Parcel post

File:TV set (46 inch) in self-customized box for sending via parcel service N.3.jpg with 46 inches packed in a cardbox package, delivered via a delivery van|293x293px]]

Parcel post is a postal service for mail that is too heavy for normal letter post. It is usually slower than letter post. The development of the parcel post is closely connected with the development of the railway network which enabled parcels to be carried in bulk, to a regular schedule, and at economical prices. Today, many parcels also travel by road and international shipments may travel by sea or airmail.

Development of domestic parcel posts

The idea of a parcel post may be credited to Germany, where the growth of railways had brought uniform postal rates throughout Germany and Austria in 1857. The practice of forwarding parcels with the mail, however, had been in use in Austria since the seventeenth century and in some German states is said to date to the fifteenth century. In the first year after the establishment of the domestic parcel post in Germany (1874), 38,862,654 parcels were carried, rising to 62,946,100 by 1881.Jones, Chester Lloyd, [https://archive.org/details/jstor-1820220 "The Parcel Post in Foreign Countries"], The Journal of Political Economy, Vol. 22, No. 6 (June 1914), pp. 509–525.

History

=1881: Universal Postal Union agreement=

File:Belgium railway parcel stamp 1881.jpg used in 1881 at Verviers]]

The international parcel service, which allowed the orderly shipment of mailed packages and parcels from one country to another according to predetermined rates, was established by the Universal Postal Union on 1 October 1881 (Great Britain, India, The Netherlands and Persia, 1 April 1882), following the agreement of 1880 in Paris during a three-week conference on the subject.[http://www.scc-online.org/ph02may.pdf The 1880 UPU Parcel Post Convention and Swedish Foreign Parcel Mail, 1881 - 1921] by Sören Andersson in The Posthorn, Scandinavian Collectors Club, May 2002. [https://web.archive.org/web/20131113010202/http://www.scc-online.org/ph02may.pdf Archived here.] The service was difficult to introduce as in several countries the carriage of parcels was a monopoly of the railway companies, and Egypt, Great Britain, India, Canada and Italy all initially claimed that there was no parcel service in their country."The Universal Postal Union: Its History and Progress. A paper read before the Leeds Philatelic Society by E. Egly, President, on December 19th, 1905." in The London Philatelist, Vol. XV, No. 169, January 1906, pp. 2-11.

= Great Britain and the Commonwealth =

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The British domestic parcel post service was established on 1 August 1883.[http://www.railwaysarchive.co.uk/docsummary.php?docID=668 Post-Office (Parcels) Act 1882] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131113020409/http://www.railwaysarchive.co.uk/docsummary.php?docID=668 |date=2013-11-13 }}, 45 & 46 Vict. ch. 74. Commonwealth and foreign parcel post services were also established.{{when|date=November 2013}}{{citation needed|date=November 2013}} The eight Australasian colonies (South Australia, Western Australia, New South Wales, Queensland, Victoria, Tasmania, New Zealand, British New Guinea and Fiji) and the other separate postal services of the colonies joined the UPU in 1891.{{Citation needed|date=December 2008}} By 1909/10, over 118 million parcels annually were being carried in the U.K., around 2.5% of which were international.

=United States=

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{{see also|United States Postal Service#History|label 1=History of U.S. Postal service}}

The United States, as a signatory, started foreign parcel services in 1887The New York Times. "The Parcel Post System". 24 April 1887 but did not institute domestic services until 1913.{{cite web |title=Parcel Post: Delivery of Dreams: Introduction |publisher=Smithsonian Institution Libraries |date=2004 |url=http://www.sil.si.edu/ondisplay/parcelpost/intro.htm |access-date=11 December 2008 |archive-date=2 May 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150502220355/http://www.sil.si.edu/ondisplay/parcelpost/intro.htm |url-status=live }}

The USPS, successor to the U.S. Post Office, officially ended International Parcel Post service in May 2007 after some 120 years of existence. International Parcel Post service was replaced by First-class Mail International service for parcels up to four pounds. For heavier parcels and/or printed matter, Priority Mail International, Priority Mail International Flat-Rate, Express Mail International, Airmail M-Bags, and Global Express Guaranteed service is available to foreign countries allowing these types of mail delivery.

USPS Domestic Parcel Post was an affordable method of sending large parcels of up to seventy pounds and a maximum combined length and girth of one hundred and thirty inches via ground transportation across the U.S.[https://www.usps.com/send/parcel-post.htm USPS.Com: Parcel Post], retrieved 26 January 2012 {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120124082921/https://www.usps.com/send/parcel-post.htm |date=January 24, 2012 }} Effective January 27, 2013, the USPS renamed its parcel post service from 'Parcel Post' to 'Standard Post'.{{cite web|last1=Sheehan|first1=Brian|title=Parcel Post renamed "Standard Post"|url=http://postalnews.com/postalnewsblog/2013/01/18/parcel-post-renamed-standard-post/|website=postalnews blog|access-date=May 13, 2015|archive-date=May 18, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150518092600/http://postalnews.com/postalnewsblog/2013/01/18/parcel-post-renamed-standard-post/|url-status=live}}{{cite web|title=USPS New Prices and Services for 2013|url=http://www.endicia.com/price-change-2013|publisher=Endicia|access-date=May 13, 2015|archive-date=May 9, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150509164622/http://www.endicia.com/price-change-2013|url-status=live}} Effective January 17, 2016, the USPS renamed the service again, from "Standard Post" to "USPS Retail Ground", a name intended to resemble those of competing services UPS Ground and FedEx Ground.

Commercial Parcel Post service is now under the "Parcel Select" name.

=Private couriers=

File:FedEx MD-11F N607FE.jpg

Private couriers have existed since goods first needed to be transported from place to place.{{citation needed|date=May 2015}} Before the development of state-run parcel posts, many stagecoach and railway companies had a thriving parcel service and private companies continue to run their own delivery networks today through firms like FedEx Express or DHL Express, even owning their own aircraft for long distance deliveries. Numerous smaller firms provide domestic and international courier services.

Road transport services

File:Great Britain private parcel service stamps - 4.jpg

Before the development of the railway network, road transport was the principal means of parcel transport. Services by road continued to thrive even during the railway age, including by bus, tram and trolley car.King, Shelden S. (1987) Trolleys of the Triple Cities. Interlaken, New York, p. 19. {{ISBN|0932334989}} This book gives details of a Package Express Service that operated on the trolley network in Binghamton and Endicott up to around 1918.Beech, David. [https://web.archive.org/web/20111007092625/http://sherpa.bl.uk/116/01/PA-13_Omnibus_Parcels.pdf Great Britain and Ireland: The Carriage of Parcels by Tramway and Omnibus: Services and Stamps]. London: British Library, 2008.

Size limits

The size can range from a standard mail package to a box large enough to protect what is sent, up to a size that can be transported in a wheelbarrow.

Tracking

Parcels often bear a barcode so they can be tracked at all the stages up to their reception by the final recipient.{{cite book|first1=Kenneth C.|last1=Laudon|author1-link=Kenneth C. Laudon|first2=Jane Price|last2=Laudon|title=Essentials of Management Information Systems|edition=2|url=https://archive.org/details/essentialsofmana0000laud_y5q2/page/8/mode/1up?q=%22bar+code%22|url-access=registration|year=1996|publisher=Prentice Hall|isbn=0135955963|page=8}}

References

USPS Standard Post