Parenchyma#Renal parenchyma

The term parenchyma is Neo-Latin from the Ancient Greek word {{lang|grc|παρέγχυμα}} {{lang|grc-Latn|parenchyma}} meaning 'visceral flesh', and from {{lang|grc|παρεγχεῖν}} {{lang|grc-Latn|parenkhein}} meaning 'to pour in' from {{lang|grc|παρα-}} {{lang|grc-Latn|para-}} 'beside' + {{lang|grc|ἐν}} {{lang|grc-Latn|en-}} 'in' + {{lang|grc|χεῖν}} {{lang|grc-Latn|khein}} 'to pour'.{{cite book |first1=Priscilla |last1=LeMone |first2=Karen |last2=Burke |first3=Trudy |last3=Dwyer |first4=Tracy |last4=Levett-Jones |first5=Lorna |last5=Moxham |first6=Kerry |last6=Reid-Searl |first7=Kamaree |last7=Berry |first8=Keryln |last8=Carville |first9=Majella |last9=Hales |first10=Nicole |last10=Knox |first11=Yoni |last11=Luxford |first12=Debra |last12=Raymond |year=2013 |chapter=Parenchyma |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MDXiBAAAQBAJ&pg=RA1-PA48 |page=G–18 |title=Medical-Surgical Nursing |publisher=Pearson Australia |isbn=978-1-4860-1440-8 |access-date=2015-05-21 |archive-date=2015-11-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151130011238/https://books.google.com/books?id=MDXiBAAAQBAJ&pg=RA1-PA48 |url-status=live }}

Originally, Erasistratus and other anatomists used it for certain human tissues.Virchow, R.L.K. (1863). Cellular pathology as based upon physiological and pathological histology [...] by Rudolf Virchow. Translated from the 2nd ed. of the original by Frank Chance. With notes and numerous emendations, principally from MS. notes of the author. 1–562. [Cf. p. 339.] [https://books.google.com/books?id=CklHAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA339 link] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210427135524/https://books.google.com/books?id=CklHAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA339 |date=2021-04-27 }}. Later, it was also applied to plant tissues by Nehemiah Grew.Gager, C. S. 1915. The ballot for names for the exterior of the laboratory building, Brooklyn Botanic Garden. Rec. Brooklyn Bot. Gard. IV, pp. 105–123. [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/40870#page/129/mode/1up link] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171110225417/https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/40870#page/129/mode/1up |date=2017-11-10 }}.

The parenchyma is the functional parts of an organ, or of a structure such as a tumour in the body. This is in contrast to the stroma, which refers to the structural tissue of organs or of structures, namely, the connective tissues.{{citation needed|date=August 2023}}

{{anchor|cerebral parenchyma}}The brain parenchyma refers to the functional tissue in the brain that is made up of the two types of brain cell, neurons and glial cells.{{Cite web | url=http://www.wisegeek.org/what-is-the-brain-parenchyma.htm | title=What is the Brain Parenchyma? (With pictures) | access-date=2015-12-28 | archive-date=2016-01-05 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160105073119/http://www.wisegeek.org/what-is-the-brain-parenchyma.htm | url-status=live }} It is also known to contain collagen proteins.{{Cite journal|last=Arachchige|first=Arosh S Perera Molligoda|date=2021-03-16|title=Collagen proteins are found also within the neural parenchyma in the healthy CNS|journal=AIMS Neuroscience|volume=8|issue=3|pages=355–356|doi=10.3934/Neuroscience.2021019|issn=2373-8006|pmc=8222768|pmid=34183986}} Damage or trauma to the brain parenchyma often results in a loss of cognitive ability or even death. Bleeding into the parenchyma is known as intraparenchymal hemorrhage.{{cite journal| author=Freeman WD, Aguilar MI| title=Intracranial hemorrhage: diagnosis and management. | journal=Neurol Clin | year= 2012 | volume= 30 | issue= 1 | pages= 211-40, ix | pmid=22284061 | doi=10.1016/j.ncl.2011.09.002 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=22284061 }}

