReq.amount);
response = (status = WITHDRAW_SUCCESS, accountId = wReq.accountId, balance = currentBalance - wReq.amount, rId = wReq.rId);
}
else // not enough money after withdraw
{
response = (status = WITHDRAW_ERROR, accountId = wReq.accountId, balance = currentBalance, rId = wReq.rId);
}
// send response to the client
send wReq.source, eWithDrawResp, response;
}
}
}
See also
{{Portal|Free and open-source software}}
References
{{Reflist}}
Further reading
- P: Safe asynchronous event-driven programming. Ankush Desai, Vivek Gupta, Ethan Jackson, Shaz Qadeer, Sriram Rajamani, and Damien Zufferey. In Proceedings of ACM SIGPLAN Conference on Programming Language Design and Implementation (PLDI), 2013.
- Systematic testing of asynchronous reactive systems. Ankush Desai, Shaz Qadeer, and Sanjit A. Seshia. In Proceedings of the 2015 10th Joint Meeting on Foundations of Software Engineering (ESEC/FSE 2015).
- Building Reliable Distributed Systems With P. Ankush Desai, Ethan Jackson, Amar Phanishayee, Shaz Qadeer and Sanjit A. Seshia. University of California, Berkeley. Technical Report No. UCB/EECS-2015-198.
External links
- {{Official website|https://p-org.github.io/P/}}
- {{URL|https://github.com/p-org/P|Source code on GitHub}}
- [https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/publication/p-safe-asynchronous-event-driven-programming/ P: Safe Asynchronous Event-Driven Programming]
- [https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/blog/p-programming-language-asynchrony/ P: A programming language designed for asynchrony, fault-tolerance and uncertainty]
{{Programming languages}}
{{Microsoft FOSS}}
{{Microsoft development tools}}
{{Microsoft Research}}
Category:Free and open-source software
Category:Microsoft free software
Category:Microsoft programming languages
Category:Programming languages created in 2012
Category:Software using the MIT license
Category:Systems programming languages
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