Particle acceleration

{{About|small-scale particle acceleration in acoustics|acceleration of charged particles to very high energies|particle accelerator}}

{{Multiple issues|

{{expert|physics|date=July 2024||reason=Generally unclear; also specifically not clear if referring to sound particles or matter particles. Unreferenced}}

{{One source|date=July 2024}}

{{Confusing|date=July 2018}}

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In acoustics, particle acceleration is the acceleration (rate of change in speed and direction) of particles{{clarify|date=July 2024}} in a sound transmission medium. When sound passes through a medium it causes particle displacement{{cite book

| author= Arthur Schuster

| title=An Introduction to the Theory of Optics

| publisher=London: Edward Arnold

| year=1904

| url = https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_Zb4KAAAAIAAJ

| quote= An Introduction to the Theory of Optics By Arthur Schuster.

}} and as such causes changes in their acceleration.

The acceleration of the air{{dubious|date=July 2024}} particles of a plane sound wave is given by:

$$$$

a = \delta \cdot \omega^2 = v \cdot \omega = \frac{p \cdot \omega}{Z} = \omega \sqrt \frac{J}{Z} = \omega \sqrt \frac{E}{\rho} = \omega \sqrt \frac{P_\text{ac}}{Z \cdot A}

class="wikitable" ! Symbol !! Units !! Meaning
a | m/s2 || particle acceleration
v | m/s || particle velocity
δ | m, meters || particle displacement
ω = 2πf | radians/s || angular frequency
f | Hz, hertz || frequency
p | Pa, pascals || sound pressure
Z | N·s/m3 || acoustic impedance
J | W/m2 || sound intensity
E | W·s/m3 || sound energy density
Pac | W, watts || sound power or acoustic power
A | m2 || area