Paris-Saclay University

{{short description|Public research university based in Paris, France}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2024}}

{{Infobox university

| name = Paris-Saclay University

| native_name = Université Paris-Saclay

| native_name_lang = fr

| former_name = University of Paris Sud XI
Paris Faculty of Sciences in Orsay

| image = 250px

{{Photomontage

|photo1a = Château de Launay, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France.jpg

|photo1b = Campus Agro Paris-Saclay.jpg

|photo2a = École_normale_supérieure_Paris-Saclay_5_-_Université_Paris-Saclay.jpg

|photo2b = Lumen0224.jpg

|photo4a = LAL_Paris-Saclay.JPG

|photo4b = CEA Saclay.JPG

|size = 250

|space = 2

}}

| city = Orsay

| province = Île-de-France

| country = France

| coor = {{coord|48.7117343|2.1712888|type:edu|display=inline,title}}

| campus = Midsize city

| campus_size = {{Convert|200|ha|acre}}

| chancellor = Bernard Beignier (Chancellor of the universities of Paris)

| president = Prof. Camille GALAP{{Cite web |title = Election of the president of Université Paris-Saclay |url = https://www.universite-paris-saclay.fr/en/news/election-president-universite-paris-saclay |work = universite-paris-saclay.fr |access-date = 11 June 2024}}

| established = c. 1150 University of Paris
1956 University of Paris in Orsay
1971 Paris-Sud University
2014 As a community{{Cite web |title = Establishment of Université Paris-Saclay «Décret n° 2014-1674 du 29 décembre 2014" |url = https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/eli/decret/2014/12/29/MENS1425099D/jo |work = legifrance.gouv.fr |access-date = 29 May 2016}}
2019 Replaces Paris-Sud University

| affiliation = Chancellery of the Universities of Paris
Udice Group

| type = Public research university

| students = {{formatnum:60000}}{{Cite web |title = A World Class University |url = http://www.epps.fr/en/a-global-cluster/a-world-class-university/ |work = epps.fr |access-date = 6 November 2016 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150924001532/http://www.epps.fr/en/a-global-cluster/a-world-class-university/ |archive-date = 2015-09-24 |url-status = dead }}

| undergrad = {{formatnum:5400}}

| postgrad = {{formatnum:23300}}

| doctoral = {{formatnum:6000}}

| faculty = {{formatnum:10500}}

| nickname =

| website = {{URL|www.universite-paris-saclay.fr/en|universite-paris-saclay.fr}}

}}

Paris-Saclay University ({{langx|fr|Université Paris-Saclay}}, {{IPA|fr|ynivɛʁsite paʁi saklɛ|pron}}) is a combined technological research institute and public research university in Orsay, France. Paris-Saclay was established in 2019 after the merger of four technical grandes écoles, as well as several technological institutes, engineering schools, and research facilities; giving it fifteen constituent colleges with over 48,000 students combined.{{Cite web |last=ghislaine.gris@universite-paris-saclay.fr |date=9 December 2019 |title=About Université Paris-Saclay |url=http://www.universite-paris-saclay.fr/en/about/universite-paris-saclay |access-date=2023-06-08 |website=Université Paris-Saclay |language=en}}

With the merger, the French government has explicitly voiced their wish to rival top American technological research institutes, such as MIT.{{Cite news |last=Staley |first=Oliver |date=13 March 2014 |title=Nations Chasing Harvard Merge Colleges to Ascend Rankings |work=bloomberg.com |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/2014-03-13/nations-chasing-harvard-merge-universities-to-ascend-rankings.html |access-date=13 March 2014}}{{cite news |first=Nic |last=Mitchell |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-34902884 |title=Big is beautiful for merging universities |work=BBC News |date=25 November 2015}}{{Cite news |title=How France created a university to rival MIT |newspaper=The Economist |url=https://www.economist.com/europe/2020/08/29/how-france-created-a-university-to-rival-mit |access-date=2023-06-08 |issn=0013-0613}} The university has over 275 laboratories in particle physics,[http://www.lal.in2p3.fr/ Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire]. Lal.in2p3.fr. Retrieved on 16 June 2014. nuclear physics,[http://ipnwww.in2p3.fr/ Institut de Physique Nucléaire d'Orsay]. ipnwww.in2p3.fr. Retrieved on 3 November 2019.{{Cite web |title=French national synchrotron facility |url=https://www.synchrotron-soleil.fr/en}} astrophysics,{{cite web |url=http://www.ias.u-psud.fr/en |title=Institut d'Astrophysique Spatiale |trans-title= |website=ias.u-psud.fr |access-date=2019-11-03 |language=fr}} atomic physics and molecular physics,[http://www.lac.u-psud.fr/ Laboratoire Aimé Cotton – UPR 3321]. Lac.u-psud.fr. Retrieved on 16 June 2014. condensed matter physics,Laboratory of Solid State Physics, http://www.lps.u-psud.fr/?lang=en theoretical physics,[http://www.th.u-psud.fr/ Laboratoire de Physique Théorique d'Orsay]. Th.u-psud.fr. Retrieved on 16 June 2014. electronics, nanoscience and nanotechnology.[https://www.c2n.universite-paris-saclay.fr/en/ Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies]. c2n.universite-paris-saclay.fr. Retrieved 3 November 2019 It is part of the larger Paris-Saclay cluster, which is a research-intensive academic campus encompassing Paris-Saclay University, the Polytechnic Institute of Paris, combined with a business cluster for high-technology corporations.{{cite web |author=Université Paris-Sud / Zee Agency |title=Paris-Sud University is part of Paris-Saclay's project – Université Paris-Sud |url=http://www.u-psud.fr/en/university/paris-saclay.html |work=u-psud.fr}}{{Cite news |date=10 December 2014 |title=France plans elite top-10 mega-university |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/business-30347441 |access-date=29 May 2016 |work=BBC News}} Paris-Saclay notably also includes the Institut des Hautes Études Scientifiques, where many contributions to the development of modern mathematics have been made, among them modern algebraic geometry and catastrophe theory.{{Cite web |title=The IHÉS at Forty |url=http://www.ams.org/notices/199903/ihes-changes.pdf |access-date=2021-04-30 |website=ams.org}}

