Papilio echerioides
{{Short description|Species of butterfly}}
{{Speciesbox
| name = White-banded swallowtail
| image = Papilio echerioides - desertnaturalist - 482718714.jpeg
| image_caption = Upperside
| image2 = Papilio echerioides - Sunčana Bradley - 466724922.jpeg
| status = Underside
| taxon = Papilio echerioides
| authority = Trimen, 1868 Trimen, R. 1868. On some undescribed species of South African butterflies, including a new genus of Lycaenidae. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London 1868: 69-96.
| synonyms = *Druryia echerioides
- Papilio homeyeri Plötz, 1880
- Papilio neumanni Karsch, 1895
- Papilio tanganikae Oberthür, 1897
- Papilio zoroastres neumanni ab. subtanganikae Strand, 1916
- Papilio zoroastres neumanni ab. zoroastrides Strand, 1916
- Papilio zoroastres joiceyi Gabriel, 1945
- Papilio zoroastres f. pallidochrea Stoneham, 1944
- Papilio zoroastres joycei f. nioka Berger, 1974
- Papilio echerioides var. wertheri Karsch, 1898
- Papilio echerioides rideschi Suffert, 1904
- Papilio echerioides rectofasciata Kielland, 1990
- Papilio zoroastres Druce, 1878
- Papilio preussius Karsch, 1893
- Papilio zoroastres ab. zoroastroides Strand, 1914
- Papilio zoroastres ab. sapponis Strand, 1914
- Papilio zoroastres barnsi Gabriel, 1945
- Papilio echerioides gabrieli Gauthier, 1984
}}
Papilio echerioides, the white-banded swallowtail, is a butterfly of the family Papilionidae. It is found in Sub-Saharan Africa.
The wingspan is 65–75 mm. It has two flight periods, first from January to March and second from September to November.{{cite book|last=Woodhall |first=Steve |title=Field Guide to Butterflies of South Africa |year=2005 |location=Cape Town, South Africa |publisher=Struik |isbn=978-1-86872-724-7 }}
The larvae feed on Clausena inaequalis, Toddalia lanceolata, Toddalia asiatica, Zanthoxylum capense, Zanthoxylum delagoense, Vepris lanceolata and Citrus species.
Description
Image:TransactionsRES1868PlateVI.jpg
The male is very similar to Papilio cynorta, but the median band, which is very pale yellow, tapers more strongly towards the apex. The pale spot in area (cell) 6 {{cite web | url=https://archive.org/stream/cbarchive_101755_theswallowtailbutterfliesofeas1960/Special_Supplement_6_1960_Carcasson#page/n3/mode/2up | title=The Swallowtail butterflies of East Africa (Lepidoptera, Papilionidae) | year=1960 | publisher=The East Africa Natural History Society }} of the forewing is always present (usually absent in P. cynorta). The female is a mimic of the butterflies Amauris echeria and Amauris albimaculata. The forewing is black with white spots, the hindwing black with a large pale ochreous discal area and white submarginal spots.
Taxonomy
Papilio echerioides is a member of the echerioides species group. This clade includes:
- Papilio echerioides Trimen, 1868
- Papilio fuelleborni Karsch, 1900
- Papilio jacksoni Sharpe, 1891
- Papilio sjoestedti Aurivillius, 1908
Subspecies
- P. e. ambangulu Clifton & Collins, 1997 Clifton M. & Collins, S. E. 1997 Clifton & Collins, 1997. In: d’Abrera, 1997. Butterflies of the Afrotropical region. Part 1 (Tanzania)
- P. e. chirindanus van Son, 1956 Van Son, G. 1956. New South African butterflies. Annals of the Transvaal Museum 22 (4): 503- 509. (Mozambique (Mount Gorongosa), eastern Zimbabwe)
- P. e. echerioides Trimen, 1868 Trimen, R. 1868. On some undescribed species of South African butterflies, including a new genus of Lycaenidae. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London 1868: 69-96. (South Africa, Eswatini)
- P. e. homeyeri Plötz, 1880 Plotz, C. 1880 Verzeichniss der vom Prof. Dr. R. Buchholz in West-Africa gesammelten Schmetterlinge. Stettiner Entomologische Zeitung 41: 298-307 (Angola, Democratic Republic of the Congo, south-western Tanzania, northern Zambia)
- P. e. joiceyi Gabriel, 1945 Gabriel, A.G. 1945. Notes on some Papilionidae (Lep. Rhopalocera), with descriptions of five new subspecies. Entomologist 78: 151-152. – Zoroaster swallowtail – (Sudan, Uganda, western Kenya, western Tanzania, Rwanda, Democratic Republic of the Congo)
- P. e. kiellandi Clifton & Collins, 1997 (southern Kenya, northern Tanzania)
- P. e. leucospilus Rothschild, 1902 .Rothschild, W. 1902. Some new African Lepidoptera discovered by Oscar Neumann. Novitates Zoologicae 9: 595-598.(Ethiopia: highlands south-east of Rift Valley)
- P. e. nioka (Berger, 1974) (Democratic Republic of the Congo)
- P. e. nyiro Carcasson, 1962Carcasson, R.H. 1962. New African lepidoptera. Journal of the East Africa Natural History Society and & Coryndon Museum 24 (1): 54-63. (Kenya)
- P. e. oscari Rothschild, 1902 (Ethiopia: highlands west of the Rift Valley)
- P. e. pseudowertheri Kielland, 1990 Kielland, J. 1990 Butterflies of Tanzania. Hill House, Melbourne and London: 1-363 (eastern and south-eastern Tanzania)
- P. e. shirensis (Hancock, 1987)Hancock, D. L. 1987 A new subspecies of Princeps echerioides (Trimen, 1863) from Malawi.Papilio International 3 (3): 193-195 (Malawi)
- P. e. wertheri Karsch, 1898 Karsch, F. 1898a. Uber die aus der Irangi-Expedition gesammelten Orthoptera und Lepidoptera.In: Werther, C.W. Die mittleren Hochlander des nordlichen Deutsch-Ost-Afrika 311-317. Berlin. (eastern Kenya, eastern and northern Tanzania)
- P. e. zoroastres Druce, 1878 Druce, H. 1878a. Descriptions of two new species of butterflies from West Africa.Entomologist’s Monthly Magazine 14: 226. [https://archive.org/details/entomologistsmon1314187678oxfo/page/226/mode/1up?view=theater Full text](Cameroon)
References
{{commons category}}
{{Wikispecies}}
{{Reflist}}
- Carcasson, R.H., 1960, "The Swallowtail Butterflies of East Africa (Lepidoptera, Papilionidae)". Journal of the East Africa Natural History Society [https://archive.org/details/cbarchive_101755_theswallowtailbutterfliesofeas1960 pdf] Key to East Africa members of the species group, diagnostic and other notes and figures. (Permission to host granted by The East Africa Natural History Society)
{{Taxonbar|from=Q7132884}}
Category:Butterflies described in 1868