Panda Project
{{Short description|Defunct American computer company}}
{{Infobox company
| name=The Panda Project, Inc.
| logo=
| type=Public
| industry=Computer
| founder=Stanford W. Crane, Jr.
| founded={{start date and age|1992|04}} in Boca Raton, Florida, United States
| defunct={{end date and age|2004|06}}
| fate=Remaining assets sold off in April 2000; re-emerged as Coda Octopus Group in 2004
| num_employees=~140 (1995, peak)
| website = {{web archive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/19970206204153/http://pandaproject.com/|title=pandaproject.com}}
}}
The Panda Project, Inc., was an American computer company active from 1992 to 2000. It was best known for the Archistrat family of high-end workstations and servers, which made use of a custom, 256-bit backplane design accommodating a number of computer architectures. The Archistrat was short-lived and sold in low quantity.
History
The Panda Project, Inc., was founded in April 1992 in Boca Raton, Florida, by Stanford W. Crane Jr.{{cite journal | last=Pounds | first=Stephen | date=January 22, 1995 | url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-palm-beach-post-investors-feed-panda/144665681/ | title=Investors feed Panda Project's assault at computer niche | journal=The Palm Beach Post | page=1E, [https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-palm-beach-post-investors-feed-panda/144665688/ 7E] | via=Newspapers.com}}{{rp|7E}} Crane had previously worked for AMP Incorporated and Molex Corporation, two major companies in the field of electrical connectors, in the 1970s and 1980s. In the mid-1980s, Crane founded his first startup, Crane Electronics, to compete with his former employers; that company declared bankruptcy in 1986. Six years later, Crane founded Panda Project in Boca Raton, occupying the 1,900-square-foot former offices of Don Estridge, one of the major architects of the IBM Personal Computer.{{cite journal | last=McNair | first=James | date=October 24, 1994 | url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-miami-herald-boca-firm-promises-new/144665580/ | title=Boca firm promises new era for PCs | journal=The Miami Herald | page=7 | via=Newspapers.com}}{{cite journal | last=Stern | first=Jamie | date=October 31, 1992 | url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/boca-raton-news-area-real-estate-notes/144664535/ | title=CB Commercial lands dozen lease deals | journal=Boca Raton News | page=6C | via=Newspapers.com}}{{efn|The company leased an additional 4,800-square-foot office at the Arvida Park of Commerce in Boca Raton, Florida, in April 1994.{{cite journal | last=Staff writer | date=April 24, 1994 | url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/boca-raton-news-cb-commercial-announces/144665531/ | title=CB Commercial announces leases | journal=Boca Raton News | page=2D | via=Newspapers.com}}}} In naming his company, Crane chose a non-technical name to evoke an air of secrecy and to ward off competitors of the company's true nature.{{cite journal | last=Lorek | first=L. A. | date=February 11, 1996 | url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/south-florida-sun-sentinel-panda-project/144666065/ | title=Panda Project should ride high-tech wave | journal=South Florida Sun Sentinel | page=3F | via=Newspapers.com}}{{cite journal | last=Trigaux | first=Robert | date=August 17, 1995 | url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/tampa-bay-times-group-tech-panda-sign-d/144665894/ | title=Group Tech, Panda sign deal | journal=Tampa Bay Times | page=6E | via=Newspapers.com}}
Within two years of founding Panda Project, Crane had managed to court many former employees of IBM, including Joseph A. Sarubbi, another architect of IBM's PC XT;{{cite journal | last=Pounds | first=Stephen | date=January 24, 1996 | url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-palm-beach-post-former-ibm-exec-reca/144666054/ | title=Former IBM exec recalls days of pioneering with Gates on PCs | journal=The Palm Beach Post | page=5B | via=Newspapers.com}} Bruce Smith, a project manager of the PC division at IBM; and Greg Simco, a technical lead for IBM's OS/2 operating system. By March 1995, Panda Project had managed to accrue over a dozen further IBM alumni, including H. L. "Sparky" Sparks, a senior manager at IBM who had helped established the first dealer networks for the IBM PC back in 1981.{{cite journal | last=King | first=Marcus J. | date=March 27, 1995 | url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/boca-raton-news-panda-assembles-creative/144665717/ | title=Panda assembles creative, credible talent | journal=Boca Raton News | page=10C | via=Newspapers.com}}
