Parasitiformes

• Holothyrida - small group of scavenging mites native to former Gondwana landmasses
• Ixodida – ticks
• Mesostigmata – a large order of predatory and parasitic mites
• Opilioacarida – a small group of large, long-legged segmented mites.

Many species are parasitic (most famous of which are ticks), but not all. For example, about half of the 10,000 known species in the suborder Mesostigmata are predatory and cryptozoan, living in soil-litter, rotting wood, dung, carrion, nests or house dust. A few species have switched to grazing on fungi or ingesting spores or pollen. Phylogenetic relationships of the groups, after Klompen, 2010:{{Cite journal|last=Klompen|first=H.|date=2010-06-30|title=Holothyrids and ticks: new insights from larval morphology and DNA sequencing, with the description of a new species of Diplothyrus (Parasitiformes: Neothyridae)|url=http://www1.montpellier.inra.fr/CBGP/acarologia/article.php?id=1970|journal=Acarologia|volume=50|issue=2|pages=269–285|doi=10.1051/acarologia/20101970|s2cid=55284869 |issn=0044-586X|doi-access=free}}

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|1=Mesostigmata

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The phytoseiid mites, which account for about 15% of all described Mesostigmata are used with great success for biological control.

There are over 12,000 described species of Parasitiformes, and the total estimate is between 100,000 and 200,000 species.

{{gallery|Diplothyrus-lecorrei-n-sp-Adult-idiosoma-a-male-ventral-view-b-female-ventral.jpg|Ventral views of male (left) and female (right) of Diplothyrus lecorrei (Holothyrida, Neothyridae)|Opilioacarus_baeticus_(cropped).png|Specimen of Opilioacarus baeticus (Opilioacarida)|Dermanyssus_cfr_gallinae_(5021757436).jpg|Specimen of Dermanyssus (Mesostigmata, Dermanyssidae)|Parasitellus_talparum_dorsal.jpg|Specimen of Parasitellus (Mesostigmata, Parasitidae)|File:Beach Uropoda.jpg|Specimen of Uroobovella (Mesostigmata, Urodinychidae)|Nuttalliella_namaqua_cropped.png|Specimens of Nuttalliella (Ixodida, Nuttalliellidae)|width=200|height=180}}

The oldest known fossils of Parasitiformes, representing three out of the four modern groups, Ixodida, Mesostigmata, and Opilioacarida, are known from Cretaceous aged amber, dating to around 100 million years ago.{{Cite journal|last1=Joharchi|first1=Omid|last2=Vorontsov|first2=Dmitry D.|last3=Walter|first3=David Evans|date=2021-09-30|title=Oldest determined record of a mesostigmatic mite (Acari: Mesostigmata: Sejidae) in Cretaceous Burmese amber|url=https://www1.montpellier.inrae.fr/CBGP/acarologia/article.php?id=4463|journal=Acarologia|volume=61|issue=3|pages=641–649|doi=10.24349/goj5-BZms|s2cid=239420481 |doi-access=free}}{{cite journal|author=Jason A. Dunlop|author2=Leopoldo Ferreira de Oliveira Bernardi|name-list-style=amp|year=2014|title=An opilioacarid mite in Cretaceous Burmese amber|journal=Naturwissenschaften|volume=101|issue=9|pages=759–763|doi=10.1007/s00114-014-1212-0|pmid=25027588|s2cid=253637881 }}{{cite journal|display-authors=6|vauthors=Peñalver E, Arillo A, Delclòs X, Peris D, Grimaldi DA, Anderson SR, Nascimbene PC, Pérez-de la Fuente R|date=December 2017|title=Ticks parasitised feathered dinosaurs as revealed by Cretaceous amber assemblages|journal=Nature Communications|volume=8|issue=1|pages=1924|bibcode=2017NatCo...8.1924P|doi=10.1038/s41467-017-01550-z|pmc=5727220|pmid=29233973}} They are suspected to have diversified substantially earlier. The genetic divergence between the groups is less than that of Acariform mites, suggesting a younger origin, likely dating to the late Paleozoic.{{Cite journal|last1=Arribas|first1=Paula|last2=Andújar|first2=Carmelo|last3=Moraza|first3=María Lourdes|last4=Linard|first4=Benjamin|last5=Emerson|first5=Brent C|last6=Vogler|first6=Alfried P|date=2020-03-01|editor-last=Teeling|editor-first=Emma|title=Mitochondrial Metagenomics Reveals the Ancient Origin and Phylodiversity of Soil Mites and Provides a Phylogeny of the Acari|url=https://academic.oup.com/mbe/article/37/3/683/5610533|journal=Molecular Biology and Evolution|language=en|volume=37|issue=3|pages=683–694|doi=10.1093/molbev/msz255|pmid=31670799 |issn=0737-4038|doi-access=free|hdl=10261/209118|hdl-access=free}}