Paris-Saclay has two main campuses: the 495-acre Plateau urban campus, straddling Orsay, Gif-sur-Yvette and Palaiseau (with the Campus Agro Paris-Saclay) and centered on the Quartier de Moulon; and the historic campus in the valley, centered around the Château de Launay, the university's former headquarters.{{Cite web |title=Le patrimoine de la ville |url=https://www.mairie-orsay.fr/orsay-vous/histoire-et-patrimoine/le-patrimoine-de-la-ville |access-date=2024-08-27 |website=www.mairie-orsay.fr}} It also has several decentralized campuses, such as the medical campus in Bicêtre Hospital at Kremlin-Bicêtre, and the law faculty campus at Sceaux. The University of Versailles and the University of Évry, both part of Paris-Saclay, have campuses in Versailles, Guyancourt, Vélizy-Villacoublay, Saint-Germain-en-Laye and Évry-Courcouronnes.

As of 2021, 11 Fields Medalists and 4 Nobel Prize winners have been affiliated with the university and its associated research institutes.{{Cite web |title=Hugo Duminil-Copin has been awarded the Fields Medal |url=https://www.ihes.fr/en/hugo-duminil-copin-laureate-fields-medal/ |access-date=2022-07-11 |website=ihes.fr}}

History

In 2019, the Paris-Saclay University succeeded University of Paris-Sud founded in 1971,{{Cite web |last=à 12h31 |first=Par Lola BretonLe 8 juillet 2020 |date=8 July 2020 |title=Paris-Saclay à la première place en maths du classement de Shanghai, «une conséquence de notre politique |trans-title= |url=https://www.leparisien.fr/essonne-91/paris-saclay-a-la-premiere-place-en-maths-du-classement-de-shanghai-une-consequence-de-notre-politique-08-07-2020-8349399.php |access-date=2020-08-06 |website=leparisien.fr |language=fr-FR}} which itself succeeded to University of Paris (in Orsay), founded {{circa|1150}}.

The Paris-Saclay University was established in 2015 as a universities community (ComUE) and in 2019 as a collegiate university, with the aim to become a top-ranking, research-focused French university.

= 20th century =

== University of Paris research centres in Orsay, on the Saclay plateau ==

{{see also|University of Paris|}}

After World War II, the rapid growth of nuclear physics and chemistry meant that research needed more and more powerful accelerators, which required large areas. The University of Paris, the École Normale Supérieure and the Collège de France looked for space in the south of Paris near Orsay.

As early as the 1940s, the French physicists Irène Joliot-Curie and Frédéric Joliot-Curie, professors at the Faculty of Science at the University of Paris, had already envisaged decentralising the university to the southern suburbs of Paris, near Versailles. In 1942, Irène Joliot-Curie even informed the university's rector of the existence of a potential site near Orsay, on the Saclay plateau.

In the 1950s, a number of Grandes Ecoles and university research departments were set up in the immediate vicinity of the Saclay plateau. In 1954, France decided to combine its participation in CERN with the development of its own nuclear physics research.

In 1955, the University of Paris moved into the Saclay plateau with the purchase of 50 hectares of land in Orsay. Irène Joliot-Curie proposed the creation of the Orsay Institute of Nuclear Physics, and construction work began in 1955. She died in 1956, and Frédéric became the Institute's first director. At the same time, the Orsay Linear Accelerator Laboratory (LAL) of the University of Paris was built.

The rapid increase of students and the teaching situation at the Sorbonne (the main campus of the University of Paris) was becoming increasingly critical. So in 1958 it was decided to transfer some of the science teaching at the University of Paris to Orsay.

== The University of Paris-Sud ==

{{see also|University of Paris-Sud|}}

In 1965, the Orsay science campus officially became independent from the University of Paris. After being the Orsay Faculty of Sciences of the University of Paris, separate from the Paris Faculty of Sciences, it became a full university, the University of Paris-Sud (Paris XI) in 1971. The Faculty of Sciences was joined by the Faculty of Medicine at Kremlin-Bicêtre, the Jean Monnet Faculty of Law and Economics at Sceaux and the Faculty of Pharmacy at Châtenay-Malabry, creating a multidisciplinary university in the south of Paris.