Between March and May 1994, Panda Project began preparing to file its initial public offering, which commenced in the third week of May 1994.{{cite journal | last=Staff writer | date=March 25, 1994 | url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/boca-raton-news-panda-project-files-for/144665516/ | title=Panda Project files for offering | journal=Boca Raton News | page=5B | via=Newspapers.com}}{{cite journal | last=Staff writer | date=April 11, 1994 | url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-miami-herald-boca-startup-company-pl/144665524/ | title=Boca startup company planning to sell stock | journal=The Miami Herald | page=43 | via=Newspapers.com}}{{cite journal | last=Staff writer | date=May 20, 1994 | url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-palm-beach-post-panda-project-begins/144665535/ | title=Panda Project begins IPO | journal=The Palm Beach Post | page=9B | via=Newspapers.com}} The $10 million raised from its IPO was funneled back into Panda Project to fund the company's research and development for computer hardware products.{{cite journal | last=Staff writer | date=November 14, 1994 | url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/boca-raton-news-acsys-selects-service-fr/144665609/ | title=ACSYS selects service from Boca-based project | journal=Boca Raton News | page=5B | via=Newspapers.com}}
Panda Project's first product was VSPA (Very Small Peripheral Array), a packaging technology for surface-mount integrated circuits. Announced in September 1994, VSPA allowed for a 60-to-70-percent reduction in the size of ICs versus those housed in contemporaneous plastic quad flat packs (PQFPs). The VSPA package was a three-dimensional design making use of overlapping, receding carriers (similar in shape to a step pyramid) in order to pack more leads into the same surface area.{{cite journal | last=Rosen | first=Carol | date=January 1995 | url=https://link.gale.com/apps/doc/A16598483/GPS?u=wikipedia | title=Ball grid arrays gain respectability | journal=Electronic Business Buyer | publisher=Reed Business Information | volume=21 | issue=1 | pages=81 et seq | via=Gale}}{{cite book | last=Tummala | first=R. R. | author2=Alan G. Klopfenstein | date=2013 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gv7jBwAAQBAJ&dq=%22Very+Small+Peripheral+Array%22&pg=PA95 | title=Microelectronics Packaging Handbook: Semiconductor Packaging | publisher=Springer | pages=II-95–II-97 | isbn=9781461560371 | via=Google Books}} Panda Project co-developed VSPA with IBM Microelectronics at their Manufacturing Technology Center facility in Boca Raton.{{cite journal | last=Staff writer | date=September 29, 1994 | url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-palm-beach-post-panda-project-begins/144665566/ | title=Panda Project begins marketing | journal=The Palm Beach Post | page=6B | via=Newspapers.com}} The machinery to build VSPA ICs was delivered to Panda Project from IBM in April 1995,{{cite journal | last=Staff writer | date=April 27, 1995 | url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-miami-herald-panda-project-receives/144665729/ | title=Panda Project receives semiconductor package | journal=The Miami Herald | page=315 | via=Newspapers.com}}{{cite journal | last=Staff writer | date=April 28, 1995 | url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/boca-raton-news-panda-project-gets-first/144665733/ | title=Panda Project gets first IBM | journal=Boca Raton News | page=7B | via=Newspapers.com}} and the first successful prototypes of a VSPA graphics chip were demonstrated to Cirrus Logic, a prospective licensee by the end of May 1995.{{cite journal | last=Staff writer | date=May 31, 1995 | url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/boca-raton-news-panda-project-tests-prot/144665779/ | title=Panda Project tests prototype | journal=Boca Raton News | page=19 | via=Newspapers.com}} The technology was first licensed in 1996 to AMP Incorporated, Crane's former employer.{{cite journal | last=O'Brien | first=Robert | author2=Margot Habiby | date=June 12, 1996 | url=https://www.proquest.com/docview/315611781/ | title=U.S. Stocks Lose Ground as Investors Remain Wary | journal=The Asian Wall Street Journal | publisher=Dow Jones & Company | page=15 | via=ProQuest}}