{{Reflist|refs=

{{Cite journal|last=Giribet|first=Gonzalo|date=March 2018|title=Current views on chelicerate phylogeny—A tribute to Peter Weygoldt|url=https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0044523118300044|journal=Zoologischer Anzeiger|language=en|volume=273|pages=7–13|doi=10.1016/j.jcz.2018.01.004|s2cid=90344977 |url-access=subscription}}

Schweizer, J. (1949). Die Landmilben des schweizerischen Nationalparks: Teil 1. Liestal: Lüdin.

Lindquist, E.E.; Walter, D.E.; Krantz, G.W. (2009) A manual of Acarology, 3 Edit. Lubbock: Texas Tech, pp. 97-103

Hans Klompen, Mariam Lekveishvili, William C. Black IV, Phylogeny of parasitiform mites (Acari) based on rRNA, Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, Volume 43, Issue 3, June 2007, Pages 936-951

John F Anderson, The natural history of ticks, Medical Clinics of North America, Volume 86, Issue 2, March 2002, Pages 205-218

Evolution of ticks. Klompen, J.S.; Black, W.C.; Keirans, J.E.; Oliver, J.H. Annual Review of Entomology, 1996, Vol.41, pp.141-61

{{cite journal | last1 = Barker | first1 = S.C. | last2 = Murrell | first2 = A. | year = 2004 | title = Systematics and evolution of ticks with a list of valid genus and species names | url = https://tede.ufrrj.br/jspui/handle/jspui/2545| journal = Parasitology | volume = 129 | issue = 7| pages = S15–S36 | doi = 10.1017/S0031182004005207 | pmid = 15938503 | s2cid = 38865837 }}

{{Cite journal

| title = Superorder Parasitiformes: In: Zhang, Z-Q. (ed.) Animal biodiversity: an outline of higher-level classification and survey of taxonomic richness

| date = 2011

| last1 = Beaulieu | first1 = Frédéric

| editor-last1 = Zhang | editor-first1 = Zhi-Qiang

| journal = Zootaxa

| volume = 3148

| doi = 10.11646/zootaxa.3148.1.23

| isbn = 978-1-86977-849-1

| issn = 1175-5326

| url = https://www.mapress.com/zootaxa/list/2011/3148.html

| url-access = subscription

}}

{{Cite journal

| title = Mitochondrial Metagenomics Reveals the Ancient Origin and Phylodiversity of Soil Mites and Provides a Phylogeny of the Acari

| date = 2019

| last1 = Arribas | first1 = Paula

| last2 = Andújar | first2 = Carmelo

| last3 = Moraza | first3 = María Lourdes

| last4 = Linard | first4 = Benjamin

| last5 = Emerson | first5 = Brent C.

| last6 = Vogler | first6 = Alfried P.

| display-authors = 4

| journal = Molecular Biology and Evolution

| volume = 37| issue = 3

| pages = 683–694

| url = https://academic.oup.com/mbe/article/37/3/683/5610533

| doi = 10.1093/molbev/msz255| pmid = 31670799

| doi-access = free

| hdl = 10261/209118

| hdl-access = free

}}

{{Cite web| title=Parasitiformes Report

| url=https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=82758

| website=Integrated Taxonomic Information System

| access-date=2021-10-31

}}

{{Cite book

| title = Acarorum Catalogus VI, Order Mesostigmata

| date = 2020

| editor-last1 = Beron | editor-first1 = Petar

| publisher = Pensoft

| isbn = 978-619-248-006-6

| url = https://ab.pensoft.net/book/54206/

| doi = 10.3897/ab.e54206| doi-access = free

}}

{{Cite journal

| title = Catalogue of the mite family Rhodacaridae Oudemans, with noyes on the classification of the Rhodacaroidea (Acari: Mesostigmata)

| date = 2012

| last1 = Castilho | first1 = Raphael de Campos

| last2 = Moraes | first2 = Gilberto

| last3 = Halliday | first3 = R. B.

| journal = Zootaxa

| volume = 3471

| url = https://www.researchgate.net/publication/260290201

| doi = 10.11646/zootaxa.3471.1.1

}}

}}

{{Arachnida}}

{{Acari}}

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Category:Arachnid orders

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