Pacific Spaceport Complex – Alaska

{{Short description|Commercial rocket launch facility in Alaska}}

{{Infobox launch pad

| image = Athena 1 rocket launching from Kodiak Island 2.jpg

| caption = Athena I vehicle with Kodiak Star mission outside the Launch Service Structure in 2001

| location = Kodiak Island, Alaska
United States

| coordinates = {{Coord|57|26|07|N|152|20|24|W|type:landmark_region:US-AK|display=inline,title}}

| operator = Alaska Aerospace Corporation (Government of Alaska)

| paddetails = {{Infobox launch pad/pad

|launches = 31

|first_launch = 6 November 1998

|last_launch = 10 January 2023

|rockets = Athena I, Minotaur IV, Astra Rocket, RS1

}} {{Infobox launch pad/pad

| designation = Launch Pad 1

| launches = 4

| first_launch = 30 September 2001

| first_details = Athena I

| last_launch = 21 October 2021

| last_details = Unknown

| rockets = Athena I
Minotaur IV

}} {{Infobox launch pad/pad

| designation = Launch Pad 3B

| launches = 5

| first_launch = 12 September 2020

| first_details = Rocket 3.0

| last_launch = 15 March 2022

| last_details = Rocket 3.3

| rockets = Rocket 3

}} {{Infobox launch pad/pad

| designation = Launch Pad 3C

| launches = 1

| first_launch = 10 January 2023

| first_details = RS1

| rockets = RS1

}}

The Pacific Spaceport Complex – Alaska (PSCA), formerly known as the Kodiak Launch Complex (KLC), is a dual-use commercial and military spaceport for sub-orbital and orbital launch vehicles. The facility is owned and operated by the Alaska Aerospace Corporation, a corporation owned by the government of Alaska, and is located on Kodiak Island in Alaska.

The spaceport opened in 1998 and has supported 31 (up to January 2023) launches, most of those for the U.S. government. The site was closed for two years following a launch failure that caused significant damage to parts of the spaceport. It reopened in August 2016.

History

Following the incorporation of the Alaska Aerospace Development Corporation in 1991 by the Alaska state legislature, plans were begun for the spaceport, known during development as the Alaska Orbital Launch Complex. Construction on the site began in January 1998, and the first launch took place in August 1998 from temporary accommodations at the site.{{Cite conference |last=Waite |first=Arthur C. |last2=DeLuna |first2=Alan T. |date=2012 |title=Kodiak Launch Complex (KLC) – aka – Alaska Orbital Launch Complex (AOLC) History and Lessons |url=http://www.spaceops2012.org/proceedings/documents/id1295313-Paper-002.pdf |conference=SpaceOps 2012. 11–15 June 2012. Stockholm, Sweden |doi=10.2514/6.2012-1295313 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304094345/http://www.spaceops2012.org/proceedings/documents/id1295313-Paper-002.pdf |archive-date=4 March 2016 |access-date=1 September 2016 |url-status=dead}}

