Pathfinder International

Pathfinder International originally was incorporated as The Pathfinder Fund in 1957. Its family planning work began in the late 1920s when its founder Clarence Gamble, heir of the Procter & Gamble soap company fortune, supported efforts to introduce contraception to women and couples in the United States and 60 other countries. In addition to his eugenicist work, he worked toward easy access to contraception in minority communities. He also launched the first community-based service model, which is still the foundation of Pathfinder's operations.{{Citation needed|date=January 2023}}

Sarah Gamble, Clarence Gamble's wife, named the organization in honour of a quote by the poet Antonio Machado: "Traveler, there is no path, paths are made by walking."

Pathfinder surpassed revenue of US$100 million for the first time in the 2010 fiscal year.{{cite web |author= |title=Pathfinder International: Accredited Charity |url=http://www.bbb.org/charity-reviews/national/relief-and-development/pathfinder-international-in-watertown-ma-3439/all |work=Wise Giving Alliance |publisher=Better Business Bureau |date=July 2011 |accessdate=19 July 2013 |archive-date=13 October 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131013045628/http://www.bbb.org/charity-reviews/national/relief-and-development/pathfinder-international-in-watertown-ma-3439/all |url-status=dead }} In 2011, Pathfinder announced the retirement of Daniel E. Pellegrom, the longest-serving president of a global reproductive health organization in history after becoming CEO of Pathfinder International in 1985. In 2012, Purnima Mane joined Pathfinder as president and CEO after serving as deputy director of United Nations Population Fund.{{cite web|title=Pathfinder President|url=https://www.who.int/pmnch/media/membernews/2011/20110627_pathfinder_president/en/index.html|publisher=World Health Organization|accessdate=1 April 2018 |url-status=dead|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110807232303/http://www.who.int/pmnch/media/membernews/2011/20110627_pathfinder_president/en/index.html|archivedate=7 August 2011}}

Lois Quam, named three times to Fortune magazine's list of the most influential women leaders in business, became Pathfinder's president and CEO in 2017. She was chief operating officer of The Nature Conservancy and a senior advisor to Hillary Clinton's presidential campaign. She was selected by President Barack Obama to head his signature Global Health Initiative at the Department of State,{{Cite web|url=https://www.poz.com/article/Quam-Clinton-PEPFAR-19822-5864|title=Lois Quam to Lead U.S. Global Health Initiative|date=31 January 2011|website=POZ|accessdate=23 April 2019}} which provided more than $8 billion annually to help solve major health challenges facing millions of individuals across 80 countries. On May 13, 2024, Dr. Tabinda Sarosh became the interim CEO of Pathfinder International.{{Cite web |date=2024-05-13 |title=Pathfinder International Board Announces Departure of CEO Lois Quam, Appointment of Tabinda Sarosh as Interim CEO - Pathfinder International |url=https://www.pathfinder.org/news/pathfinder-international-board-announces-departure-of-ceo-lois-quam-appointment-of-tabinda-sarosh-as-interim-ceo/ |access-date=2024-12-14 |website=www.pathfinder.org |language=en-US}} In a previous tie with the organization, she served as President of the Pathfinder's Middle East, North Africa, and South Asian region.{{Cite web |last=Naqvi |first=Lubna Jerar |title=Heroine of Health 2022 - Dr Tabinda Sarosh |url=https://www.thenews.com.pk/magazine/you/1030590-heroine-of-health-2022-dr-tabinda-sarosh |access-date=2024-12-14 |website=www.thenews.com.pk |language=en}}

Pathfinder was one of several nonprofits mentioned in the book Half the Sky: Turning Oppression into Opportunity for Women Worldwide by Nicholas Kristof and Sheryl WuDunn, published in September 2009.