= 21st century =

== The ''Campus Paris-Saclay'' scientific cooperation foundation (FCS) ==

In 2007, a research and higher education hub was created in Orsay and Saclay. The hub has three founding members: the University of Paris-Sud, the University of Versailles and the École normale supérieure de Cachan, the future ‘ENS Paris-Saclay’.Décret {{numéro|2007-379}}

File:Château de Launay, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France.jpg, in June 2021.]]

In 2008, the University of Paris-Sud and the University of Versailles were among the 21 winning institutions of the France's Plan Campus, with which the Saclay research and higher education hub is associated. These institutions then embarked on a larger-scale cooperation, namely the creation of a collegiate university: the Université Paris-Saclay. The university project was launched following its validation by the French Ministry of Higher Education and Research as part of the Campus Plan.{{cite web|access-date=22 July 2014 |date=2 February 2008 |title=L'Opération Campus : un plan exceptionnel en faveur de l'immobilier universitaire |url=http://www.enseignementsup-recherche.gouv.fr/cid56024/l-operation-campus-plan-exceptionnel-en-faveur-de-l-immobilier-universitaire.html |website=enseignementsup-recherche.gouv.fr}}

The Campus Paris-Saclay scientific cooperation foundation, chaired at the time by Alain Bravo, was set up to bring together the various academic and scientific establishments, manage the Digiteo and Triangle de la physique advanced research thematic networks (RTRA) and create the community.{{harvsp|texte=Décret du 25 janvier 2011|id=dec2011}}. With the planned development of the Paris-Saclay technology hub, many institutions are planning to move there.{{cite web|access-date=1 August 2014 |date=24 September 2010 |title=Sarkozy annonce l’arrivée d’écoles de prestige sur le campus Paris-Saclay |url=http://www.lepoint.fr/politique/sarkozy-annonce-l-arrive-d-ecoles-de-prestige-sur-le-campus-paris-saclay-24-09-2010-1240900_20.php |website=Le Point}}{{cite web|author=Sophie Blitman |date=10 November 2011 |title=Les mines de Paris jugent incompatible l’Idex de Saclay avec le projet ParisTech |url=http://www.letudiant.fr/educpros/actualite/les-mines-de-paris-jugent-incompatible-lidex-de-saclay-avec-le-projet-paristech.html |website=letudiant.fr/educpros}}.

== The university system 'Université Paris-Saclay' ==

In 2014, the various members adopted the statutes of the Paris-Saclay University system (ComUE), enabling it to award bachelor's, master's and doctoral degrees. Ultimately, the university system is to become a full university.

The university system's first academic year started in September 2015.{{Cite web |title=Creation of University of Paris-Saclay |url=http://www.actu.u-psud.fr/fr/etablissement/actualites-2015/l-universite-paris-saclay-officiellement-creee.html |work=Universite Paris Sud/}}

To be recognized as an entity of sufficient size and quality, the university regroups some of the top grandes écoles in France with public universities under a single campus on the Saclay plateau. Each member institution will remain independent but share a significant portion of existing and newly invested resources. This follows a model similar to the one adopted by University of Oxford and Cambridge, where each constituent college keeps its independence while being grouped under a 'university'. According to Dominique Vernay, chairman of the foundation developing Paris-Saclay, the university aims at a top-ten position in the Academic Ranking of World Universities (ARWU), but "the first goal is to be the top university in continental Europe".

Confronted with disagreements between its members (between the schools and universities, or between their supervisory ministries), the project stagnated, as the Cour des Comptes noted in its report of 8 February 2017, pointing in particular to a lack of housing and transport facilities, as well as a lack of strategic vision, despite the five billion euros planned (committed or envisaged).{{cite web|access-date=11 February 2023 |author=Camille Stromboni et Marine Miller |date=29 September 2016 |title=À Saclay, la guerre froide entre grandes écoles et universités s’intensifie |url=https://www.lemonde.fr/campus/article/2016/09/29/a-saclay-la-guerre-froide-entre-grandes-ecoles-et-universites-s-intensifie_5005155_4401467.html |website=lemonde.fr}}.{{cite web|access-date=13 February 2023 |author=Cour des comptes |date=8 February 2017 |title=Le projet Paris-Saclay : le risque de dilution d’une grande ambition |url=https://www.ccomptes.fr/sites/default/files/EzPublish/09-projet-Paris-Saclay-Tome-1.pdf |website=ccomptes.fr}}.{{cite web|access-date=8 February 2017 |author=Camille Stromboni |date=8 February 2017 |title=La Cour des comptes appelle à sortir de l’impasse à Saclay |url=https://www.lemonde.fr/campus/article/2017/02/08/la-cour-des-comptes-appelle-a-sortir-de-l-impasse-a-saclay_5076291_4401467.html |website=lemonde.fr}}. In 2017, the University of Paris-Sud proposed merging with the university system (ComUE) to create the Paris-Saclay University as a collegiate university, and integrating the schools into the future institution as component institutions.{{cite web|author=Camille Stromboni |date=28 April 2017 |title=Université Paris-Saclay au point mort |url=https://www.lemonde.fr/campus/article/2017/04/28/l-universite-paris-saclay-au-point-mort_5119231_4401467.html |website=lemonde.fr}}. This stalemate led President Emmanuel Macron to announce on 25 October 2017, during his inauguration of CentraleSupélec's new buildings at Paris-Saclay, the separation of the various members into two university entities: the Paris-Saclay University and the Polytechnic Institute of Paris.{{cite web|author=Camille Stromboni |date=28 October 2017 |title=Paris-Saclay : Macron acte le divorce entre Polytechnique et les universités |url=https://www.lemonde.fr/campus/article/2017/10/25/emmanuel-macron-met-fin-au-projet-de-pole-universitaire-et-scientifique-unique-a-saclay_5205975_4401467.html |website=lemonde.fr}}.{{cite web|date=25 October 2017 |title=Emmanuel Macron annonce la création de deux pôles universitaires à Saclay |url=https://www.polytechnique.edu/fr/content/emmanuel-macron-annonce-la-creation-de-deux-poles-universitaires-saclay |website=polytechnique.edu}}.{{harvsp|texte=Décret du 6 juin 2019|id=dec2019}}.