After a launch failure in August 2014 damaged the launch tower, payload processing facility and integrated processing facility, Alaska Aerospace made plans to repair and upgrade the facilities to support larger rockets, but Governor Bill Walker stopped work in December 2014 as part of an order to address a state budget shortfall. Repairs to the facility were funded by state insurance at a cost of US$26–29 million.{{Cite news |last=Toldanes |first=Roni |date=20 April 2015 |title='Pacific Spaceport Complex Alaska' courts new customers |work=Alaska Dispatch News |url=http://www.adn.com/economy/article/pacific-spaceport-complex-alaska-courts-new-customers/2015/04/20/ |url-status=live |access-date=31 August 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160829031739/http://www.adn.com/economy/article/pacific-spaceport-complex-alaska-courts-new-customers/2015/04/20/ |archive-date=29 August 2016}} During efforts to repair the facilities, the spaceport was formally renamed to "Pacific Spaceport Complex – Alaska" in an announcement made on 14 April 2015.{{Cite news |date=14 April 2015 |title=Name change announced for rocket launch complex on Kodiak |work=Alaska Dispatch News |agency=Associated Press |url=http://www.adn.com/alaska-news/article/name-change-announced-rocket-launch-complex-kodiak/2015/04/15/ |url-status=live |access-date=31 August 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160911225857/http://www.adn.com/alaska-news/article/name-change-announced-rocket-launch-complex-kodiak/2015/04/15/ |archive-date=11 September 2016}} The facility was formally re-dedicated on 13 August 2016, to celebrate the completion of repairs.{{Cite news |last=Chambers |first=George |date=25 August 2016 |title=Kodiak Island spaceport reopens following 2014 launch failure |work=NASASpaceFlight.com |url=https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2016/08/kodiak-spaceport-reopens-2014-failure/ |url-status=live |access-date=31 August 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160826191524/https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2016/08/kodiak-spaceport-reopens-2014-failure/ |archive-date=26 August 2016}}

In mid-2016, the Alaska Aerospace Corporation "signed a multi-year contract with the Missile Defense Agency (MDA) for multiple launches from the PSCA through 2021". The arrangement includes a sole-source contract for two flight tests of the Terminal High Altitude Area Defense (THAAD) system. Two private companies, Rocket Lab and Vector Space Systems, were considering using the spaceport for commercial launches as early as 2019. Another private company, Eclipse Orbital, was working with the Alaska Aerospace Corporation to prepare for flight operations of their "Corona" launch vehicle in 2020. As of 2022, however, none of these companies have launched anything from Alaska.

Indian private space company Agnikul Cosmos signed a memorandum of agreement with Alaska Aerospace Corporation to test launch their Agnibaan rocket from the Pacific Spaceport Complex. The launch from Alaska was expected to take place from 2022 onwards. Under the agreement, Alaska Aerospace and AgniKul will work together to secure several regulatory approvals including US Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) launch licensing, US export control, and will comply with export laws & regulations in India to receive necessary clearances from the Indian authorities as well. The aim is to define launch vehicle-spaceport interfaces, related procedures and conduct at least one test launch from PSCA.{{Cite web |title=Agnibaan rocket by Indian start-up to be test launched from Alaska, USA |url=https://www.wionews.com/india-news/agnibaan-rocket-by-indian-start-up-to-be-test-launched-from-alaska-usa-331475 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201002140928/https://www.wionews.com/india-news/agnibaan-rocket-by-indian-start-up-to-be-test-launched-from-alaska-usa-331475 |archive-date=2 October 2020 |access-date=30 September 2020 |website=WION}}

On 19 November 2021, Astra's LV0007 rocket achieved orbit from the Pacific Spaceport Complex.

Launch facilities

The Kodiak spaceport has two launch pads with a mission control center that includes 64 workstations with high-speed communications and data links. There is a clean room for preparing satellites for launch, a fully enclosed 17-story-tall rocket assembly building and two independent range and telemetry systems. The complex sits on {{convert|3700|acre|km2}} of state-owned land. Launch pad 1 is designed for orbital launches, while launch pad 2 is intended for sub-orbital launches.

In 2010, Alaska Aerospace Corp. developed a concept plan for a third launch pad, which would allow the facility to support quick launches of satellites: under 24 hours to launch from "go ahead".{{update after|2019|12|11}}

Launch history

The first orbital launch from the PSCA was an Athena I rocket which carried out the Kodiak Star mission for NASA and the Space Test Program, launching Starshine 3, Sapphire, PCSat, and PICOSatS on 30 September 2001.

