Pan Pan (kingdom)

{{Short description|Hindu kingdom on the Malay Peninsula}}

{{Infobox country

| conventional_long_name = Pan Pan

| common_name = Pan Pan kingdom

| native_name =

| religion = Hinduism

| p1 = Tun Sun

| s1 = Srivijaya

| s2 = Tambralinga

| year_start = 3rd century CE

| year_end = 7th century CE

| date_start =

| date_end =

| image_flag =

| image_coat =

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| image_map = Political entities in the Chao Phraya River Basin in the 7th century.png

| image_map_caption = Political entities in the Chao Phraya River Basin and the Kra Isthmus in the 6th–7th century

| common_languages = Old Malay

| government_type = Monarchy

| title_leader = Raja

| leader1 = Kaundinya II

| year_leader1 =

| currency =

| today = Malaysia
Thailand

| demonym =

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}}

{{History of Thailand}}

Pan Pan or Panpan was a small Hindu kingdom believed to have existed around the 3rd to 7th century CE. It is believed to have been located on the east coast of the Malay Peninsula, with opinion varying from somewhere in Kelantan or Terengganu, in modern-day Malaysia{{cite book|author=Dougald J. W. O'Reilly|title=Early Civilizations of Southeast Asia|year=2007|publisher=Rowman Altamira|isbn=978-0-7591-0279-8}} to the vicinity of Phunphin district, Surat Thani province, in modern Thailand.

{{cite book|author=Joachim Schliesinger|title=Origin of Man in Southeast Asia 3 Volume 3: Indianization and the Temples of the Mainland; Part 3 Pre-Modern Thailand, Laos and Burma|year=2016|publisher=Booksmango|isbn=978-1633237278}}

According to the Chinese text Jiu Tang Shu, Pan Pan was bordered in the south with Langkasuka,{{rp|53}} and in the north with Tun Sun near the Kra Isthmus.{{cite journal|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/2049556|title=The Khmer Empire and the Malay Peninsula|date=1950|author=Lawrence Palmer Briggs|journal=The Far Eastern Quarterly|publisher=Duke University Press|volume=9|issue=3|doi=10.2307/2049556|pages=256–305|jstor=2049556 |archivedate=26 April 2024|archiveurl=https://archive.org/details/briggs1950|url-access=subscription}}{{rp|259}} Jacq-Hergoualc'h speculates that the border may have been south of Nakhon Si Thammarat, possibly near Songkhla.{{rp|53}}

After the northern neighbor Tun Sun gained independence from Funan and became Lang-chia or Lang-ya-hsiu in the late 5th century CE, its southern part joined Pan Pan in the 6th century,{{rp|262–263}} while the northern territory became Dvaravati.{{rp|268–269}}

It is speculated to be related to the Patani Kingdom, which occupied the same area many centuries later, and has some differences in culture and language to other Malay regions nearby.