On 25 October 2017, French President Emmanuel Macron inaugurated the new Orsay Graduate School of Mathematics, which brings together the mathematics laboratory teams of the Paris-Saclay University and the CNRS, some of the teaching staff, and the Jacques Hadamard University Library.{{cite web|access-date=2020-08-06 |language=fr |title=Inauguration de l'Institut de mathématique d'Orsay {{!}} CNRS |url=http://www.cnrs.fr/fr/inauguration-de-linstitut-de-mathematique-dorsay |website=www.cnrs.fr}}

== The collegiate university ==

class="toccolours" style="float:right; margin-left:1em; font-size:90%; line-height:1.4em; width:280px;"

|School

|Founded

style="text-align:center;"

|Life sciences (AgroParisTech)

|1826

style="text-align:center;"

|Engineering (CentraleSupélec)

|1829

style="text-align:center;"

|Education (ENS)

|1892

style="text-align:center;"

|Optics (IOGS)

|1917

style="text-align:center;"

|Sciences

|1956

style="text-align:center;"

|Law and Management

|1968

style="text-align:center;"

|Medicine

|1971

style="text-align:center;"

|Pharmacy

|1972

style="text-align:center;"

|Sports Sciences

|1985

style="text-align:center;"

|Engineering

|2004

style="text-align:center;"

|Undergraduate University School

|2019

In January 2020, it replaced University of Paris-Sud and in 2025, University of Versailles and University of Evry will merge with it as well.{{cite web |date=27 May 2019 |title=Université Paris-Saclay to become one of the LERU members in 2020 |url=https://www.universite-paris-saclay.fr/en/news/universite-paris-saclay-to-become-one-of-the-leru-members-in-2020 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190722194143/https://www.universite-paris-saclay.fr/en/news/universite-paris-saclay-to-become-one-of-the-leru-members-in-2020 |archive-date=22 July 2019}} They should evolve towards the status of an ‘integrated university’, and be renamed Paris-Saclay University in Versailles and Paris-Saclay University in Évry.{{cite web|access-date=2023-04-23 |title=Paris-Saclay : "Fusionner nos cœurs de métier n’implique pas d’avoir... |url=https://www.aefinfo.fr/depeche/686487-paris-saclay-fusionner-nos-coeurs-de-metier-n-implique-pas-d-avoir-une-seule-administration-centrale-a-bui-uvsq/amp |website=aefinfo.fr}}.{{cite web|access-date=2023-02-09 |language=fr-FR |title="2024 marquera la deuxième étape de l’université Paris-Saclay" (Estelle Iacona, présidente) |url=https://www.aefinfo.fr/depeche/681000-2024-marquera-la-deuxieme-etape-de-l-universite-paris-saclay-estelle-iacona-presidente |website=aefinfo.fr}}.

Every year since 2020, Paris-Saclay has achieved its best performance in the Shanghai rankings, ranking 1st in the world in mathematics and 9th in physics.{{cite web|access-date=2020-07-06 |author=Juliette Daumont |date=6 July 2020 |language=fr |title=Paris-Saclay, l'université française championne du monde des mathématiques |url=https://start.lesechos.fr/apprendre/universites-ecoles/paris-saclay-luniversite-francaise-championne-du-monde-des-mathematiques-1221578 |website=Les Echos}}{{Cite news |date=15 August 2024 |title=2024 Shanghai ranking: Paris-Saclay University climbs in anglophone-dominated list |url=https://www.lemonde.fr/en/france/article/2024/08/15/2024-shanghai-ranking-paris-saclay-university-climbs-in-anglophone-dominated-list_6715722_7.html |access-date=2024-08-25 |language=en}}

In April 2022, the Paris-Saclay University inaugurated the new 'Agro Paris-Saclay Campus', which covers 4.2 hectares in the commune of Palaiseau, near Orsay. It will be hosting nearly 2,000 students and 1,350 teacher-researchers, researchers, technicians and staff from the AgroParisTech Grande École of the Paris-Saclay University.{{Cite web |date=29 April 2022 |title=Avec AgroParisTech et l'Inrae, Saclay s'affirme comme un pôle mondial de la recherche agronomique |url=https://www.lesechos.fr/pme-regions/ile-de-france/avec-agroparistech-et-dinrae-saclay-saffirme-comme-un-pole-mondial-de-la-recherche-agronomique-1403961 |access-date=2024-08-25 |website=Les Echos |language=fr}}{{Cite web |title=Inauguration of the Agro Paris-Saclay campus {{!}} INRAE |url=https://www.inrae.fr/en/news/inauguration-agro-paris-saclay-campus |access-date=2024-08-25 |website=www.inrae.fr |language=en}}