class="wikitable sortable" \|+ Launches from Kodiak Launch Complex ! No. !! Date (UTC) !! Vehicle !! Payload !! Pad !! Orbital/Suborbital !! Result !! width="30%"\|Remarks
align="center" \| 1	{{dts\|format=dmy\|1998-11-06}} 01:32	First stage: Aerojet SR-19-AJ-1 Second stage: Hercules M57A1	{{abbr\|ait-1\|atmospheric interceptor technology}}	LP-2	Suborbital	{{Success}}	Mission for the U.S. Air Force. Carried various experiments and instruments, including a "Global Positioning System antenna, Honeywell GPS Measure Unit, Electromagnetic Radio Tomography experiment, Langmuir probe and an Air Force nosetip".
align="center" \| 2	{{nowrap\| {{dts\|format=dmy\|1999-09-15}}}} 21:00	First stage: Castor 4B Second stage: Hercules M57A1	{{abbr\|ait-2\|atmospheric interceptor technology}}	LP-2	Suborbital	{{Success}}{{Cite web \|date=20 April 2011 \|title=A Diversified, Sustainable Aerospace Industry for Alaska Strategic Plan 2011-2016 \|url=http://akaerospace.com/sites/default/files/reports/AAC%20Strategic%20Plan%202011-2016.pdf \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190303095639/http://www.akaerospace.com/sites/default/files/reports/AAC%20Strategic%20Plan%202011-2016.pdf \|archive-date=3 March 2019 \|access-date=12 February 2018 \|publisher=Alaska Aerospace Corporation}}	Mission for the U.S. Air Force. Carried various experiments and instruments, including a Langmuir probe, the Boston Rocket Ionospheric Tomography Experiment, an interceptor seeker, and calibration equipment.
align="center" \| 3	{{dts\|format=dmy\|2001-03-22}}{{Cite web \|date=18 December 2001 \|title=State of Alaska: FY2003 Governor's Operating Budget \|url=https://www.omb.alaska.gov/ombfiles/03_budget/DCCED/comp2362.pdf \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161227103834/https://www.omb.alaska.gov/ombfiles/03_budget/DCCED/comp2362.pdf \|archive-date=27 December 2016 \|access-date=12 February 2018 \|publisher=Alaska Office of Management & Budget \|page=2 \|quote=US Air Force QRLV 1: Successful launch March 22, 2001.}} {{PD-notice}}	Aries 47	{{abbr\|QRLV\|Quick Reaction Launch Vehicle}}-1	LP-2	Suborbital	{{Success}}	Mission for the U.S. Air Force.
align="center" \| 4	{{dts\|format=dmy\|2001-09-30}} 02:40	Athena I (LM-001)	{{Unbulleted list \| Starshine 3 \| SAPPHIRE \| PCSat \| PicoSAT }}	LP-1	Orbital	{{Success}}	Kodiak Star mission for Lockheed/NASA; first orbital launch from Kodiak.
align="center" \| 5	{{dts\|format=dmy\|2001-11-09}} 18:12	Polaris A-3 {{abbr\|STARS\|Strategic Target System}}-1		LP-2	Suborbital	{{Failure}}	West Coast Risk-Reduction Flight (WCRRF) for the U.S. Army. Rocket exploded 56 seconds after launch.
align="center" \| 6	{{dts\|format=dmy\|2002-04-24}}{{Cite web \|date=25 April 2002 \|title=Air Force Launches Rocket From Kodiak Island \|url=http://www.defense-aerospace.com/articles-view/release/3/9783/usaf-launches-qrlv_2-from-alaska-base-(apr.26).html \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180213135050/http://www.defense-aerospace.com/articles-view/release/3/9783/usaf-launches-qrlv_2-from-alaska-base-(apr.26).html \|archive-date=13 February 2018 \|access-date=12 February 2018 \|website=Defense-aerospace.com \|quote=An Air Force and aerospace industry team successfully launched a quick reaction launch vehicle here on April 24. \|agency=U.S. Department of Defense}}	Aries 49	QRLV-2	LP-2	Suborbital	{{Success}}	Mission for the U.S. Air Force.
align="center" \| 7	{{dts\|format=dmy\|2004-12-15}} 04:45	Polaris A-3 STARS-1		LP-2	Suborbital	{{Failure}}	{{abbr\|IFT\|Integrated Flight Test}}-13c mission for Missile Defense Agency (MDA). Target successfully launched from Kodiak, but interceptor failed to launch from Kwajalein.