To continue their work, Pathfinder International often travels to various colleges and universities{{Cite web |last=University |first=Harvard |date=24 November 2024 |title=From the Pathfinder Archives to a more Equitable Future: Inside the Evolution of a Movement |url=https://libcal.countway.harvard.edu/event/13231692}} to speak on topics pertaining to equitable futures and global reproductive and sexual health.{{Cite web |last=University |first=Kenyatta |date=12 November 2024 |title=Over Three Decades of Partnership on Reproductive Health Initiatives. |url=https://ku.ac.ke/index.php/ku/item/3225-ehancing-reproductive-health}}

In 2025, Pathfinder will be in their fourth and final year with the project "Advancing the Leadership of Women and Girls Towards Better Health and Climate Resilience".{{Cite web |date=6 September 2024 |title=Advancing the Leadership of Women and Girls Towards Better Health and Climate Change Resilience - Pathfinder International |url=https://www.pathfinder.org/projects/advancing-the-leadership-of-women-and-girls-towards-better-health-and-climate-change-resilience/ |access-date=2024-12-14 |website=www.pathfinder.org |language=en-US}} The program focuses on Bangladesh and Pakistan and supports women and girls gaining access to health services and education. Pathfinder International partnered with the Bangladeshi government to create five short videos, aiming to educate Bangladesh youth on violence, health, hygiene, and climate safety. The program has helped an estimate of 150,000 people as of September 2024.{{Cite web |date=27 November 2024 |title=Women, girls and health in the face of climate challenges {{!}} Takeda Stories |url=https://www.takeda.com/our-impact/our-stories/women-girls-and-health-in-the-face-of-climate-challenges/ |access-date=2024-12-14 |website=www.takeda.com |language=en}}

Pathfinder International works with many organizations, ranging from national ministries of health to local NGOs, to deliver reproductive health, family planning information, and services to women, young adults, and rural populations. Pathfinder's programs also integrate HIV/AIDS prevention and treatment activities. The group has worked with UN Women, the UNFPA, the World Bank, and several other partners to organize different programs and projects.{{cite web|title=Our Partners|url=http://www.pathfinder.org/about-us/our-partners|publisher=Pathfinder International|accessdate=19 July 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130714024228/http://www.pathfinder.org/about-us/our-partners/|archive-date=14 July 2013|url-status=dead}}

Pathfinder's programs in more than 15 countries in Africa and South Asia expand access to modern contraception and comprehensive abortion care as well as improve adolescent and youth sexual and reproductive health, fostering gender equality and resilience.{{cite web|title=How We Work|url=http://www.pathfinder.org/our-work/how-we-work/|publisher=Pathfinder International|accessdate=19 July 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130714024415/http://www.pathfinder.org/our-work/how-we-work/|archive-date=14 July 2013|url-status=dead}}

Source:{{cite web|author= |title=Where We Work |url=https://www.pathfinder.org/where-we-work/ |publisher=Pathfinder International |date= |accessdate=19 July 2013}}

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• Burkina Faso
• Burundi
• Côte d'Ivoire
• Democratic Republic of Congo
• Egypt
• Ethiopia
• Kenya
• Mozambique
• Niger
• Nigeria
• Tanzania
• Togo
• Uganda

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• Bangladesh
• India
• Jordan
• Pakistan