On 18 April 2023, Paris-Saclay University opened France's largest academic research hub for pharmaceuticals, the Henri-Moissan Centre, bringing together its School of Pharmacy, its chemistry and biology departments and the Orsay Institute of Molecular Chemistry and Materials in a single centre. More than 3,000 students and 1,000 researchers-teachers and administrative staff have gradually moved in since the start of the new academic year in September 2022.{{Cite web |date=21 April 2023 |title=L'université Paris-Saclay lance son grand pôle chimie-pharmacie-biologie |url=https://www.lesechos.fr/pme-regions/ile-de-france/luniversite-paris-saclay-lance-son-grand-pole-chimie-pharmacie-biologie-1937101 |access-date=2024-08-25 |website=Les Echos |language=fr}}

Since October 2023, the university has been a partner of the French private Grande École IPSA for double degrees in aerospace.[https://www.ipsa.fr/blogs/2023/10/double-diplome-ingenieurs-spatial-universite-paris-saclay-centralesupelec/ Double diplôme : partir à la conquête du spatial avec l’IPSA, l’Université Paris-Saclay et CentraleSupélec !]

In February 2024, Paris-Saclay, which brings together nearly 50,000 students, is facing a leadership crisis. The Board of Administrators has still not been able to elect its future chairman and has been under the supervision of a provisional administrator for several months.{{Cite web |date=1 June 2024 |title=L'Université Paris-Saclay toujours en pleine crise de gouvernance |url=https://www.lesechos.fr/pme-regions/ile-de-france/luniversite-paris-saclay-toujours-en-pleine-crise-de-gouvernance-2098508 |access-date=2024-08-25 |website=Les Echos |language=fr}}{{Cite journal |last=Casassus |first=Barbara |date=3 May 2024 |title=France’s research mega-campus faces leadership crisis |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-024-01319-7 |journal=Nature |language=en |volume=629 |issue=8012 |pages=513–514 |doi=10.1038/d41586-024-01319-7|url-access=subscription }} After several months of crisis, the former provisional administrator Camille Galap was elected to head the flagship French university on 11 June 2024, with the promise of getting the institution out of the institutional difficulties it is going through. Indeed, the greater presence of qualified external figures on the board of directors, than representatives of teachers, researchers or students, has caused an institutional blockage. A situation made possible because of the university's exceptional statuses.{{Cite news |date=11 June 2024 |title=Université Paris-Saclay : après plusieurs mois de crise, un nouveau président élu |url=https://www.lemonde.fr/societe/article/2024/06/11/universite-paris-saclay-apres-plusieurs-mois-de-crise-un-nouveau-president-elu_6238906_3224.html |access-date=2024-08-25 |language=fr}}

Organisation

The Paris-Saclay University consists of five faculties in Sciences, Medicine, Pharmacy, Law-Economics-Management, and Sports Sciences; an Engineering school; three technical institutes specialised in scientific and technical subjects in Cachan, Orsay, and Sceaux; and an undergraduate university school.{{cite web |title=About Université Paris-Saclay |url=https://www.universite-paris-saclay.fr/en/about/universite-paris-saclay |website=Université Paris-Saclay |date=9 December 2019}}

The university also brings together four {{lang|fr|grandes écoles}}: CentraleSupélec, AgroParisTech, ENS Paris-Saclay and the Institut d'Optique Graduate School, with two associate institutions: Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines University (UVSQ) and University of Évry Val d'Essonne (UEVE).

It combines resources from the following French universities and grandes écoles, as well as partial resources from various research organizations and the Systematic Paris-Region cluster:

{{Cite web |title=Towards Université Paris-Saclay |url=http://www.campus-paris-saclay.fr/en/Idex-Paris-Saclay/Towards-Universite-Paris-Saclay |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140604095904/http://www.campus-paris-saclay.fr/en/Idex-Paris-Saclay/Towards-Universite-Paris-Saclay |archive-date=4 June 2014 |access-date=15 March 2013 |work=www.campus-paris-saclay.fr }}

Initially, the community of universities also included five other grandes écoles: École Polytechnique, Télécom Paris, Telecom SudParis, ENSTA Paris and ENSAE Paris. However, due to differences in University set-up, these five grandes écoles created their own separate university Polytechnic Institute of Paris. This was announced by French President Emmanuel Macron during a speech in Paris-Saclay.{{Cite web |url=https://www.elysee.fr/emmanuel-macron/2017/10/25/discours-du-president-de-la-republique-emmanuel-macron-sur-le-campus-de-saclay |title=Discours du président de la République, Emmanuel Macron, sur le campus de Saclay |trans-title= |website=elysee.fr |date=25 October 2017 |language=fr |access-date=2019-09-01}} Both of these clusters plan to co-operate and they engage in organization of several master's degrees with the Paris-Saclay University.{{Cite web |url=https://www.telecom-paris.fr/institut-polytechnique-paris-officially-established |title=Institut Polytechnique de Paris officially established |website=www.telecom-paris.fr |language=en-EN |access-date=2019-09-01}}

