Panduri

• Three-stringed panduri: G-A-C# or E-B-A# or A-C#-E
• Two-stringed panduri: D-C#{{Cite web|url=http://polyphony.ge/en/georgia/georgian-traditional-music/musical-instruments/|title=Georgian Musical Instruments – International Research Center for Traditional Polyphony|date=5 March 2017|website=International Research Center for Traditional Polyphony|language=en-US|access-date=2019-05-17}}

The frets on the panduri are traditionally made of wood inlaid in the fingerboard, usually seven frets to an octave, but nowadays chromatic fretting with metal frets can also be found. The body of the panduri is usually made more in the shape of a spade, less often with a parallel sided endblock. It is traditionally carved from a single block of wood, but a staved construction (like a lute) is also common.{{Cite journal|last1=Dolidze|first1=Leah|last2=Hannick|first2=Christian|last3=Dolidze|first3=Dali|last4=Chkhikvadze|first4=Grigol|last5=Jordania|first5=Joseph|date=January 2001|title=Georgia|url=https://www.oxfordmusiconline.com/grovemusic/view/10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.001.0001/omo-9781561592630-e-0000042156?_start=1&pos=1&q=georgia&search=quick|journal=Grove Music Online}}

Image:Panduri_back_dusepo.jpg|Back view of panduri with body made of ribs

Image:Panduri_front_dusepo.jpg|Front view of panduri with body made of ribs

File:Panduri.JPG|Georgian panduri (carved version) from back

The panduri is a three-stringed lute from the highland and lowland regions of eastern Georgia, usually played by strumming, and often for choral and rhythmic support of vocal melody.{{Cite book|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9TuKDwAAQBAJ&dq=panduri+georgia&pg=PA991|title=The SAGE International Encyclopedia of Music and Culture|last1=Makharadze|first1=Nino|last2=Gabisonia|first2=Tamaz|publisher=SAGE Publications|year=2019|isbn=9781483317748|editor-last=Sturman|editor-first=Janet|location=Los Angeles, London, New Delhi, Singapore, Washington DC, Melbourne|pages=991|language=en|chapter=Georgia: History, Culture and Geography of Music}}{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JNNQCgAAQBAJ&dq=panduri+georgia&pg=PA485|title=Historical Dictionary of Georgia|last=Mikaberidze|first=Alexander|publisher=Rowman & Littlefield|year=2015|isbn=9781442241466|location=Lanham, MA|pages=485|language=en}}

There are two kinds of panduri in Georgia: one is the traditional "folk" panduri, which typically has seven frets and more closely approximates the scale divisions in the non-Western Georgian scale system. The second kind is the "chromatic" panduri, which has the same tonal divisions as a guitar and is capable of reproducing all the half-steps of the tempered Western scale. It is also sometimes found in Western Georgia (Upper Imereti and Racha). The two-stringed panduri survives in Khevsureti.

Sometimes the panduri is also mistakenly called a "chonguri" - but the chonguri is a completely different instrument which comes from western Georgia; it is fretless, and it has a fourth, half-length drone string. Additionally, the chonguri is an instrument mainly played by women, while the panduri is usually played by men.

A similar instrument is found in Chechnya,{{Cite news|url=https://deadspin.com/the-warlords-who-rule-chechnya-and-bahrains-repressive-1820287690|title=The Warlords Who Rule Chechnya And Bahrain's Repressive Regime Are Bonding Over MMA|last=Zidan|first=Karim|date=11 October 2017|work=Deadspin|access-date=15 May 2019}} where it is known as: {{lang|ce|phandar, pondar, ponder, pandir, pandur, dechig pondur, adkhoku pondur, dakhch pandr, or merz ponder.|italic=no}}

• Phandar
• Chonguri
• Pandura

{{reflist|25em}}

{{Musical instruments of Georgia (country)}}

Category:Musical instruments of Georgia (country)

Category:String instruments

Category:Chechen musical instruments