Panjnad River

{{Short description|River in Punjab, Pakistan}}

{{Infobox river

| name = Panjnad River

| native_name ={{native name|pa|{{Nastaliq|پنجند}}}}

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| map = Panjnad.png

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| map_caption = Path of the Panjnad [http://u.osmfr.org/m/376520/]

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| mouth =Indus River

| mouth_location =Mithankot

| mouth_coordinates = {{coord|28|56|59.99|N|70|29|59.99|E|type:_river}}

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| basin_size ={{convert|395,000|km2|mi2|abbr=on}}

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| tributaries_left =Chenab

| tributaries_right =Sutlej

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| length ={{convert|71|km|mi|abbr=on}}

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| discharge1_location=Mithankot (near mouth)

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| discharge1_avg ={{convert|2,500|m3/s|cuft/s|abbr=on}}

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The Panjnad River (Punjabi and {{langx|ur|{{nq|پنجند}}}}) is a river at the extreme end of the Bahawalpur district in the Punjab province of Pakistan. The name Panjnad is derived from Persian panj ("five") and Sanskrit nadī́ ("river") which means "five rivers". The Panjnad River is formed by the successive confluence or merger of the five main rivers of Punjab: the Jhelum, Chenab, Ravi, Beas and Sutlej.[http://countrystudies.us/pakistan/24.htm Topography and Drainage of Pakistan on countrystudies.us website] Retrieved 16 January 2021[https://www.pmfias.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/Major-Tributaries-of-Indus-River.jpg Panjnad River with major tributaries of Indus River]{{Cite web|url=https://www.adb.org/projects/documents/trimmu-and-panjnad-barrages-improvement-project-panjnad-barrages-iee|title=Trimmu and Panjnad Barrages Improvement Project: Rehabilitation and Upgrading of Panjnad Barrage - Asian Development Bank Project Document Page No. 25}}

The Jhelum and the Ravi rivers join the Chenab River; the Beas River joins the Sutlej River; and the Sutlej and the Chenab rivers join to form the Panjnad River. It is 10 miles north of Uch Sharif in the Muzaffar Garh district. The combined stream runs southwest for approximately 44 miles and joins the Indus River at Mithankot. The Indus eventually drains into the Arabian Sea. A barrage on Panjnad has been erected which provides irrigation channels for Punjab and Sindh provinces south of the Sutlej River and east of the Indus River.[https://www.britannica.com/place/Panjnad-River Panjnad River on Encyclopædia Britannica website] Retrieved 16 January 2021

File:Head Punjnand.jpg

Beyond the confluence of the Indus and Panjnad rivers, the Indus River was known as Satnad (Sat = seven) carrying the waters of seven rivers including the Indus River, the five Punjab rivers, and the Kabul River{{Citation needed|date=August 2023}}.