= Faculties and Institutes =

class="wikitable sortable"
colspan="2" | Name

! colspan="2" |FoundationFoundation of the oldest constituent part of the school

!Academic degree

FieldStudents

!Campus

!Teaching language

rowspan="3" |Paris-Saclay Undergraduate University School{{cite web |title=Paris-Saclay Undergraduate University School |url=https://ecole-universitaire-paris-saclay.fr}} (École Universitaire de Premier Cycle Paris-Saclay)

|Orsay IUT

|1971

| rowspan="3" |2019

| rowspan="3" |Undergraduate

| rowspan="3" |Law, Economics, and Science

| rowspan="3" |13,000{{Cite web |date=28 May 2020 |title=Université Paris-Saclay : Ouverture en septembre du premier cycle universitaire |trans-title= |url=https://www.lesechos.fr/pme-regions/ile-de-france/universite-paris-saclay-ouverture-en-septembre-du-premier-cycle-universitaire-1206503 |access-date=2020-08-06 |website=Les Echos |language=fr}}

| rowspan="3" |Paris-Saclay, Guyancourt, Sceaux, Cachan, Évry-Courcouronnes

| rowspan="3" |French

Sceaux IUT

|1970

Cachan IUT

|1971

colspan="2" | Paris-Saclay Faculty of Sciences

| colspan="2" |1956 and 1971

| rowspan="6" |Double Licence diploma (a selective bachelor's degree) and postgraduate

Science10,000

|Paris-Saclay

| rowspan="6" |French, English{{Cite web |date=30 September 2020 |title=Master’s programmes taught in English |url=http://www.universite-paris-saclay.fr/en/education/masters-programmes-taught-english |access-date=2024-05-04 |website=Université Paris-Saclay |language=en}}

colspan="2" | Paris-Saclay Faculty of Law, Economics and Management

| colspan="2" |1968

Law and economics6,000

|Sceaux

colspan="2" | Paris-Saclay Faculty of Pharmacy

| colspan="2" |1972

rowspan="2" |Medicine3,500

|Paris-Saclay

colspan="2" |Paris-Saclay Medical School

| colspan="2" |1971

3,400

|Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, Paris-Saclay

colspan="2" |Paris-Saclay Faculty of Sports Sciences

| colspan="2" |1985

|Science

|1,500

|Paris-Saclay

colspan="2" |Polytech Paris-Saclay

| colspan="2" |2004

|Engineering

|820

|Paris-Saclay

{{Gallery

|width=200

|height=140

|align=center

|File:Université Paris-Saclay - IUT d'Orsay.jpg |Orsay University Institute of Technology|File:Polytech ParisSud.JPG|Paris-Saclay Polytechnic School |title=||Paris-Saclay Faculty of Sciences}}

= ''Grandes Écoles'' and graduate schools =

class="wikitable sortable"
! NameFoundation

! Field

Students

!Campus

rowspan="4" |Grandes Écoles

| AgroParisTech

| 1826

| Life sciences

2,420

|Paris-Saclay

CentraleSupélec2015Science and Engineering5,350

|Paris-Saclay, Rennes, Metz

ENS Paris-Saclay

| 1892

Science1,360

|Paris-Saclay

Institut d'optique Graduate School1917Optics440

|Paris-Saclay

rowspan="9" |Graduate schools

|Paris-Saclay Graduate School of Law

|2019

|Law

|

|Guyancourt, Sceaux

Paris-Saclay Graduate School of Physics

|2019

|Physics

|

|Paris-Saclay, Versailles, Évry-Courcouronnes

Paris-Saclay Graduate School of Economics and Management

|2019

|Economics

|

|Guyancourt, Sceaux

Institute of Light Sciences

|2019

|Science

|

|Paris-Saclay

Paris-Saclay Graduate School of Life Sciences and Health

|2019

|Life Sciences and Health

|

|Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre

Paris-Saclay Graduate School of Mathematics

|2019

|Mathematics

|

|Paris-Saclay

Paris-Saclay Graduate School of Sociology and Political science

|2019

|Politics and sociology

|

|Guyancourt, Sceaux

Paris-Saclay Graduate School of Engineering and Systems science

|2019

| rowspan="2" |Science and engineering

|

| rowspan="2" |Paris-Saclay

Paris-Saclay Graduate School of Computer Science

|2019

|

{{Gallery

|width=200

|height=140

|align=center

|

|CentraleSupélec

|File:École normale supérieure Paris-Saclay 5 - Université Paris-Saclay.jpg

|ENS Paris-Saclay

|9=File:Institut d'Optique Graduate School - Palaiseau.jpg|10=IOGS|title=}}

= Associated universities =

class="wikitable sortable"
NameFoundation

!Academic degree

FieldStudents

!Campus

Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines University1987 and 1991

| rowspan="2" |Undergraduate and postgraduate

Science, social science and life science19,000

|Versailles, Montigny-le-Bretonneux, Guyancourt

University of Évry Val d'Essonne1991Science, social science and life science10,500

|Évry-Courcouronnes

= Research organizations =

The following research organizations have established research centers within the Paris-Saclay University. The resources contributed by these organizations will remain largely independent from other member institutions. Once the University of Paris-Saclay is fully integrated, its research centers are expected to achieve a profile similar to the Jet Propulsion Laboratory of Caltech:

