Patel
{{Short description|Indian surname}}
{{Distinguish|Patal (disambiguation){{!}}Patal}}
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{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2020}}
Patel is an Indian surname or title, predominantly found in the state of Gujarat, representing the community of land-owning farmers and later (with the British East India Company) businessmen, agriculturalists and merchants. Traditionally the title is a status name referring to the village chieftains during medieval times, and was later retained as successive generations stemmed out into communities of landowners. Circa 2015 there are roughly 500,000 Patels outside India, including about 150,000 in the United Kingdom and about 150,000 in the United States. As of the 2000 U.S. Census, nearly 1 in 10 people of Indian origin in the US is a Patel.{{cite news|last=Rajghatta|first=Chidanand|date=4 June 2015|title=Global Gujaratis: Now in 129 nations|work=The Times of India|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/nri/nris-in-news/global-gujaratis-now-in-129-nations/articleshow/45748322.cms}}
As a title
- Patel{{Cite web|title=A community called Koli - Indian Express|url=http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/a-community-called-koli------------------------/214908/|access-date=2021-09-07|website=archive.indianexpress.com}} is a title of the Koli caste of Gujarat in India which has the greatest importance in the Politics of Gujarat. The Koli Patels of Saurashtra benefited the most under the rule of Indian National Congress party.{{Cite web|last1=Bhatt|first1=Himansshu|date=November 23, 2022|first2=Melvyn |last2=Thomas|title=Koli Patels have their say in south Gujarat |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/surat/koli-patels-have-their-say-in-south-gujarat/articleshow/17341369.cms|access-date=2021-09-07|website=The Times of India|language=en}}{{Cite book|last1=Desai|first1=Akshayakumar Ramanlal|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ubk4qXLI9AQC&q=Koli+Patel|title=State and Repressive Culture: A Case Study of Gujarat|last2=D'Costa|first2=Wilfred|publisher=Popular Prakashan|year=1994|isbn=978-81-7154-702-9|location=New Delhi, India|pages=12|language=en}} Koli Patels are recognised as an Other Backward Class caste by Government of Gujarat.{{Cite book|last1=Baviskar|first1=B. S.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PLmGAwAAQBAJ&dq=Koli+Patel&pg=PA417|title=Inclusion and Exclusion in Local Governance: Field Studies from Rural India|last2=Mathew|first2=George|date=2009-01-14|publisher=SAGE Publications India|isbn=978-81-321-0089-8|location=New Delhi, India|pages=416–17|language=en}} Koli Patels are Agriculturist by profession and own the high landholding in villages.{{Cite book|last1=Baumgartner|first1=Ruedi|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ndRjDwAAQBAJ&dq=Koli+Patel&pg=PT227|title=In Search of Sustainable Livelihood Systems: Managing Resources and Change|last2=Hogger|first2=Ruedi|date=2004-08-10|publisher=SAGE Publishing India|isbn=978-93-5280-266-1|language=en}} Koli Patels also call themselves as Mandhata Patel and Mandhata Koli Patel and those who have migrated to East Africa are Businessman and civil servants.{{Cite book|last=Hahlo|first=Ken|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UKybDwAAQBAJ&dq=Koli+Patels&pg=PT113|title=Communities, Networks and Ethnic Politics|date=2018-08-10|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-0-429-86435-3|location=India|language=en}} Some of the well known Clans of Koli Patels are Chauhan, Makwana and Rathod.{{Cite book|last=Perez|first=Rosa Maria|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GDRWAglUumEC&q=Koli+Patel|title=Kings and Untouchables: A Study of the Caste System in Western India|publisher=Orient Blackswan|year=2004|isbn=978-81-8028-014-6|location=New Delhi, India|pages=71|language=en}}
- Patidars of Gujarat also use the Patel title as traditionally village headmen.{{Cite book |last=Basu |first=Pratyusha |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zJxY9IWzGewC |title=Villages, Women, and the Success of Dairy Cooperatives in India: Making Place for Rural Development |date=2009 |publisher=Cambria Press |isbn=978-1-60497-625-0 |pages=54 |language=en}}
- Parsis, who were biggest herdsman of the village adopted the title of Patel.{{Cite news |date=2016-11-17 |title='Patel', the most common Indian surname: Oxford |language=en-IN |work=The Hindu |url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/international/%E2%80%98Patel%E2%80%99-the-most-common-Indian-surname-Oxford/article16666859.ece |access-date=2023-05-07 |issn=0971-751X}}
- Muslims of Gujarat also use Patel as title who converted from Hindu Kolis and Patidars.{{Cite book |last1=Sheikh |first1=Aziz |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JQwlR3tu3LYC&q=Patel |title=Caring for Muslim Patients |last2=Gatrad |first2=Abdul Rashid |date=2000 |publisher=Radcliffe Publishing |isbn=978-1-85775-372-1 |pages=65 |language=en}}
Etymology
The Gujarati term paṭel, along with its cognate Marathi terms pāṭel and pāṭīl, are derived from the Prakrit word paṭṭaïl(l)a- "village headman", itself derived from the Sanskrit word paṭṭakila "tenant of royal land", a term first appearing in the Vetālapañcaviṃśatikā.{{Cite book |last=Turner |first=Ralph Lilley |title=A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=1962 |pages=434}}
Geographical distribution
The surname historically originated in the Indian state of Gujarat, where it is amongst the most common of surnames.{{cite book|title = India Old and New: With a Memorial Address|first = Edward|last = Washburn |year=2005 |page=178 |isbn=0-543-99414-7}} Today, the name is found across India, as well as in the Indian diaspora.
In 2009, The Telegraph released a news article indicating that, in the United Kingdom, the surnames Patel and Singh now rank amongst native ones such as Smith and Jones.{{Cite web |date=2009-03-24 |title=Britain's most popular surnames: Singh and Patel catch up on Smith and Jones |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/5040755/Britains-most-popular-surnames-Singh-and-Patel-catch-up-on-Smith-and-Jones.html |access-date=2024-02-11 |website=The Telegraph |language=en}} With those who immigrated to Germany during British colonial rule in India, Gujaratis used the variation "Pätel", with an umlaut, to better integrate with German society.{{Cite web |title=Pätel Surname Origin, Meaning & Last Name History |url=https://forebears.io/surnames/p%C3%A4tel |access-date=2024-02-11 |website=forebears.io}}
See also
{{wiktionary|Patel}}