Palmenhaus Schönbrunn

{{About|the greenhouse in Schönbrunn Palace Park in Vienna|the building on the edge of the Burggarten|Palmenhaus (Burggarten)}}

File:Palacio de Schönbrunn, Viena, Austria, 2020-02-02, DD 42-50 HDR PAN.jpg

File:Wien - Palmenhaus Schönbrunn (b).JPG

The Palmenhaus Schönbrunn is a large greenhouse in Vienna, Austria featuring plants from around the world. It opened in 1882. It is the most prominent of the four greenhouses in Schönbrunn Palace Park, and is also among the largest botanical exhibits of its kind in the world, with around 4,500 plant species.

History

File:Palm house (Schönbrunn) 1883 PR-picture of 'JG Gridl Steel and bridge constructors', Vienna.jpg

Several forerunners were built in the Palace Park in the 18th and 19th centuries, under Emperors Francis I and Joseph II. The present building was built by Ignaz Gridl following plans by court architect Franz-Xaver von Segenschmid,{{cite web|url=https://www.schoenbrunn.at/ueber-schoenbrunn/schlosspark/rundgang/palmenhaus/ |title=Palmenhaus|website=www.schoenbrunn.at|accessdate=17 March 2020|language=German}} known for his projects of bridges, and Sigmund Wagner. Groundbreaking took place in 1881 and Franz Joseph I opened the greenhouse on 19 June 1882.[http://www.bundesgaerten.at/article/articleview/62787/1/17612 Das Grosse Palmenhaus im Schlosspark Schönbrunn] Vienna Federal Gardens. {{in lang|de}} Since 1918 it has been run by the Bundesgärten (Federal Gardens).

A heavy bomb attack on Schönbrunn Palace in February 1945 destroyed most of the glazing of the Palmenhaus. Many plants died, although some were saved by being transferred to the nearby Sonnenuhrhaus. The rebuilding began in 1948, and the Palmenhaus was reopened in 1953.

The building was closed to the public in 1976 as a safety measure following the collapse of the Reichsbrücke. Renovations were carried out between 1986 and 1990.[http://www.waagner-biro.at/references//type/canopies/reference/palmenhaus-schoenbrunn-revitalisation/ Palmenhaus Schönbrunn - Revitalisation] Waagner-Biro. {{in lang|en}}

Architecture

Built with 600 tons of wrought iron and 120 tons of cast iron, the Palmenhaus is 111 metres long, 28 metres wide and 25 metres high, and has 45,000 glass tiles. The annexes on the north and south sides serve as a coldhouse and a hothouse respectively.

Palm house (Schönbrunn) outside architectural detail 20080210-.jpg|Detail of the structure.

Palmenhaus.Schönbrunn August 2006.jpg|Central Hall entrance.

Palm house (Schönbrunn) outside detail - rainwater pipe 20080212.jpg|Detail of water conduit.

GuentherZ 2006-12-27 Palmenhaus Gridl 1341.jpg|Detail of the metal structure showing Gridl's name.

Palm house (Schönbrunn) Rhododendron 20080210.jpg|The structure from the interior.

Palm house (Schönbrunn) inside architectural detail in main hall, from SW 20080212 289.jpg|Detail of the arches sustaining the roof.

Palm house (Schönbrunn) tree-shaped cast iron column and plants 20080210.jpg|Tree-shaped cast-iron column.

Palm house (Schönbrunn) central part from N-edge 20080212.jpg|Central Hall.

Palm House (Schönbrunn) spiral stair 20080210 032-.jpg|Spiral staircase.

Palm house (Schönbrunn) 20080210 194.jpg|Top of the stairs and galleries.

Notable features

File:Palm house (Schönbrunn) 350 years old olive tree 20080212.jpg

The oldest plant by some distance is a roughly 350-year-old olive tree donated by Spain in 1974.
A Wollemia, a so-called “living fossil” species, discovered in 1994. This one is on permanent loan from the Botanical Garden of the University of Vienna and is one of the few to be cultivated outside Australia.
A coco de mer, donated by the Seychelles in 1990 and not expected to blossom for around 50 to 100 years.
A victoria waterlily, which blossomed in 2001 for the first time in more than 40 years.
The centre of the building has traditionally been the location for the tallest plant. The current centrepiece, planted in 2008, is a Livistona chinensis known as the “Mirna palm” after the Austrian swimmer Mirna Jukić.
Other notable collections include the azaleas and the cyatheales.

Notes

External links

[https://web.archive.org/web/20130817163433/http://www.schoenbrunn.at/?id=312 Home page on the Schönbrunn Palace website] {{in lang|de}}