align="center" \| 8	{{dts\|format=dmy\|2005-02-14}} 06:22	Polaris A-3 STARS-1		LP-2	Suborbital	{{Failure}}	IFT-14 mission for MDA. Target successfully launched from Kodiak, but interceptor failed to launch from Kwajalein.
align="center" \| 9	{{dts\|format=dmy\|2006-02-23}} 16:09	Polaris A-3 STARS-1		LP-2	Suborbital	{{Success}}	{{abbr\|FTX\|Flight Test Other}}-01 mission for MDA.
align="center" \| 10	{{dts\|format=dmy\|2006-09-01}} 17:22	Polaris A-3 STARS-1		LP-2	Suborbital	{{Success}}	{{abbr\|FTG\|Flight Test Ground-Based Interceptor}}-02 mission for MDA. Both the target at Kodiak and interceptor at Kwajalein successfully launched.
align="center" \| 11	{{dts\|format=dmy\|2007-05-25}} 14:15	Polaris A-3 STARS-1		LP-2	Suborbital	{{Failure}}	FTG-03 mission for MDA. Target missile from Kodiak flew off course and interceptor was not launched.
align="center" \| 12	{{dts\|format=dmy\|2007-09-28}} 20:01	Polaris A-3 STARS-1		LP-2	Suborbital	{{Success}}	FTG-03a mission for MDA. Successful intercept.
align="center" \| 13	{{dts\|format=dmy\|2008-07-18}} 22:47	Polaris A-3 STARS-1		LP-2	Suborbital	{{Success}}	FTX-03 mission for MDA. Target launched from Kodiak was tracked by land-based, sea-based and space-based tracking systems. Navy and Air Force units simulated interceptor shootdowns.
align="center" \| 14	{{dts\|format=dmy\|2008-12-05}} 20:04	Polaris A-3 STARS-1		LP-2	Suborbital	{{Success}}	FTG-05 mission for MDA. Successful intercept of a target launched from Kodiak by an interceptor launched from Vandenberg Air Force Base.
align="center" \| 15	{{dts\|format=dmy\|2010-11-20}} 01:25	Minotaur IV	{{Unbulleted list\|STPSAT-2 \| FASTRAC-A \| FASTRAC-B \| FalconSat-5 \| FASTSAT \| O/OREOS \| RAX \| NanoSail-D2 }}	LP-1	Orbital	{{Success}}	STP-S26 mission for the U.S. Air Force. Included a Hydrazine Auxiliary Propulsion System (HAPS) to move vehicle to a secondary orbit after ejecting payloads.
align="center" \| 16	{{dts\|format=dmy\|2011-09-27}} 15:49	Minotaur IV+	TacSat-4	LP-1	Orbital	{{Success}}	Mission for the U.S. Air Force.
align="center" \| 17	{{dts\|format=dmy\|2014-08-25}} ~08:00	Polaris STARS IV	Advanced Hypersonic Weapon	LP-2	Suborbital	{{Failure}}	Flight Test 2 for the U.S. Army's AHW program. Flight terminated by range safety four seconds after launch due to rocket anomaly. Kodiak's LP-1 launch tower, payload processing facility, and integrated processing facility suffered damage due to the termination.
align="center" \| 18	June 2017	Unknown	Unknown	Unknown	Suborbital	Unknown	FTT-18 mission for the MDA{{Cite web \|title=Launch Manifest {{!}} Alaska Aerospace \|url=https://www.akaerospace.com/about/launch-manifest \|url-status=dead \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181205112325/http://akaerospace.com/about/launch-manifest \|archive-date=5 December 2018}}
align="center" \| 19	July 2017	Unknown	Unknown	Unknown	Suborbital	Unknown	FET-01 mission for the MDA
align="center" \| 20	20 July 2018	Astra Rocket 1.0	Unknown	LP-2	Suborbital	{{Failure}}	P120 mission for a commercial sponsor Astra
align="center" \| 21	29 November 2018	Astra Rocket 2.0	Unknown	LP-2	Suborbital	{{Failure}}	Private commercial mission {{Cite web \|title=Archived copy \|url=https://www.akaerospace.com/sites/default/files/reports/2018%20AAC%20Annual%20Report.pdf \|url-status=dead \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190819035553/http://www.akaerospace.com/sites/default/files/reports/2018%20AAC%20Annual%20Report.pdf \|archive-date=19 August 2019 \|access-date=14 December 2019}} for Astra