{{div col end}}

A little over half of the group's $130 million in funding came from the United States Agency for International Development in fiscal year 2019.{{cite web|author= |title=Annual Report 2017 |url=https://www.pathfinder.org/publications/annual-report-2017?x=82&y=23| work=Pathfinder International Annual Report 2017 |publisher=Pathfinder|date=18 December 2017|accessdate=21 August 2018}} In addition, the organization receives funding from multilateral organizations, private foundations, and individuals. As part of the President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief, U.S. government support for AIDS prevention was contingent on opposing prostitution starting in 2003.{{cite news|author = Liptak, Adam|author-link = Adam Liptak|title = Justices Say U.S. Cannot Impose Antiprostitution Condition on AIDS Grants|url = https://www.nytimes.com/2013/06/21/us/court-finds-aids-programs-rules-violate-free-speech.html|accessdate = 25 June 2013|newspaper = The New York Times|date = 20 June 2013}} Pathfinder preferred to remain neutral so as not to alienate sex workers from its anti-HIV efforts, so it sued in federal court with other non-profit organizations.{{cite web|author=Mientka, Matthew|title=US Supreme Court Divides On Free Speech Rights Of Health Groups|url=http://www.medicaldaily.com/articles/14799/20130422/supreme-court-divides-free-speech-rights-health.htm|work=Medical Daily|publisher=International Business Times|date=22 April 2013|accessdate=18 July 2013|archive-date=3 July 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130703142427/http://www.medicaldaily.com/articles/14799/20130422/supreme-court-divides-free-speech-rights-health.htm|url-status=dead}} In 2013, the U.S. Supreme Court found that the requirement violated the First Amendment's prohibition against compelled speech in Agency for International Development v. Alliance for Open Society International, Inc.{{cite web|author=Roberts, John|author-link=John Roberts|title=AGENCY FOR INT'L DEVELOPMENT v. ALLIANCE FOR OPEN SOCIETY INTERNATIONAL, INC., et al.|url=https://www.law.cornell.edu/supremecourt/text/12-10#writing-12-10_OPINION_3|work=Legal Information Institute|publisher=Cornell Law School|date=20 June 2013|accessdate=17 July 2013}} In early 2015, the U.S. Supreme Court returned with another ruling in favour of the Alliance for Open Society International. The latest decision affirmed a 2013 decision by the U.S. Supreme Court, which found that the government cannot tell its American grantees what they can and cannot say.{{cite web|author= Sebastian Krueger|title=A Striking Defeat for U.S. Government's Anti-Prostitution Pledge |url=http://www.opensocietyfoundations.org/voices/striking-defeat-us-government-s-anti-prostitution-pledge|publisher=Open Society Foundations|date=24 February 2015|accessdate=23 April 2015}}

Like many older birth control organizations,{{Citation needed|date=January 2023}} Pathfinder initially overlapped with the eugenics movement. The founder, Clarence Gamble, was a member of the Human Betterment League of North Carolina and advocated the forced sterilization of mental patients.{{cite web|author=Begos, Kevin|title=The American eugenics movement after World War II |url=http://www.indyweek.com/indyweek/the-american-eugenics-movement-after-world-war-ii-part-1-of-3/Content?oid=2468789| work=Indy Week|publisher=|date=18 May 2011|accessdate=19 July 2013}}

During the 1970s, the organization was accused of distributing unsafe contraceptives. Specifically, Pathfinder continued to distribute the Dalkon Shield internationally after it had been withdrawn from the U.S. market due to high infection rates and used Depo-Provera when it was considered experimental before FDA approval.{{cite web|author=Miller, James A.|title=Money for mischief: USAID and Pathfinder tag-team women in the developing world|url=http://www.pop.org/content/money-for-mischief-usaid-and-pathfinder-1694|work=PRI Review|publisher=Population Research Institute|date=September–October 1996|accessdate=19 July 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141129031929/http://pop.org/content/money-for-mischief-usaid-and-pathfinder-1694|archivedate=29 November 2014|url-status=dead}}
- {{cite web|author1=Ehrenreich, Barbara|author-link=Barbara Ehrenreich|author2=Minkin, Stephen |author3=Dowie, Mark |title=The Charge: Gynocide |url=https://www.motherjones.com/politics/1979/11/charge-gynocide?page=2| work=Mother Jones|publisher=|date=November–December 1979|accessdate=19 July 2013}}

In 2022, Pathfinder started a process of reckoning with its history and has donated its archives to Harvard University, where researchers can freely access them.

{{Reflist}}

• [https://www.guidestar.org/profile/53-0235320 Non-Profit Report] from GuideStar

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Category:International medical and health organizations

Category:Medical and health organizations based in Massachusetts

Category:HIV/AIDS prevention organizations

Category:Health charities in the United States

Category:Eugenics

Category:HIV/AIDS organizations in the United States