Pachystoma
{{Short description|Genus of orchids}}
{{Italic title}}
{{Automatic taxobox
| name = Kunai orchids
| image = Pachystoma pubescens P1150175 05.jpg
| image_caption = Pachystoma pubescens in the Namdapha Tiger Reserve
| display_parents = 2
| taxon = Pachystoma
| authority = Blume{{cite web |title=Pachystoma |url=https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:30229-1 |publisher=Plants of the World Online |access-date=15 November 2022}}
| synonyms =
- Pachychilus Blume
- Apaturia Lindl.
}}
Pachystoma, commonly known as kunai orchids{{cite book|last1=Jones|first1=David L.|title=A complete guide to native orchids of Australia including the island territories|date=2006|publisher=New Holland|location=Frenchs Forest, N.S.W.|isbn=1877069124|pages =360–361}} or 粉口兰属 (fen kou lan shu),{{cite web |last1=Chen |first1=Xinqi |last2=Wood |first2=Jeffrey J.|title=Pachystoma |url=http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=123633|publisher=Flora of China |accessdate=28 October 2018}} is a genus of two species of flowering plants in the orchid family, Orchidaceae. They are deciduous, terrestrial herbs with one or two linear, pleated or veiny leaves and more or less drooping flowers which do not open widely, on a thin, wiry flowering stem. Species in this genus are found in tropical and subtropical Asia to Australia and islands of the southwest Pacific Ocean.
Description
Orchids in the genus Pachystoma are deciduous, terrestrial herbs with a branching underground rhizome and one or two linear, papery, pleated or veiny leaves. A thin, wiry flowering stem bears smallish, pink drooping flowers that are hairy on the outside. The sepals and petals are similar in size and shape, the lateral sepals having a hump at their base. The labellum has three lobes, the middle lobe projecting forwards and the side lobes unusually large.{{cite web |author1=D.L.Jones |author2=T.Hopley |author3=S.M.Duffy |author1-link=David L. Jones (botanist) |year=2010 |access-date=28 May 2021 |url=http://www.canbr.gov.au/cpbr/cd-keys/RFKOrchids/key/rfkorchids/Media/Html/genera/Pachystoma.htm |title=Pachystoma |website=Australian Tropical Rainforest Orchids |publisher=Centre for Australian National Biodiversity Research (CANBR), Australian Government}}
Taxonomy and naming
The genus Pachystoma was first formally described in 1825 by Carl Ludwig Blume and the description was published in Bijdragen tot de Flora van Nederlandsch Indie.{{cite web|title=Pachystoma|url= https://id.biodiversity.org.au/instance/apni/541410|publisher=APNI|accessdate=28 October 2018}}{{cite book |last1=Blume |first1=Carl Ludwig |title=Bijdragen tot de Flora van Nederlandsch Indi |date=1825 |location=Batavia |page=376 |url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/9224#page/94/mode/1up |accessdate=28 October 2018}} The name Pachystoma is derived from the Ancient Greek words pachys meaning "thick"{{cite book|last1=Brown|first1=Roland Wilbur|title=The Composition of Scientific Words|date=1956|publisher=Smithsonian Institution Press|location=Washington, D.C.}}{{rp|853}} and stoma meaning "mouth",{{rp|754}} apparently referring to a thickened callus on the labellum.
=Species=
As of November 2022, Plants of the World Online lists the following two species of Pachystoma:
- Pachystoma nutans S.C.Chen & Y.B.Luo - Myanmar{{WCSP | 256402 | Pachystoma nutans}}
- Pachystoma pubescens Blume - between tropical and subtropical Asia to the southwest Pacific{{WCSP | 145381 | Pachystoma pubescens}}
In 1879, Heinrich Gustav Reichenbach described Pachystoma thomsonianum in The Gardeners' Chronicle,{{cite journal |last1=Reichenbach |first1=Heinrich G. |title=New Garden Plants |journal=The Gardeners Chronicle |date=1879 |volume=12 |page=582 |url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/84204#page/598/mode/1up |access-date=15 November 2022}} now known as Ancistrochilus thomsonianus (Rchb.f.) Rolfe.{{cite web |title=Ancistrochilus thomsonianus |url=https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:615794-1#synonyms |publisher=Plants of the World Online |access-date=15 November 2022}} The specific epithet (thomsonianus) honours the Victorian botanist George Thomson.{{cite book |last1=Veitch |first1=James Herbert |title=A History of the Rise and Progress of the Nurseries of Messrs. James Veitch and Sons, Together with an Account of the Botanical Collectors and Hybridists Employed by Them and a List of The Most Remarkable of Their Introductions |date=1906 |page=147 |publisher=J. Veitch & sons |location=London |url=https://archive.org/details/hortusveitchiihi00veitrich/page/146/mode/2up?q=Pachystoma |accessdate=15 November 2022}}
References
{{Reflist}}
External links
- {{Commons-inline|Pachystoma|Pachystoma}}
- [http://www.orchidspecies.com/pachypubescens.htm The Internet Orchid Species Photo Encyclopedia - Pachystoma pubescens]
{{Taxonbar|from=Q3241804}}