align="center" \| 22	26 July 2019	Arrow III		LP-2	Suborbital	{{Success}}	In a joint Israeli-American test conducted by the Israeli Air Force and Missile Defense Agency, the Arrow 3 system successfully intercepted 3 "enemy" rockets, one of them outside the atmosphere. The tests demonstrated Arrow 3's ability to intercept exo-atmospheric targets.{{Cite news \|last=Judson \|first=Jen \|date=28 July 2019 \|title=US, Israel's Arrow-3 missile put to the test in Alaska \|work=Defense News \|url=https://www.defensenews.com/pentagon/2019/07/28/us-israels-arrow-3-missile-put-to-the-test-in-alaska \|url-status=live \|access-date=29 July 2019 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230111222214/https://www.defensenews.com/pentagon/2019/07/28/us-israels-arrow-3-missile-put-to-the-test-in-alaska/ \|archive-date=11 January 2023}}{{Cite news \|last=Ahronheim \|first=Anna \|date=29 July 2019 \|title=Israel, U.S. carry out successful test of Arrow-3 missile over Alaska \|work=Jerusalem Post \|url=https://www.jpost.com/Middle-East/Israel-US-carry-out-successful-test-of-Arrow-3-missile-over-Alaska-596979 \|url-status=live \|access-date=29 July 2019 \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190728091621/https://www.jpost.com/Middle-East/Israel-US-carry-out-successful-test-of-Arrow-3-missile-over-Alaska-596979 \|archive-date=28 July 2019}}
align="center" \| 23	26 July 2019	Arrow III		LP-2	Suborbital	{{Success}}	In a joint Israeli-American test conducted by the Israeli Air Force and Missile Defense Agency, the Arrow 3 system successfully intercepted 3 "enemy" rockets, one of them outside the atmosphere. The tests demonstrated Arrow 3's ability to intercept exo-atmospheric targets.
align="center" \| 24	26 July 2019	Arrow III		LP-2	Suborbital	{{Success}}	In a joint Israeli-American test conducted by the Israeli Air Force and Missile Defense Agency, the Arrow 3 system successfully intercepted 3 "enemy" rockets, one of them outside the atmosphere. The tests demonstrated Arrow 3's ability to intercept exo-atmospheric targets.
align="center" \| 25	12 September 2020 03:19	Rocket 3		LP-3B{{Cite web \|date=2 August 2020 \|title=Rocket 3.1 And Astra's Path To Orbit \|url=https://astra.com/blog/rocket-3-1/ \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201023010124/https://astra.com/blog/rocket-3-1/ \|archive-date=23 October 2020 \|access-date=14 September 2020 \|website=Astra \|language=en-US}}	Orbital	{{Failure}}	First test mission for the Astra Rocket 3.{{Cite web \|last=Berger \|first=Eric \|date=14 September 2020 \|title=Astra finally launches its first orbital rocket, and it flew for 30 seconds \|url=https://arstechnica.com/science/2020/09/astra-finally-launches-its-first-orbital-rocket-and-it-flew-for-30-seconds/ \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200914161206/https://arstechnica.com/science/2020/09/astra-finally-launches-its-first-orbital-rocket-and-it-flew-for-30-seconds/ \|archive-date=14 September 2020 \|access-date=14 September 2020 \|website=Ars Technica \|language=en-us}}
align="center" \| 26	15 December 2020 20:55	Rocket 3		LP-3B	Orbital	{{Failure}}	Second test mission for the Astra Rocket 3, reaching all planned objectives (count and liftoff; reaching Max Q; nominal first-stage engine cutoff) but not making it into orbit.