Paralepistopsis amoenolens
{{Speciesbox
| image = Clitocybe amoenolens (illustration by Malençon).jpg
| taxon = Paralepistopsis amoenolens
| authority = (Malençon) Vizzini (2012)
| synonyms = Clitocybe amoenolens Malençon (1975)
}}
{{mycomorphbox
| name = Paralepistopsis amoenolens
| whichGills =
| capShape = depressed
| hymeniumType = gills
| stipeCharacter = bare
| ecologicalType = saprotrophic
| sporePrintColor = white
| howEdible = poisonous
}}
Paralepistopsis amoenolens is an agaric fungus in the Tricholomataceae family.{{Cite web |title=Species Fungorum - Paralepistopsis amoenolens (Malençon) Vizzini, Mycotaxon 120: 257 (2012) |url=http://www.speciesfungorum.org/Names/GSDSpecies.asp?RecordID=564341 |access-date=2022-07-19 |website=www.speciesfungorum.org}} It is commonly known as the paralysis funnel.Evans S, Kibby G. (2004). Pocket Nature: Fungi. Dorling Kindersley {{ISBN|0-7513-3696-3}}
Taxonomy
It was first described in 1975 by the French mycologist Georges Jean Louis Malençon from a specimen found in Morocco and classified as Clitocybe amoenolens.{{Cite web |title=Species Fungorum - Clitocybe amoenolens Malençon, in Malençon & Bertault, Trav. Inst. Sci. Chérifien, Sér. Bot. Biol. Veg. 33: 141 (1975) |url=http://www.speciesfungorum.org/Names/NamesRecord.asp?RecordID=311313 |access-date=2022-07-19 |website=www.speciesfungorum.org}}
In 2012, following DNA analysis, Vizzini and Ercole assigned this species to the new genus Paralepistopsis, which forms a separate clade from other Clitocybes.See {{cite journal |author1=Vizzini A |author2=Ercole E |year=2012 |title=Paralepistopsis gen. nov. and Paralepista (Basidiomycota, Agaricales) |journal=Mycotaxon |volume=120 |pages=253–267 |doi=10.5248/120.253 |hdl-access=free |hdl=2318/124414}}. The authors provide a phylogram which indicates the evidence that Paralepistopsis forms a separate clade. This change has been accepted by Index Fungorum and the Global Biodiversity Information Facility and so the correct name is currently Paralepistopsis amoenolens.{{cite web |title=Paralepistopsis amoenolens (Malençon) Vizzini, 2012 |url=https://www.gbif.org/species/8201706 |access-date=2017-02-25 |work=Global Biodiversity Information Facility |publisher=GBIF}}{{cite web |title=Paralepistopsis amoenolens page |url=http://www.speciesfungorum.org/Names/NamesRecord.asp?RecordID=564341 |access-date=2017-02-25 |work=Species Fungorum |publisher=Royal Botanic Gardens Kew}}
Toxicity
It was discovered to be poisonous after several people had consumed specimens all found in the alpine Maurienne valley in the Savoie department over three years. They had mistaken it for the edible common funnel cap (Infundibulicybe sp.) or Paralepista flaccida (formerly Lepista inversa).{{cite journal|vauthors=Saviuc PF, Danel VC, Moreau PA, Guez DR, Claustre AM, Carpentier PH, Mallaret MP, Ducluzeau R |year=2001|title=Erythromelalgia and mushroom poisoning |journal=J Toxicol Clin Toxicol |volume=39 |issue=4 |pages=403–07|doi=10.1081/CLT-100105162|pmid=11527236|s2cid=32805160}}
The resulting syndrome of fungus-induced erythromelalgia lasted from 8 days to 5 months, although one person exhibited symptoms for three years.{{cite journal |last=Diaz |first=James H. |date=February 2005 |title=Syndromic diagnosis and management of confirmed mushroom poisonings |journal=Critical Care Medicine |volume=33 |issue=2 |pages=427–36 |doi=10.1097/01.CCM.0000153531.69448.49 |pmid=15699849 |s2cid=24492593}}
This species contains acromelic acids including Acromelic acid A which is a potent neurotoxin with a chemical formula of C13H14N2O7 and is associated with causing paralysis and seizures{{Cite web |last=PubChem |title=Acromelic acid A |url=https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/108086 |access-date=2022-07-19 |website=pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov |language=en}}
Similar species
Paralepistopsis acromelalga is a poisonous species known from Japan, commonly called the poison dwarf bamboo mushroom. It had been discovered to be poisonous in 1918.{{cite journal |last=Ichimura |first=J |year=1918|title=A new poisonous mushroom |journal=Bot Gaz (Tokyo) |volume=65 |pages=10911}}
References
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