  • CEA (Atomic Energy and Alternative Energies Commission)
  • CNRS (French National Centre for Scientific Research)
  • Inria (French Institute for Research in Computer Science and Automation)
  • INSERM (French Institute of Health and Medical Research)
  • Institut des Hautes Études Scientifiques (Institute of Advanced Scientific Studies)
  • INRA (French National Institute for Agricultural Sciences)
  • ONERA (National Board of Study and Aerospace Research)
  • SOLEIL (national synchrotron facility)
  • Pascal Institute – University of Paris-Saclay{{cite web |url=https://www.universite-paris-saclay.fr/en/research/pascal-institute |title=Pascal Institute |date=28 November 2019}}
  • Institute of Theoretical Physics

{{Gallery

|width=100

|height=70

|align=center

|File:CEA Saclay.JPG

|CEA

|File:IHES main building.jpg

|IHES

|File:INRIA.JPG

|INRIA

|

|SOLEIL

}}

Campuses

= Orsay =

== The ''Plateau'' ==

File:Façade Bâtiment Henri Moissan.jpg, which houses the Faculty of Pharmacy and the Biology and Chemistry departments of the Faculty of Sciences of the university.]]

The main Paris-Saclay campus, covering 495 acres (200 ha), is centered on the Saclay Plateau and its Quartier de Moulon ("the Urban Campus") in Orsay, around 20 km south of downtown Paris, and extends into the surrounding areas of Gif-sur-Yvette and Palaiseau. The Plateau is home to the new buildings of the Faculty of Pharmacy, the departments of chemistry, biology and physics of the Faculty of Sciences, The Lumen, the university's main library, the École normale supérieure, the CentraleSupélec engineering grande école.

The adjacent areas of the Plateau, in the neighboring commune of Palaiseau, include the main buildings of AgroParisTech, the university's Institute of Life Sciences and Industries and the Environment, and the university's Center for Nanosciences and Nanotechnologies (C2N).

== The Valley ==

Also, the campus historically extends to the south of the Bois de la Guyonnerie, in the Valley. Close to the city center of Orsay and the RER station Orsay-Ville, the Valley campus is centered around the Château de Launay. It houses the other departments of the Faculty of Sciences, the university science libraries such as Hadamard Library, and the main laboratories.

File:Campus Agro Paris-Saclay.jpg, in the town of Palaiseau.]]

= Other campuses =

== Sceaux ==

J. Monnet Law School is located on a 4.5-acre campus in the town of Sceaux, 6 kilometers south of Paris. It is the successor to the University of Paris's Sceaux Center for Legal Studies, which opened in 1968. A few meters to the south is the IUT of Sceaux, a professional school of the university which offers bachelor's level programs very focused on practice.

== Bicêtre ==

The Faculty of Medicine is located on the site of the Bicêtre University Hospital, a few meters from the metro station Hôpital Bicêtre. It has historic buildings and a new 8,000 square meter building dedicated to research.

Academic programs

Each member school of the Paris-Saclay University organizes training in a given scientific field. Depending on the needs of their registered program, a student enrolled in a particular graduate school will have access to academic resources from other schools.

The various fields of study available at Paris-Saclay University are broadly categorized into the following:

  • Biodiversity, Agriculture and Food, Society, Environment ({{lang|fr|Biodiversité, Agriculture et Alimentation, Société, Environnement}});
  • Biology, Medicine, Pharmaceutical studies ({{lang|fr|Biologie, Médecine, Pharmacie}});
  • Law, Political Science ({{lang|fr|Droit et Science Politique}});
  • Humanities ({{lang|fr|Humanités}});
  • Engineering, Sciences and Information Technologies ({{lang|fr|Ingénierie, Sciences et Technologies de l'information}});
  • Sport and Human Motion Sciences ({{lang|fr|Sciences du Sport et du Mouvement Humain}});
  • Basic Sciences ({{lang|fr|Sciences Fondamentales}});
  • Social Sciences ({{lang|fr|Sciences Sociales}}).

The academic programs in each of the 8 schools is expected to follow the Anglo-American model:{{Cite web |title = Foundation of Paris-Saclay University |url = http://www.u-psud.fr/_attachments/l-universite-acteur-du-campus-paris-saclay-article-14/120206%2520idex%2520paris%2520saclay.pdf?download=true|work = Universite Paris Sud/}}

  • Paris-Saclay Undergraduate School – The Bachelor's program is provided by Paris-Saclay faculties and the 2 public universities within Paris-Saclay, which are Versailles-Saint-Quentin University and University of Évry Val-d'Essonne.
  • Paris-Saclay Graduate Schools – Master's degrees are taught in both French and English. Altogether, 49 Master's degree are offered.{{Cite web |title=Masters Programs at Paris-Saclay |url=https://www.universite-paris-saclay.fr/en/education/masters |work=Universite-paris-saclay.fr/}}
  • Paris-Saclay Research or Doctoral Schools – PhD programs are offered through 20 doctoral schools. Doctoral degrees received after 30 September 2015, are awarded under the name "Paris-Saclay University", with a mention of the student's associated university or {{lang|fr|grande école}}.

