Palestinian right to resist
{{Short description|Concept in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict}}
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The Palestinians' right to resist is a significant issue deeply rooted in the ongoing conflict between Israel and Palestine, particularly in relation to the Israeli occupation of Palestinian territories. This right, recognized under international law, is based on the principle of self-determination for all peoples under foreign and colonial rule.{{Cite news |last=Cohen |first=Stanley L |date=2017-07-20 |title=Palestinians have a legal right to armed struggle |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/opinions/2017/7/20/palestinians-have-a-legal-right-to-armed-struggle |access-date=2024-06-20 |work=Al Jazeera |quote=Long ago, it was settled that resistance and even armed struggle against a colonial occupation force is not just recognised under international law but specifically endorsed. In accordance with international humanitarian law, wars of national liberation have been expressly embraced, through the adoption of Additional Protocol I to the Geneva Conventions of 1949 (pdf), as a protected and essential right of occupied people everywhere.}}
Under international law the right to resist excludes recourse to violence against civilians.Jeremie Bracka, [https://books.google.com/books?id=yWVXEAAAQBAJ Transitional Justice for Israel/Palestine:Truth-Telling and Empathy in Ongoing Conflict,] Springer International Publishing 2022 {{isbn|978-3-030-89435-1}}p.80:'Ultimately, any Palestinian right to resist does not negate criminal liability for widespread killing of civilians, either by suicide bombing or by indiscriminate rockets.'
Right to armed resistance
{{Excerpt|Palestinian right of armed resistance}}
=Legal basis for the right to resist=
{{main|Right to resist}}
Palestinians have a recognized right under international law to resist Israeli occupation under Protocol I of the Geneva Conventions.{{cite web | url=https://www.palestinechronicle.com/international-law-guarantees-palestinians-the-right-to-resist/ | title=International Law Guarantees Palestinians the Right to Resist | date=29 May 2018 }}{{cite web | url=https://www.palestinechronicle.com/palestinians-have-the-right-to-resist-occupation/ | title=Palestinians Have the Right to Resist Occupation | date=26 October 2010 }} This right is affirmed in the context of the right of self-determination of all peoples under foreign and colonial rule.{{Cite web|url=https://www.opendemocracy.net/en/north-africa-west-asia/right-to-resist-in-occupied-palestine-denial-and-suppression/|title=The right to resist in occupied Palestine: denial and suppression | openDemocracy}}{{Cite web|url=https://www.972mag.com/on-the-palestinians-legal-right-to-fight-the-occupation/|title=Palestinian right to fight occupation not only moral, but legal as well|first=Mya|last=Guarnieri|date=December 22, 2011|website=+972 Magazine}} The United Nations General Assembly (UNGA) has expressly affirmed the right of Palestinians to resist Israeli military occupation, including through armed struggle.{{Cite web|url=https://www.cjpme.org/fs_236|title=Palestinians and the Right to Resist|website=CJPME - English}}{{Cite web|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/opinions/2017/7/20/palestinians-have-a-legal-right-to-armed-struggle|title=Palestinians have a legal right to armed struggle|first=Stanley L.|last=Cohen|website=Al Jazeera}} General Assembly resolution A/RES/38/17 (22/11/1983) stated that it "Reaffirms the legitimacy of the struggle of peoples for their independence, territorial integrity, national unity and liberation from colonial domination, apartheid and foreign occupation by all available means, including armed struggle".{{Cite web |title=Right of peoples to self-determination - GA resolution |url=https://www.un.org/unispal/document/auto-insert-184195/ |access-date=2024-01-02 |website=Question of Palestine |language=en-US}}
=The right to self-defense=
{{main|Right of self-defense}}
The question of self-defense in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict is complex. Advocates argue that if Israel has the right to defend itself by launching airstrikes that destroy Palestinian homes, educational institutions, medical facilities and religious sites, then surely the Palestinians have the right to defend themselves from Israeli and settler violence.{{Cite web|url=https://www.brookings.edu/articles/palestines-right-to-defend-itself/|title=Palestine's Right to Defend Itself|website=Brookings}}{{Cite web |last=Table |first=Al Jazeera Round |title=Forum: How can Palestinians legally fight occupation? |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2015/10/25/forum-how-can-palestinians-legally-fight-occupation |access-date=2024-06-20 |website=Al Jazeera |language=en}}{{Cite web |date=2024-02-19 |title=Israel must end its occupation of Palestine to stop fuelling apartheid and systematic human rights violations |url=https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2024/02/israel-must-end-its-occupation-of-palestine-to-stop-fuelling-apartheid-and-systematic-human-rights-violations/ |access-date=2024-06-20 |website=Amnesty International}}
Right to non-armed resistance
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See also
Notes
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References
- {{cite journal |last1=Falk |first1=Richard |author1-link=Richard Falk |title=Azmi Bishara, the Right of Resistance, and the Palestinian Ordeal |journal=Journal of Palestine Studies |date= 2002 |volume=31 |issue=2 |pages=19–33 |doi=10.1525/jps.2002.31.2.19}}
- {{cite journal |last1=Francis |first1=Sahar |title=Status of Palestinian Prisoners in International Humanitarian Law |journal=Journal of Palestine Studies |date=2014 |volume=43 |issue=4 |pages=39–48 |doi=10.1525/jps.2014.43.4.39}}
- {{cite journal |last1=Jamshidi |first1=Maryam |title=Genocide and Resistance in Palestine under Law's Shadow |journal=Journal of Genocide Research |date=2024 |pages=1–35 |doi=10.1080/14623528.2024.2348377|doi-access=free }}
- {{Cite book |last=Longobardo |first=Marco |title=The Use of Armed Force in Occupied Territory |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=2018 |isbn=9781108562027}}
- {{cite journal |last1=Moughrabi |first1=Fouad |title=Israeli Control and Palestinian Resistance |journal=Social Justice |date=1992 |volume=19 |issue=3 (49) |pages=46–62 |jstor=29766693 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/29766693 |issn=1043-1578}}
- {{cite book |last1=Quigley |first1=John |title=The Case for Palestine: An International Law Perspective |date=2005 |publisher=Duke University Press |isbn=9780822386766}}
- {{cite book |last1=Sabel |first1=Robbie |title=International law and the Arab-Israeli conflict |date=2022 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |location=Cambridge, United Kingdom; New York, NY |isbn=9781108762670}}
{{Israeli–Palestinian conflict}}
Category:Israeli–Palestinian conflict legal issues