Pará Arára language
{{Short description|Cariban language spoken in Brazil}}
{{distinguish|Mato Grosso Arára language}}
{{Infobox language
| name = Arára
| altname = Pará Arára
| nativename = {{lang|aap|Ugoroŋmo worondu}}
| states = Brazil
| region = Pará
| ethnicity = Arara people
| speakers = 340
| date = 2010
| ref = e18
| familycolor = cariban
| fam1 = Cariban
| fam2 = Pekodian
| fam3 = Arara
| iso3 = aap
| glotto = para1310
| glottorefname = Para Arara
| dia1 = Three different groups/dialects
| pronunciation = {{IPA|[ugɔɾɔŋˈmɔ]}}
}}
Arára ({{langx|aap|Ugoroŋmo worondu}}{{Cite journal |last=Souza |first=Shirley |date=2010-08-01 |title=The morphology of nouns in the Ugoroŋmo language (Arara of Pará) |url=https://commons.und.edu/theses/4465/ |journal=Theses and Dissertations}}) is a Cariban language of Pará, Brazil. It is spoken by the Arara and perhaps other related groups. Arára forms part of the Kampot dialect cluster along with Ikpeng, Apiaká do Tocantins, Parirí, and Yarumá.Carvalho, Fernando O. de (2020). [https://periodicos.unifap.br/index.php/linguasindigenas/article/view/6383 Tocantins Apiaká, Parirí and Yarumá as Members of the Pekodian Branch (Cariban)]. Revista Brasileira de Línguas Indígenas - RBLI. Macapá, v. 3, n. 1, p. 85-93, 2020.
Phonology
= Consonants =
| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" |
| colspan="2" |
! Bilabial ! Alveolar ! Palatal ! Velar ! Glottal |
|---|
| colspan="2" | Nasal
| {{IPA link|m}} | {{IPA link|n}} | | {{IPA link|ŋ}} | |
| rowspan="2" | Stop
! {{small|voiceless}} | {{IPA link|p}} | {{IPA link|t}} | | {{IPA link|k}} | |
| {{small|voiced}}
| {{IPA link|b}} | {{IPA link|d}} | | {{IPA link|ɡ}} | |
| colspan="2" | Affricate
| | | {{IPA link|tʃ}} | | |
| colspan="2" | Trill
| ({{IPA link|ʙ̥}}) | | | | |
| colspan="2" | Tap
| | {{IPA link|ɾ}} | | | |
| colspan="2" |Fricative
| | | | |({{IPA link|h}}) |
| colspan="2" | Approximant
| {{IPA link|w}} | {{IPA link|l}} | {{IPA link|j}} | | |
Two of the sixteen consonants, /ʙ̥, h/ occur infrequently. /ʙ̥/ only occurs in expressive words, or before the vowel /u/. /h/ only occurs after a coronal consonant, like /a/ or /u/.{{clarify|date=June 2023}} There is also a specially rare occurrence of two implosive consonants, {{IPAslink|ɓ}} and {{IPAslink|ɗ}}.
= Vowels =
Area
The language is spoken by a people which includes groups that are still uncontacted. They live mainly in three villages: Cachoeira Seca, Laranjal and Maia. However, the natives of the latter have switched to Portuguese, while 85 speakers still remain in Cachoeira Seca and 250 in Laranjal.
Animal talk
Linguist Isaac Costa de Souza studied the language and concluded some words were modified when used to talk to different animals.Isaac Costa de Souza, 2010, [http://www-01.sil.org/americas/brasil/publcns/ling/arpettlk.pdf A Phonological Description of "Pet Talk" in Arara] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131012055939/http://www-01.sil.org/americas/brasil/publcns/ling/ARPetTlk.pdf |date=2013-10-12 }}, M.A. thesis, University of North Dakota. The table below shows some modified words used when speaking to a capuchin monkey.
| class="wikitable" | ||
| Normal word | Capuchin word | English gloss |
|---|---|---|
| ɔɛt | ɔɛgɛt | rubber tree |
| aɛ | aɛge | wasp |
| ikpa | ikpaga | mud |
| kuɾi | kuligi | bead |
| kɔk | kɔgɔk | night, evening |
| nu | nugu | tumour, abscess |
| paɾu | palugu | water |
Different modifications are used according to the species of animal being addressed. The word ikpa, for example, might be modified as tɔkpa when addressing a dog, or as ĩkpã when addressing a howler monkey. Specific modifications may be used when talking to woodpeckers, tortoises, and coatis, among other animals.
References
{{Reflist}}
External links
- {{SAPhon|AraraPara|Arára, Pará}}
{{Languages of Brazil}}
{{Cariban languages}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Para Arara language}}
{{IndigenousAmerican-lang-stub}}