In 1995,{{cite web | date=n.d. | url=https://www.pcmag.com/encyclopedia/term/archistrat-computer | title=Definition of Archistrat computer | work=PCMag.com | publisher=Ziff-Davis | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240522230726/https://www.pcmag.com/encyclopedia/term/archistrat-computer | archivedate=May 22, 2024}} Panda Project introduced their first computer system, the Archistrat, which was a family of Intel x86-based workstations and servers featuring a custom backplane design whose connectors were 256 bits wide and made use of Panda Project's patented Compass connector design. The main components of the computer, including the CPU, chipset, and PCI and ISA expansion slots, resided on a single board that connected to the backplane, while the RAM was contained on its own separate board connected to the backplane, as was its I/O connectors. This arrangement was intended to make the computer easier to upgrade and resilient against obsolescence, since it could theoretically accommodate other 32-bit computer architectures such as PowerPC and 64-bit architectures such as DEC Alpha by just replacing the CPU board.{{cite journal | last=Scannell | first=Ed | date=January 15, 1996 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zj4EAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA35 | title=Panda readies 166-MHz server | journal=InfoWorld | publisher=IDG Publications | volume=18 | issue=5 | page=35 | via=Google Books}}{{cite journal | last=Coates | first=James | date=February 5, 1996 | url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/south-florida-sun-sentinel-panda-project/144666059/ | title=Panda project may end constant state of PC envy | journal=South Florida Sun Sentinel | page=4 | via=Newspapers.com}} The Compass connector was a pin grid array design, in which each pin is split into four and arranged into quadrant occupying the footprint of the average pin on a normal PGA. This allowed up to 146 contacts per linear inch, or up to 1,100 contacts per square inch.{{cite web | date=n.d. | url=https://www.pcmag.com/encyclopedia/term/compass-connector | title=Definition of Compass connector | work=PCMag.com | publisher=Ziff-Davis | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240530014244/https://www.pcmag.com/encyclopedia/term/compass-connector | archivedate=May 30, 2024}} The tower case of the Archistrat eschewed from the beige box designs of its contemporaries in favor of a bulbous design with a bold assortment of colors.{{rp|7E}}
The Archistrat was first unveiled to the public at the June 1995 PC EXPO in New York where it gathered large crowds;{{cite journal | last=Lorek | first=L. A. | date=June 22, 1995 | url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/south-florida-sun-sentinel-what-the-mark/144665838/ | title=What the market will bear | journal=South Florida Sun Sentinel | page=3D | via=Newspapers.com}} it was later featured on the front cover of Byte magazine's October 1995 issue, underneath the headline "The PC is dead".{{cite journal | last=Staff writer | date=September 30, 1995 | url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/boca-raton-news-cnn-and-byte-feature-pan/144665924/ | title=CNN and Byte feature Panda Project | journal=Boca Raton News | page=13A | via=Newspapers.com}} After its release in the first week of October 1995,{{cite journal | last=Pounds | first=Stephen | date=October 11, 1995 | url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-palm-beach-post-panda-lays-off-a-ha/144665944/ | title=Panda lays off 'a handful', cites job duplication as reason | journal=The Palm Beach Post | page=9B | via=Newspapers.com}} Network World gave the Archistrat mixed reviews, the magazine's editors praising its innovation but finding its raw performance middling.{{cite journal | last=Rinko-Gay | first=William L. | author2=Lee Schlesinger | date=July 22, 1996 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7BcEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA40 | title=Good, bad and different | journal=Network World | publisher=IDG Publications | volume=13 | issue=39 | pages=40–44 | via=Google Books}}{{rp|41–44}}{{cite journal | last=Rinko-Gay | first=William L. | author2=Lee Schlesinger | date=September 23, 1996 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HBgEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA61 | title=Old friends revisted | journal=Network World | publisher=IDG Publications | volume=13 | issue=39 | pages=60–61 | via=Google Books}}{{rp|61}}
