Panakkaari
{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2024}}
{{Use Indian English|date=September 2024}}
{{Infobox film
| caption = Theatrical release poster
| image = Panakkaari.jpg
| director = K. S. Gopalakrishnan{{efn|name=KSG}}
| based_on = {{based on|Anna Karenina|Leo Tolstoy}}
| producer =
| starring = T. R. Rajakumari
M. G. Ramachandran
V. Nagayya
| music = S. V. Venkatraman
| studio = Uma Pictures
| released = {{Film date|df=yes|1953|5|1|ref1=}}
| country = India
| language = Tamil
| budget =
}}
Panakkari ({{Translation|Rich woman}}) is a 1953 Indian Tamil-language drama film directed by K. S. Gopalakrishnan.{{efn|name=KSG}} Starring T. R. Rajakumari, M. G. Ramachandran and V. Nagayya, it is an adaptation of the 1877 novel Anna Karenina by Russian writer Leo Tolstoy.{{Cite web |title=1953 – பணக்காரி – உமா பிக்சர்ஸ் |trans-title=1953 – Panakkaari – Uma Pictures |url=http://www.lakshmansruthi.com/cineprofiles/1953-cinedetails18.asp |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://archive.today/20161121153846/http://www.lakshmansruthi.com/cineprofiles/1953-cinedetails18.asp |archive-date=21 November 2016 |access-date=10 October 2017 |website=Lakshman Sruthi |language=Tamil}}
Cast
List adapted from the database of Film News Anandan
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;Male cast
- M. G. Ramachandran
- V. Nagayya
- Javar Seetharaman
- C. V. V. Panthulu
- T. S. Durairaj
- K. A. Thangavelu
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;Female cast
- T. R. Rajakumari
- (Yogam)-Mangalam
- K. R. Chellam
- T. S. Jaya
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Production
Panakkaari was based on Russian writer Leo Tolstoy's novel Anna Karenina. It was directed by K. S. Gopalakrishnan{{efn|name=KSG}} under the technical supervision of Newtone Studio founder Jiten Bannerjee.{{Cite news |last=Guy |first=Randor |author-link=Randor Guy |date=26 December 2008 |title=Panakkari 1953 |work=The Hindu |url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-cinemaplus/panakkari-1953/article3023707.ece |url-status=dead |access-date=29 September 2015 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20170725070547/http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-cinemaplus/panakkari-1953/article3023707.ece |archive-date=25 July 2017}}
Soundtrack
The music of the film was composed by S. V. Venkatraman, with lyrics by Papanasam Sivan, Thanjai Ramaiah Das, Lakshmana Das and Kuyilan.{{Cite book |last=Neelamegam |first=G. |title=Thiraikalanjiyam — Part 1 |date=December 2014 |publisher=Manivasagar Publishers |edition=1st |location=Chennai |pages=55 |language=Tamil}}
| class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%;"
! Song !! Singer/s !! Lyricist | ||
| "Kanimadhura Mazhalai Mozhi Kanne" | ||
| "Pengal Viduthalai Petra Magizhchchi" | ||
| "Kaalam Therindhu Vaazhavendum Penne" | ||
| "Beautyile Pottiyile...Isaintha Kaathaliyai Kettu" | P. Leela & group | |
| "Sundarin Jodiyaai Vaazhvile" | ||
| "Kaalaiyil Inbam Kaanume" | ||
| "Avaniyile Iyarkai Ezhil Pola" | ||
| "Ammaavendre Nee Azhaithidum" | P. Leela | |
| "Ulaga Iyalbu Idhuve" | ||
| "Needhi Enge Aneedhi Enge" |
Release and reception
Panakkaari was released on 1 May 1953.{{Cite news |date=1 May 1953 |title=Panakkari |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=P9oYG7HA76QC&dat=19530501&printsec=frontpage&hl=en |access-date=4 August 2022 |work=The Indian Express |pages=1 |via=Google News Archive}}{{cbignore}} According to historian Randor Guy, the film failed at the box office "mainly because of its ‘anti-sentimental’ storyline". During the same period, another film, Pitchaikkari, became a major commercial success; people in Madras would often joke, "Those who bought Panakkari became pitchaikkaarans (beggars), while buyers of Pitchaikkari became panakkarans (rich men)!"
Notes
{{notelist|refs=
{{efn|name=KSG|Not to be confused with the later director of the same name.{{Cite web |last=Sri Kantha |first=Sachi |author-link=Sachi Sri Kantha |date=29 October 2015 |title=MGR Remembered – Part 31 {{!}} Directors and a Superstition |url=https://sangam.org/mgr-remembered-part-31/ |access-date=3 September 2024 |website=Ilankai Tamil Sangam |archive-date=22 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200622172736/https://sangam.org/mgr-remembered-part-31/ |url-status=live }}}}
}}
References
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