{{Cite web \|date=16 December 2020 \|title=Launch startup Astra's rocket reaches space \|url=https://techcrunch.com/2020/12/15/launch-startup-astras-rocket-reaches-space-for-the-first-time/?tpcc=ECTW2020&guccounter=1&guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly90LmNvLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAKbIqS6o7-LttA5Lb5y5NEEq6keTsYFeD9R15jM5K96DpNMR1rfZ39aZAP_nba7ySeHqgdmbSpHCtXZ5qnRN5pMtQIB_SLhKStnHTPour-tP-xYvi5RmPtymVo66NsePFkUKqD6lt3zfKWEKB-N5L0ou8qzwrvSJUsGFh_333-W8 \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230111222213/https://techcrunch.com/2020/12/15/launch-startup-astras-rocket-reaches-space-for-the-first-time/?tpcc=ECTW2020&guccounter=1&guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly90LmNvLw&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAKbIqS6o7-LttA5Lb5y5NEEq6keTsYFeD9R15jM5K96DpNMR1rfZ39aZAP_nba7ySeHqgdmbSpHCtXZ5qnRN5pMtQIB_SLhKStnHTPour-tP-xYvi5RmPtymVo66NsePFkUKqD6lt3zfKWEKB-N5L0ou8qzwrvSJUsGFh_333-W8 \|archive-date=11 January 2023 \|access-date=16 December 2020 \|website=Tech Crunch \|language=en-US}}
align="center" \| 27	28 August 2021 22:35	Rocket 3	STP-27AD1	LP-3B	Orbital	{{Failure}}	First commercial Rocket 3 launch, and first of two demonstration launches for the U.S. Space Force. The rocket was terminated at main engine cut-off due to anomalies during flight.{{Cite web \|last=Burghardt \|first=Thomas \|date=28 August 2021 \|title=Astra's third orbital launch attempt ends with LV0006 mishap \|url=https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2021/08/astra-third-orbital-attempt-lv0006/ \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210828225530/https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2021/08/astra-third-orbital-attempt-lv0006/ \|archive-date=28 August 2021 \|access-date=28 August 2021 \|website=NASASpaceFlight}}
align="center" \| 28	21 October 2021	Unknown	FT-3	LP-1	Suborbital	{{Failure}}	Hypersonic Flight Test-3. Launch failed due to booster failure.{{Cite web \|last=Trevithick \|first=Joseph \|date=21 October 2021 \|title=U.S. Long-Range Hypersonic Weapon Test Fails (Updated) \|url=https://www.thedrive.com/the-war-zone/42837/new-u-s-long-range-hypersonic-weapon-test-fails-updated \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211022001819/https://www.thedrive.com/the-war-zone/42837/new-u-s-long-range-hypersonic-weapon-test-fails-updated \|archive-date=22 October 2021 \|access-date=22 October 2021 \|website=The Drive}}
align="center" \| 29	20 November 2021 06:16	Rocket 3	STP-27AD2	LP-3B	Orbital	{{Success}}	Second of two demonstration launches for the U.S. Space Force and first Rocket 3 successful launch.{{Cite web \|last=Burghardt \|first=Thomas \|date=20 November 2021 \|title=Astra successfully makes orbit on fourth attempt \|url=https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2021/11/astra-fourth-orbital-attempt/ \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211120110445/https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2021/11/astra-fourth-orbital-attempt/ \|archive-date=20 November 2021 \|access-date=20 November 2021 \|website=NASASpaceFlight.com}}
align="center" \| 30	15 March 2022 16:22	Rocket 3	S4 CROSSOVER, OreSat0, SpaceBEE × 16	LP-3B	Orbital	{{Success}}	S4 CROSSOVER remained attached to the second stage, which was intended.{{Cite web \|last=Davenport \|first=Justin \|date=14 March 2022 \|title=Astra successfully returns to flight with mission for Spaceflight Inc. \|url=https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2022/03/astra-return-to-flight/ \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220314212642/https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2022/03/astra-return-to-flight/ \|archive-date=14 March 2022 \|access-date=15 March 2022 \|website=NASASpaceFlight}}
align="center" \| 31	10 January 2023 23:27	RS1	VariSat-1A, 1B	LP-3C	Orbital	{{Failure}}	Maiden flight of RS1 and first launch from LP-3C. The launch resulted in a failure.{{Cite web \|last=Foust \|first=Jeff \|date=11 January 2023 \|title=First ABL Space Systems launch fails \|url=https://spacenews.com/first-abl-space-systems-launch-fails/ \|access-date=15 January 2023 \|website=SpaceNews \|language=en-US}}