In April 1998, Panda Project announced their second computer system family, Rock City, which was a cube-shaped desktop computer running Intel's Pentium MMX processor clocked between 200 MHz and 233 MHz. The Rock City's case had lightning strike patterns etched into the case, which rested diagonally on one of vertices on the provided stand.{{cite web | last=Hu | first=Jim | date=April 15, 1998 | url=https://www.cnet.com/tech/tech-industry/sub-1000-pc-gets-new-design/ | title= Sub-$1,000 PC gets new design | work=CNET | publisher=CBS Interactive | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230812183819/https://www.cnet.com/tech/tech-industry/sub-1000-pc-gets-new-design/ | archivedate=August 12, 2023}}{{cite journal | last=Kirschner | first=Suzanne Kantra | date=July 1998 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3Bxy4y0umo0C&pg=PA14 | title=What's New | journal=Popular Science | publisher=Times Mirror Magazines | volume=258 | issue=1 | pages=8–17 | via=Google Books}}
Before the company ever produced any Rock City machines, however, Panda Project abruptly announced that they had divested their computer systems division to Round Stone Holdings, a British firm, in November 1998. As part of the deal, Round Stone Holdings acquired all the development rights, tooling, and inventory for all of Panda Project's computer systems. Following the acquisition, Panda Project focused chiefly on commercializing their VSPA chip carrier design, which had failed to gain many design wins after a few years on the market.{{cite journal | last=Staff writer | date=November 12, 1998 | url=https://www.techmonitor.ai/hardware/panda_project_spins_off_systems_business_to_uk_firm | title=Panda Project Spins Off Systems Business to UK Firm | journal=Computergram International | publisher=New Statesman Media Group | archiveurl=https://archive.today/20241016073146/https://www.techmonitor.ai/hardware/panda_project_spins_off_systems_business_to_uk_firm?cf-view | archivedate=October 16, 2024}} In 1999, Panda Project sold their VSPA patents and remaining assets to Silicon Bandwidth, a start-up company based in San Bruno, California, leaving the company as a non-praciticing, public shell company. Crane resigned as chairman and CEO of the company in April 2000, he and his wife leaving the company the same month.{{cite journal | last=Staff writer | date=April 19, 2000 | url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-palm-beach-post-chairman-wife-quit/144665988/ | title=Chairman, wife quit Panda Project | journal=The Palm Beach Post | page=8B | via=Newspapers.com}} In June 2004, Panda Project acquired three branches of Coda Octopus, a vendor of seafloor mapping and visualization software, and re-emerged as the Coda Octopus Group, which is still in business {{as of|2024|10|lc=yes}}.{{cite web | date=2006 | url=https://content.equisolve.net/codaoctopusgroup/media/af9021813246205e73fc22c0f9a6042d.pdf | title=Coda Octopus Group, Inc.: Information and Disclosure Statement | publisher=Coda Octopus Group | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20240620175042/https://content.equisolve.net/codaoctopusgroup/media/af9021813246205e73fc22c0f9a6042d.pdf | archivedate=June 20, 2024}}
Notes
{{notelist}}
References
{{reflist|colwidth=30em}}
External links
- {{web archive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/19970206204153/http://pandaproject.com/|title=Official website}}
- [https://www.computerhistory.org/collections/catalog/102756981 Archistrat 4S server] at the Computer History Museum
Category:1992 establishments in Florida
Category:2004 disestablishments in Florida
Category:American companies established in 1992
Category:American companies disestablished in 2004
Category:Computer companies established in 1992
Category:Computer companies disestablished in 2004
Category:Defunct computer companies of the United States