Parque Cristal

{{short description|National historical monument of Venezuela in Caracas}}

{{Infobox building

|name = Parque Cristal

|image = Parque Cristal, Caracas.JPG

|image_size = 300px

|caption =

|location = Caracas, Venezuela

|coordinates = {{coord|10|29|52|N|66|50|35|W|region:VE_type:landmark_source:kolossus-eswiki|display=inline,title}}

|status = Completed

|start_date =

|completion_date = 1987

|opening =

|building_type = Office
Recreation

|antenna_spire =

|roof =

|top_floor =

|floor_count =

|elevator_count =

|cost =

|floor_area =

|architect = Jimmy Alcock

|structural_engineer= Enrique Arnal

|main_contractor =

|developer =

|owner =

|management =

|references =

}}

The Parque Cristal is an office and recreation building located on Avenida Francisco de Miranda in Caracas, Venezuela, which has become a famous landmark. It was seen as a symbol of development when it was constructed in 1977.

Construction and design

The Parque Cristal was able to be constructed as a result of the Venezuelan oil boom. With its pair, the Cubo Negro, it is a "huge geometrical glass structure"; Mark Dinneen says they exemplify what was "perhaps the maximum expression of the wealth and technology of the period".{{cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/culturecustomsof00dinn/page/172|title=Culture and Customs of Venezuela|last=Dinneen|first=Mark|publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group|year=2001|isbn=9780313306396|page=[https://archive.org/details/culturecustomsof00dinn/page/172 172]|url-access=registration}} The "white cube" design of the Parque Cristal is complemented by the Cubo Negro building, which is nearby and was completed around the same time.{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wFmiy4X6GY0C|title=América Latina: fim de milênio|last=Segre|first=Roberto|publisher=Studio Nobel|year=1991|isbn=9788585445010|pages=209|language=pt-BR}} Roberto Segre describes the reflective glass design to allow "those who control" to see the activities of "all the controlled, but not vice versa".

The building is {{Convert|103|m|ft|sp=us}} high and has 18 floors{{Cite web|url=https://www.puentedemando.com/arquitectura-de-caracas-parque-cristal/|title=Arquitectura de Caracas. Parque Cristal|last=Lorenzo|first=Juan Carlos Diaz|website=Puente de Mando – Juan Carlos Diaz|language=es-ES|access-date=2020-01-03}}{{Better source|date=January 2020|reason=Some sources say 26 floors; an encyclopedic or official source should be added}} for work and recreational space. It was designed by Jimmy Alcock, who won the Premio Metropolitano de Arquitectura (Metropolitan Architecture Prize) for his design.{{cite news |title=Chacao bien vale un tour |url=http://www.eluniversal.com/2010/08/15/ccs_art_chacao-bien-vale-un_2002961.shtml |work=El Universal |location=Caracas |date=15 August 2010 |access-date=30 December 2012 }} It has a cube-shaped structure formed by steel and concrete with glass facade. The building is located on a steep hill with poor ground conditions; this resulted in the unusual lower-floor designs as a structural solution, conceived of by engineer Enrique Arnal.{{Cite web|url=http://guiaccs.com/en/obras/parque-cristal-2/|title=Parque Cristal|website=Caracas from the valley to the sea|language=en-US|access-date=2020-01-03}} The floors are mosaic and were designed by {{ill|Nedo Mion Ferrario|es|Nedo Mion Ferrario}} between 1980 and 1983.{{Cite web|url=https://www.jcmac.art/artists/nedo-mion-ferrario/|title=NEDO|date=2016-11-16|website=Juan Carlos Maldonado Art Collection|language=en-US|access-date=2020-01-03}}

The block is split into two sections: the tall office cube and a shorter urban building in a semicircle at the back. Similarly the main entrance to the building is an open urban space with passages to the surrounding streets and the connected metro station, rising to a shopping plaza via escalators. The south facade appears to have a 'window' looking towards Parque del Este.

Of its status, Roberto Segre writes:

{{Quote|text=The symbol of capital is no longer imposed by the monumentality of granite and marble columns [...], but by the impalpable image of the clean technological volume, a real object so close to fiction. Since it is, in so far as its existence does not correspond to the actual resources, the actual materials or the actual needs that exist in the underdeveloped country.|sign=|source=}}

Facilities

The complex contains a gas station; it has three pumps and was selling petrol at no more than six US cents per gallon in 2015.{{Cite book|title=Crude nation: how oil riches ruined Venezuela|last=Gallegos|first=Raul|publisher=U of Nebraska Press|year=2019|isbn=978-1-64012-213-0|location=Lincoln|pages=133|oclc=1090012938}}

Parque Cristal is considered an important part of Caracas' financial sector, and a marker for how the 'center' of the city has progressively moved further geographically east over time.{{cite journal|first=Julien|last=Rebotier|title=Inseguridad urbana y ciudad del miedo en Caracas: Comportamientos defensivosy distanciación social|journal=Sentimiento de Inseguridad y Miedo al Crimen en América Latina|year=2009|location=Brasil|url=https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00373337/document|access-date=January 6, 2019}}

In popular culture

The Parque Cristal is used as a location in Tom Clancy's Commander-in-Chief, where a covert meeting is held on the top floor after characters enter by "looking up to marvel at the remarkable architecture".{{Cite book|title=Tom Clancy: Commander-in-Chief|last=Greaney|first=Mark|publisher=Penguin UK|year=2015|isbn=978-0-698-41061-9|location=London|oclc=930782116}}

Parque Cristal

Construction and design

Facilities

In popular culture

References

Further reading