Research programmes

The Paris-Saclay University gathers together more than 300 research units, organized into 10 doctoral schools:{{Cite web |title=Various Labs at Paris-Saclay |url=https://www.universite-paris-saclay.fr/en/research/facilities |work=Universite-paris-saclay.fr/}}

  • Chemistry ({{lang|fr|Chimie}})
  • Electrical engineering, optics and electronics (EOE: {{lang|fr|Ingénierie électrique, optique et électronique}})
  • Mathematics ({{lang|fr|Mathématiques}})
  • Mechanics, energy and physical processes (MEP: {{lang|fr|Mécanique, énergétique et procédés}})
  • Subatomic physics and astrophysics (P2I: {{lang|fr|Physique des deux infinis}})
  • Wave and matter physics (PHOM: {{lang|fr|Physique des ondes et de la matière}})
  • Planetary science and cosmology (SPU: {{lang|fr|Sciences de la planète et de l'Univers}})
  • Life sciences (SDV: {{lang|fr|Sciences de la Vie}})
  • Human and social sciences (SHS: {{lang|fr|Sciences de l'Homme et de la Société}})
  • Information and communication sciences and technologies (STIC: {{lang|fr|Sciences et technologies de l'information et de la communication}}).

University rankings

{{Infobox university rankings

| ARWU_W = 12{{efn-lr|name=note-ur|The three longest established and most influential global rankings}} | ARWU_W_year = 2024 | ARWU_W_ref ={{Cite web |title=Paris-Saclay University – ARWU World University Rankings |url=https://www.shanghairanking.com/institution/paris-saclay-university | access-date = 19 August 2024 | website = www.shanghairanking.com}}

| CWTS_W = 123 | CWTS_W_year = 2023 | CWTS_W_ref ={{cite web|url=https://www.leidenranking.com/ranking/2023/list|title=CWTS Leiden Ranking 2023}}

| CWUR_W = 32 | CWUR_W_year = 2023 | CWUR_W_ref ={{cite web|url=https://cwur.org/2023.php|title=Center for World University Rankings 2023}}

| QS_W = 73{{efn-lr|name=note-ur}} | QS_W_year = 2025 | QS_W_ref ={{Cite web |title=Université Paris-Saclay |url=https://www.topuniversities.com/universities/universite-paris-saclay |access-date=2024-08-19 |website=Top Universities |language=en}}

| THE_W = 58{{efn-lr|name=note-ur}} | THE_W_year = 2024 | THE_W_ref ={{Cite web |date=6 July 2023 |title=Université Paris-Saclay |url=https://www.timeshighereducation.com/world-university-rankings/universite-paris-saclay |access-date=2023-09-13 |website=Times Higher Education (THE) |language=en}}

| USNWR_W = 60 | USNWR_W_year = 2023 | USNWR_W_ref ={{cite web|url=https://www.usnews.com/education/best-global-universities/universite-paris-saclay-529676|title=US News Education: Best Global Universities}}

|-

| ARWU_N = 1{{efn-lr|name=note-ur}} | ARWU_N_year = 2024 | ARWU_N_ref =

| CWTS_N = 3 | CWTS_N_year = 2023 | CWTS_N_ref =

| QS_N = 4{{efn-lr|name=note-ur}} | QS_N_year = 2025 | QS_N_ref =

| CWUR_N = 2 | CWUR_N_year = 2023 | CWUR_N_ref =

| THE_N = 2{{efn-lr|name=note-ur}} | THE_N_year = 2024 | THE_N_ref =

| USNWR_N = 3 | USNWR_N_year = 2023 | USNWR_N_ref =

}}

The university is remarkably acclaimed for Mathematics, Physics and Computer Science, which are rank 1st national in many reputable global rankings such as QS World University Rankings, Times Higher Education World University Rankings, Academic Ranking of World Universities, U.S. News & World Report, ... and many domestic magazines.

It is also connected with two grande écoles: École polytechnique and CentraleSupélec, which are known as the top 2 engineering schools in France.

In August 2024, Paris-Saclay University ranked 12th in Shanghai Ranking's top 1000 universities in the world, and 2nd worldwide for Mathematics by Academic Ranking of World Universities (ARWU) and 3rd worldwide for Physics (1st in Europe).{{Cite magazine |date=12 July 2020 |title=L'Université Paris-Saclay, première en maths – Technos et Innovations |trans-title= |url=https://www.usinenouvelle.com/editorial/l-universite-paris-saclay-premiere-en-maths.N982731 |magazine=L'Usine nouvelle |language=fr}}

{{notelist-lr}}

Nobel and Fields laureates

Paris-Saclay University formally replaced several pre-existing Parisian universities, grande écoles and research institutes. These continue to exist as departments within the broader structure of Paris-Saclay. The list below therefore includes those pre- and post-2019 laureates whose institutions were later subsumed by the university.

=Nobel laureates=

=Fields medalists=

See also

References

{{Reflist}}