Lung parenchyma is the substance of the lung that is involved with gas exchange and includes the pulmonary alveoli.{{Cite journal|last=Suki|first=B|date=July 2011|title=Lung parenchymal mechanics.|journal=Comprehensive Physiology|volume=1|issue=3|pages=1317–1351|pmid=23733644|pmc=3929318|doi=10.1002/cphy.c100033|isbn=9780470650714}}

The liver parenchyma is the functional tissue of the organ made up of around 80% of the liver volume as hepatocytes. The other main type of liver cells are non-parenchymal. Non-parenchymal cells constitute 40% of the total number of liver cells but only 6.5% of its volume.{{cite book |author=Kmieć Z |title=Cooperation of Liver Cells in Health and Disease |chapter=Introduction — Morphology of the Liver Lobule |volume=161 |pages=iii–xiii, 1–151 |year=2001 |pmid=11729749|doi=10.1007/978-3-642-56553-3_1 |series=Advances in Anatomy Embryology and Cell Biology |isbn=978-3-540-41887-0 }}

The renal parenchyma is divided into two major structures: the outer renal cortex and the inner renal medulla. Grossly, these structures take the shape of 7 to 18{{Cite journal|title=Correlation of Kidney Size to Number of Renal Pyramids in the Goat Kidney|first1=Leah|last1=Ashton|first2=Russ|last2=Gullekson|first3=Mary|last3=Hurley|first4=Marion|last4=Olivieri|date=April 1, 2017|journal=The FASEB Journal|volume=31|issue=1_supplement|pages=899.5|doi=10.1096/fasebj.31.1_supplement.899.5|doi-access=free |s2cid=208553793 }} cone-shaped renal lobes, each containing renal cortex surrounding a portion of medulla called a renal pyramid.{{cite book |author=Walter F. Boron |title=Medical Physiology: A Cellular And Molecular Approach |publisher=Elsevier/Saunders |year=2004 |isbn=978-1-4160-2328-9 }}

The tumor parenchyma, of a solid tumour, is one of the two distinct compartments in a solid tumour. The parenchyma is made up of neoplastic cells. The other compartment is the stroma induced by the neoplastic cells, needed for nutritional support and waste removal. In many types of tumour, clusters of parenchymal cells are separated by a basal lamina that can sometimes be incomplete.{{cite journal |last1=Connolly |first1=James L. |last2=Schnitt |first2=Stuart J. |last3=Wang |first3=Helen H. |last4=Longtine |first4=Janina A. |last5=Dvorak |first5=Ann |last6=Dvorak |first6=Harold F. |title=Tumor Structure and Tumor Stroma Generation |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK13447/ |website=Holland-Frei Cancer Medicine. 6th edition |language=en |date=2003 |access-date=2019-10-01 |archive-date=2020-12-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201219143709/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK13447/ |url-status=live }}

Parenchyma is the tissue made up of cells and intercellular spaces that fills the interior of the body of a flatworm, which is an acoelomate. This is a spongy tissue also known as a mesenchymal tissue, in which several types of cells are lodged in their extracellular matrices. The parenchymal cells include myocytes, and many types of specialised cells. The cells are often attached to each other and also to their nearby epithelial cells mainly by gap junctions and hemidesmosomes. There is much variation in the types of cell in the parenchyma according to the species and anatomical regions. Its possible functions may include skeletal support, nutrient storage, movement, and many others.{{Cite journal|last=Conn|first=D|date=1993|title=The Biology of Flatworms (Platyhelminthes): Parenchyma Cells and Extracellular Matrices.|journal=Transactions of the American Microscopical Society|volume=112|issue=4|pages=241–261|doi=10.2307/3226561|jstor=3226561}}

{{reflist}}

• {{wiktionary-inline}}

{{biological tissue}}{{authority control}}

category:tissues (biology)