Papirosa
{{Short description|Cigarette design}}
File:Belomorkanal cigarettes.jpg papirosy, one with the carboard mouthpiece compressed in the typical manner before smoking (left)]]
A papirosa ({{langx|ru|папироса}}, plural: papirosy) is an implement for tobacco smoking, a variant of filterless cigarettes. It consists of a hollow cardboard tube extended by a thin paper tube filled with tobacco.Tricia A. Starks, [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5637673/ A Revolutionary Attack on Tobacco: Bolshevik Antismoking Campaigns in the 1920s], Am J Public Health. 2017 November; 107(11): 1711–1717, {{doi|10.2105/AJPH.2017.304048}}Tricia Starks, Smoking under the Tsars. A History of Tobacco in Imperial Russia, Cornell University Press, 2018, {{ISBN|1501722077}} The cardboard tube acts as a cigarette holder and is called {{lang|ru|мундштук}} (mundshtuk) in Russian, from German Mund+Stück, literally, "mouthpiece".
Description
File:Osman cigarettes from Niva Magazine.jpg
Vasmer's Etymological Dictionary claims that the word is borrowed from Polish papieros for "cigarette", where it is a portmanteau word "papier-" ("paper") + "-ros", the tail of "cigarros".[https://lexicography.online/etymology/vasmer/%D0%BF/%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B0 "папироса"] in Vasmer's Etymological Dictionary
The inner end of the mouthpiece is cut into dents which are bent to keep tobacco from travelling into the mouth. Modern papirosy can also contain a filter inside the mouthpiece.[https://docs.cntd.ru/document/1200029221 МЕЖГОСУДАРСТВЕННЫЙ СТАНДАРТ. ПАПИРОСЫ. Общие технические условия]
The two paper tubes: the mouthpiece and the tube for tobacco are called together "(papirosa) sleeve" ({{langx|ru|Гильза папиросы}}). Papirosa sleeves may be sold separately to be filled with tobacco of choice using a special device, {{ill|cigarette stuffer|de|Zigarettenstopfer}} ({{langx|ru|набивочная машинка}}); the latter may also be used for stuffing any kind of cigarette tubes.[https://patents.google.com/patent/RU42398U1/ru Гильза папиросы] (patent)
While smoking, the mouthpiece is usually compressed to create two separate perpendicular flat surfaces, with one of them going into the mouth.
Papirosy was a unique Russian form of cigarettes invented in the 19th century. By 1914, 49,5% of all tobacco products produced in Russia was papirosy.
Notable brands
A popular cheap brand in the Soviet Union was Belomorkanal. These are still manufactured in some post-Soviet states.
It is claimed that Joseph Stalin's favorite tobacco to stuff his pipe was from {{ill|Herzegovina Flor|ru|Герцеговина Флор}} papirosy.[https://aif.ru/society/science/eti_sigarety_kuril_stalin_reportazh_iz_vserossiyskogo_instituta_tabaka «Эти сигареты курил Сталин»: репортаж из всероссийского института табака] It is possible that this is just a legend: the pipe requires a large cut of tobacco, otherwise it burns quickly. Film chronicles show that Stalin smoked cigarettes in a usual way.[https://autogear.ru/article/166/650/chem-znamenityi-papirosyi-gertsegovina-flor-i-pochemu-oni-tak-nazvanyi/ Узнаем чем знамениты папиросы «Герцеговина Флор» и почему они так названы] English translation: [https://en.delachieve.com/what-are-the-famous-herzegovina-flor-cigarettes-and-why-they-are-so-named/ What Are The Famous "Herzegovina Flor" Cigarettes And Why They Are So Named][https://tltaudit.ru/laboratory-tests/eti-sigarety-kuril-stalin-reportazh-iz-vserossiiskogo-instituta-tabaka-chto/ «Эти сигареты курил Сталин»: репортаж из всероссийского института табака. Что курил сталин Как работает курительная машина]
Other popular types include {{ill|Kazbek (papirosy|lt=Kazbek|ru|Казбек (папиросы)}}.
See also
References
{{reflist}}
External links
- [https://rucig.ru/pap Папиросные пачки СССР (только РСФСР) и России (на основе коллекции Павла Киселева). Фото, описание папирос]