Parablepharismea

{{Short description|Class of single-celled organisms}}

{{Automatic taxobox

| display_parents = 3

| grandparent_authority = Rotterová et al., 2020

| parent_authority = Rotterová et al., 2020

| taxon = Parablepharismidae

| authority = Campello-Nunes et al., 2020

| subdivision_ranks = Genera

| subdivision =

• Kahlium
• Parablepharisma

}}

Parablepharismea is a class of free-living marine and brackish anaerobic ciliates{{Cite journal|last1=Rotterová|first1=Johana|last2=Salomaki|first2=Eric|last3=Pánek|first3=Tomáš|last4=Bourland|first4=William|last5=Žihala|first5=David|last6=Táborský|first6=Petr|last7=Edgcomb|first7=Virginia P.|last8=Beinart|first8=Roxanne A.|last9=Kolísko|first9=Martin|last10=Čepička|first10=Ivan|s2cid=216095971|date=April 2020|title=Genomics of New Ciliate Lineages Provides Insight into the Evolution of Obligate Anaerobiosis|journal=Current Biology|volume=30|issue=11|pages=2037–2050.e6|doi=10.1016/j.cub.2020.03.064|pmid=32330419|issn=0960-9822|doi-access=free|bibcode=2020CBio...30E2037R }} that form a major clade of obligate anaerobes within the SAL group (Spirotrichea, Armophorea, and Litostomatea), together with the classes Muranotrichea and Armophorea.

Parablepharismea are medium to large, elongated ciliates with navicular outline and holotrichous somatic ciliature composed of dikinetids without postciliodesmata.{{Cite journal|last1=Campello-Nunes|first1=Pedro H.|last2=Fernandes|first2=Noemi M.|last3=Szokoli|first3=Franziska|last4=Fokin|first4=Sergei I.|last5=Serra|first5=Valentina|last6=Modeo|first6=Letizia|last7=Petroni|first7=Giulio|last8=Soares|first8=Carlos A. G.|last9=Paiva|first9=Thiago da S.|last10=Silva-Neto|first10=Inácio D. da|date=2020-04-01|title=Parablepharisma (Ciliophora) is not a Heterotrich: A Phylogenetic and Morphological Study with the Proposal of New Taxa|journal=Protist|language=en|volume=171|issue=2|pages=125716|doi=10.1016/j.protis.2020.125716|pmid=32086115|s2cid=211246127 |issn=1434-4610}} Their oral ciliature is composed of bipartite paroral membrane and adoral zone of membranelles. They host a thick coat of prokaryotic ectosymbionts and cytoplasmic endosymbionts. They are found in micro-oxic marine to brackish habitats.

Parablepharismea may be related to the deep sea Cariacotrichea ciliates.{{Cite journal|last1=Orsi|first1=William|last2=Edgcomb|first2=Virginia|last3=Faria|first3=Jose|last4=Foissner|first4=Wilhelm|last5=Fowle|first5=William H.|last6=Hohmann|first6=Tine|last7=Suarez|first7=Paula|last8=Taylor|first8=Craig|last9=Taylor|first9=Gordon T.|last10=Vd'ačný|first10=Peter|last11=Epstein|first11=Slava S.|date=2012|title=Class Cariacotrichea, a novel ciliate taxon from the anoxic Cariaco Basin, Venezuela|journal=International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology|volume=62|issue=6|pages=1425–1433|doi=10.1099/ijs.0.034710-0|pmid=21841005|issn=1466-5026|doi-access=free}}

This class contains a single order, Parablepharismida, and family Parablepharismidae. The genus Parablepharisma{{Cite book|last=Kahl|first=Alfred|title=Urtiere oder Protozoa I: Wimpertiere oder Ciliata (Infusoria). Tierwelt. Die Tierwelt und der angrenzenden Meeresteile|publisher=Fischer|year=1932|location=Jena, Germany|pages=398 pages}}{{Cite book|last=Jankowski|first=A. W.|title=Handbook on Zoology, Phylum Ciliophora Doflein, 1901 Alimov, AF, editor. Protista, Part 2.|publisher=Nauka|year=2007|location=St. Petersburg, Russia|pages=415–993}} includes five species. The genus Kahlium includes a single species K. chlamydophorum with segmented paroral area and a twisted posterior.