Additional sources: Center for Defense Information, Missile Defense Agency

The list above contains all launches, orbital and suborbital, up to January 2023.

References

{{Reflist|refs=

{{Cite web |year=2009 |title=History and Organization |url=http://www.akaerospace.com/history.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110707101926/http://www.akaerospace.com/history.html |archive-date=7 July 2011 |access-date=26 April 2010 |website=Alaska Aerospace Corporation}}

{{Cite web |date=April 2010 |title=Kodiak Readies for Quick Launch |url=http://video.aviationweek.com/?fr_story=79de6a57e6c5f464b63870eed8c6162caeeac501&rf=bm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131203132635/http://video.aviationweek.com/?fr_story=79de6a57e6c5f464b63870eed8c6162caeeac501&rf=bm |archive-date=3 December 2013 |access-date=26 April 2010 |website=Aviation Week}}

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{{Cite web |last=Krebs |first=Gunter |title=SR-19 M-57A1 |url=http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau/sr19_m57a1.htm |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141022104737/http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau/sr19_m57a1.htm |archive-date=22 October 2014 |access-date=22 October 2014 |website=Gunter's Space Page}}

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External links

[https://akaerospace.com/spaceports/ Pacific Spaceport Complex – Alaska website] by the Alaska Aerospace Corporation
[http://library.state.ak.us/asp/edocs/annual/ocm34242532/index.html Alaska Aerospace Development Corporation Annual Reports] from 2002 to present hosted by the [https://web.archive.org/web/20071012120420/http://library.state.ak.us/asp/ Alaska State Publications Program].
[http://library.state.ak.us/asp/edocs/2006/07/ocm70700200.pdf Economic impact of the Alaska Aerospace Development Corporation on the Kodiak Island Borough and the State of Alaska 2006] hosted by the [https://web.archive.org/web/20071012120420/http://library.state.ak.us/asp/ Alaska State Publications Program].
[http://library.state.ak.us/asp/edocs/2007/04/ocn123194343.pdf Environmental monitoring report, FTG-02 launch : Kodiak Launch Complex, Kodiak, Alaska / prepared for Alaska Aerospace Development Corporation (2007)] hosted by the [https://web.archive.org/web/20071012120420/http://library.state.ak.us/asp/ Alaska State Publications Program].
[http://library.state.ak.us/asp/edocs/2006/07/ocm70890748.pdf Environmental monitoring report, FT-04-1 launch : Kodiak Launch Complex, Kodiak, Alaska (2006)] hosted by the [https://web.archive.org/web/20071012120420/http://library.state.ak.us/asp/ Alaska State Publications Program].

Category:1998 establishments in Alaska

Category:Buildings and structures in Kodiak Island Borough, Alaska

Category:Rocket launch sites in the United States

Category:Science and technology in Alaska

Category:Spaceports in the United States