Panzer 61
{{Infobox weapon
|name=Panzer 61
| image= File:Early Swiss Panzer 61 Main Battle Tank at Expo 64.jpg
| image_size = 300
|caption=Early vehicle in 1964
|origin= Switzerland
|type= Main battle tank
|is_vehicle=yes
|is_UK=yes
|service=1965–1994
|used_by=Switzerland
|wars=
|designer=
|design_date=1950s
|manufacturer=Eidgenössische Konstruktionswerkstätte Thun
|unit_cost=
|production_date=1965–1967
|number=150
|variants=
|weight=39 tonnes
|length={{convert|9.45|m|ftin|abbr=on}}
|width= {{convert|3.06|m|ftin|abbr=on}}
|height={{convert|2.72|m|ftin|abbr=on}}
|crew= 4
|armour=up to 120 mm RHA
|primary_armament=105 mm Royal Ordnance L7 rifled gun with 56 rounds
|secondary_armament=2× 7.5 mm Swiss machine guns with 3200 rounds
|engine=Mercedes-Benz V-8 diesel engine
|engine_power=630 hp
|transmission=
|fuel_capacity=
|pw_ratio=16.15 hp/tonne
|suspension=belleville washer
|clearance= 400 mm
|vehicle_range={{convert|250|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|speed= 55 km/h (34 mph)
}}
File:Swiss Mechanized Forces Deploy During Exercise at Thun, Allmend Panzerübungsplatz 1979 (cropped).jpg troops deploy from an m113 during a training excersize at Thun, a Panzer 61 is visible in the background.]]
The Panzer 61 was a Swiss Cold War era medium tank later reclassified as a second-generation main battle tank. The tank had a weight of 36.5 tons and was powered by a 630 hp diesel engine, which gave it a top road speed of {{convert|50|km/h|abbr=on}}. The primary armament of the Panzer 61 was a 105 mm main gun.
History and Development
During the early 1950s the Swiss Army tried to buy modern tanks to reinforce the armoured forces which, due to the war in Korea, proved to be impossible. As a stop-gap solution, the Swiss army purchased AMX-13 light tanks from France and decided to develop a domestic medium tank.
The first prototype and production vehicles were designated Panzer 58. The first Panzer 58 prototype was armed with a domestic 90mm rifled gun, the second Panzer 58 was fitted with a British 84 mm calibre Ordnance QF 20 pounder.{{cite book |last=Ford |first=Roger |title=The World's Great Tanks from 1916 to the present day |year=1997 |publisher=Brown Packaging Books Ltd |isbn=1-897884-29-X |page=[https://archive.org/details/worldsgreattanks0000ford_u1y3/page/121 121] |url=https://archive.org/details/worldsgreattanks0000ford_u1y3/page/121 }} and the third prototype as well as the production model was fitted with a Royal Ordnance L7 105mm rifled gun. The Panzer 58 served similarly to a preproduction model of the improved Panzer 61, and in 1961 the Swiss parliament approved production of 150 Panzer 61s. The vehicles were delivered between 1965 and 1967, produced at the Eidgenoessische Konstruktionswerkstaette (today RUAG Land Systems) facility at Thun.http://www.janes.com/extracts/extract/jaa/jaa_0067.html {{Dead link|date=February 2022}}
Service life
File:Panzer 61 Tanks and APC at the Thun, Allmend Proving Grounds, 1979.jpg
The vehicle would serve for nearly thirty years with the Swiss Armed Forces. A replacement effort would be the pursued in 1967, with the purchase of 150 Panzer 68 tanks, although the effort was not wholly successful due to several glaring issues with the new vehicle. From 1967 onwards, Panzer 61 vehicles were upgraded and retrofitted with technology found on the more advanced Panzer 68. The Panzer 61's original coaxial 20 mm autocannon was found to have no use in practice and was replaced by a coaxial 7.5 mm machine gun in the Panzer 61 AA9 variant. Panzer 61 would never serve in combat but examples remained in service well up until the production and commission of Panzer 87 and, although relegated to secondary duties, would serve up until the final units were reequipped with Panzer 87s in 1994.
Legacy
The chassis formed the basis of the Panzerkanone 68 self-propelled gun, the prototype of the Entpannungspanzer 65 armoured recovery vehicle,{{cite book |last=Chant |first=Christopher |title=A Compendium of Armaments and Military Hardware|year=1987 |publisher=Routledge | page = 10 |isbn=0-7102-0720-4}} and for the initial prototype of the Brückenlegepanzer 68.{{cite web |url=http://www.janes.com/extracts/extract/jmvl/jmvl0200.html |title=RUAG Land Systems Bruckenlegepanzer 68/88 armoured bridgelayer (Switzerland) - Jane's Military Vehicles and Logistics |website=www.janes.com |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080321215952/http://www.janes.com/extracts/extract/jmvl/jmvl0200.html |archive-date=2008-03-21}} Wheels and tracks from the Panzer 61 were also used on the Zielfahrzeug 68.
A number of Panzer 61s have survived in museums and private collections including The Tank Museum.{{cite AV media |people=David Willey |date=4 Jun 2021 |title=Tank Chats #128 Panzer 61 |medium=Video |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Sy-ZPUmit9w |access-date=6 June 2021 |time=10:35 |location= |publisher=The Tank Museum }}
References
External links
- {{Commons category-inline|Panzer 61 tanks}}
- https://web.archive.org/web/20130719085845/http://www.armeemuseum.ch/uploads/media/Dok_Panzer_68.pdf.pdf (document not available in English)
- [http://www.zimmerliweb.ch/events/content/view/15/9/ Action shots from privately owned Panzer 68 and 61]
{{Cold War tanks|style=wide}}
Category:Main battle tanks of Switzerland
Category:Main battle tanks of the Cold War