Paʼa language

{{Infobox language

|name=Paʼa

|altname=Afa

|nativename=Fucaka

|states=Nigeria

|region=Bauchi State

|speakers=8,000

|date=1995

|ref=e18

|familycolor=Afro-Asiatic

|fam2=Chadic

|fam3=West Chadic

|fam4=Bade–Warji

|fam5=Warji (B.2)

|iso3=pqa

|glotto=paaa1242

|glottorefname=Pa'a

}}

{{Infobox ethnonym|person=FuCiki{{Cite book|title=An Atlas of Nigerian Languages|last=Blench|first=Roger|publisher=Kay Williamson Educational Foundation|year=2019|edition=4th|location=Cambridge}}|people=Foni|language=FuCaka|root=}}

Paʼa, also known as Afa (Afawa) or Fucaka (autonym), is an Afro-Asiatic language spoken in Bauchi State, Nigeria.

Phonology

class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" \|+Consonants{{cite thesis \|last=Skinner\|first=Margaret Gardner \|date=1979\|title=Aspects of Pa'anci Grammar \|degree=PhD \|publisher=University of Wisconsin-Madison}} !rowspan="2"\| !rowspan="2"\|Labial !colspan="2"\|Alveolar !rowspan="2"\|Palatal !colspan="2"\|Velar !colspan="3"\|Glottal
plain !lateral !plain !labialized !plain !labialized !palatalized
Plosive \|{{IPA link\|p}} {{IPA link\|b}} \|{{IPA link\|t}} {{IPA link\|d}} \| \|{{IPA link\|c}} {{IPA link\|ɟ}} \|{{IPA link\|k}} {{IPA link\|g}} \|{{IPA link\|kʷ}} {{IPA link\|gʷ}} \|{{IPA link\|ʔ}} \| \|
Prenasalized \|{{IPA link\|ᵐb}} \|{{IPA link\|ⁿd}} \| \|{{IPA link\|ⁿɟ}} \|{{IPA link\|ᵑg}} \|{{IPA link\|ᵑgʷ}} \| \| \|
Implosive \|{{IPA link\|ɓ}} \|{{IPA link\|ɗ}} \| \| \| \| \| \|
Ejective \| \|{{IPA link\|s’}} \|{{IPA link\|ɬ’}} \| \|{{IPA link\|k’}} \|{{IPA link\|kʷ’}} \| \| \|
Fricative \|{{IPA link\|f}} {{IPA link\|v}} \|{{IPA link\|s}} {{IPA link\|z}} \|{{IPA link\|ɬ}} {{IPA link\|ɮ}} \|{{IPA link\|ʃ}} {{IPA link\|ʒ}} \| \| \|{{IPA link\|h}} {{IPA link\|ɦ}} \|{{IPA link\|hʷ}} {{IPA link\|ɦʷ}} \|{{IPA link\|hʲ}} {{IPA link\|ɦʲ}}
Nasal \|{{IPA link\|m}} \|{{IPA link\|n}} \| \| \| \| \| \| \|
Approximant \| \|{{IPA link\|r}} \|{{IPA link\|l}} \|{{IPA link\|j}}, {{IPA link\|ˀj}} \| \|{{IPA link\|w}} \| \| \|

class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"

|+Consonants{{cite thesis |last=Skinner|first=Margaret Gardner |date=1979|title=Aspects of Pa'anci Grammar |degree=PhD |publisher=University of Wisconsin-Madison}}

!rowspan="2"|

!rowspan="2"|Labial

!colspan="2"|Alveolar

!rowspan="2"|Palatal

!colspan="2"|Velar

!colspan="3"|Glottal

plain

!plain

!plain

|{{IPA link|p}} {{IPA link|b}}

|{{IPA link|t}} {{IPA link|d}}

|{{IPA link|c}} {{IPA link|ɟ}}

|{{IPA link|k}} {{IPA link|g}}

|{{IPA link|kʷ}} {{IPA link|gʷ}}

|{{IPA link|ʔ}}

Prenasalized

|{{IPA link|ᵐb}}

|{{IPA link|ⁿd}}

|{{IPA link|ⁿɟ}}

|{{IPA link|ᵑg}}

|{{IPA link|ᵑgʷ}}

Implosive

|{{IPA link|ɓ}}

|{{IPA link|ɗ}}

Ejective

|{{IPA link|s’}}

|{{IPA link|ɬ’}}

|{{IPA link|k’}}

|{{IPA link|kʷ’}}

Fricative

|{{IPA link|f}} {{IPA link|v}}

|{{IPA link|s}} {{IPA link|z}}

|{{IPA link|ɬ}} {{IPA link|ɮ}}

|{{IPA link|ʃ}} {{IPA link|ʒ}}

|{{IPA link|h}} {{IPA link|ɦ}}

|{{IPA link|hʷ}} {{IPA link|ɦʷ}}

|{{IPA link|hʲ}} {{IPA link|ɦʲ}}

Nasal

|{{IPA link|m}}

|{{IPA link|n}}

Approximant

|{{IPA link|r}}

|{{IPA link|l}}

|{{IPA link|j}}, {{IPA link|ˀj}}

|{{IPA link|w}}

class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" \|+Vowels ! !Front !Central !Back
High \|{{IPA link\|i}} {{IPA link\|iː}} \| \|{{IPA link\|u}} {{IPA link\|uː}}
Mid \|{{IPA link\|e}} {{IPA link\|eː}} \| \|{{IPA link\|o}} {{IPA link\|oː}}
Low \| \|{{IPA link\|a}} {{IPA link\|aː}} \|

class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"

|+Vowels

|{{IPA link|i}} {{IPA link|iː}}

|{{IPA link|u}} {{IPA link|uː}}

Mid

|{{IPA link|e}} {{IPA link|eː}}

|{{IPA link|o}} {{IPA link|oː}}

Low

|{{IPA link|a}} {{IPA link|aː}}

Additionally, the following diphthongs are recorded: /ei/, /au/.

Pa'a also has four tones; high, mid, low, and falling.

Notes

Category:Languages of Nigeria

Category:West Chadic languages