Pathros

File:Noahsworld map Version2.png, placing the "Pathrusim" in Upper Egypt.]]

Pathros ({{langx|he|פַּתְרוֹס}}; {{lang|he-Latn|Paṯrōs}}; {{langx|grc|Φαθωρῆς}}, {{lang|grc-Latn|Phathōrēs}}; Koine {{langx|grc|Παθούρης}}, {{lang|grc-Latn|Pathourēs}}) refers to Upper Egypt, primarily the Thebaid where it extended from Elephantine fort to modern Asyut north of Thebes.{{Cite book|last = Van Den Boorn|first = G.P.F |date = 2014|title = The Duties of the Vizier |url = https://books.google.com/books?id=k6SOAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA213|publisher = Routledge|isbn = 9781136881787}}, p. 213 Gardiner argues it extended to the north no further than Abydos.{{cite journal| last1 = Gardiner| first1 = Alan H.| title = The Reading of the Geographical Term [tp-rsy] | journal=The Journal of Egyptian Archaeology| volume = 43| publisher = Sage Publications, Ltd.| page = 4| doi = 10.1177/030751335704300104| year = 1957| s2cid = 192379697}} It is mentioned in the Hebrew Bible in Jeremiah 44:1 and 15; Isaiah 11:11; and Ezekiel 29:14, 30:14. It is the homeland of the "Pathrusim".

The name is a loan from Egyptian pꜣ tꜣ-rsy "the southern land" (e.g., [http://aaew2.bbaw.de/tla/servlet/GetTextDetails?u=guest&f=0&l=0&db=0&tc=19006 pBritish Museum EA 10375, line 16]; cf. Sahidic Coptic {{lang|cop|ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⲣⲏⲥ}} and Bohairic Coptic {{lang|cop|ⲡⲁⲑⲟⲩⲣⲏⲥ}}.{{cite book|last1=Crum|first1=Walter Ewing|title=A Coptic dictionary|date=1939|publisher=Clarendon Press|location=Oxford|page=300|url=http://www.tyndalearchive.com/TABS/crum/}}{{cite book|last1=Westendorf|first1=Wolfhart|title=Koptisches Handwörterbuch|date=1965–1977|publisher=Carl Winter - Universitätsverlag|location=Heidelberg|page=166}}) {{hiero|1=tp-rsy |2=D1:Z1-M24|align=left|era=egypt}} As in Hebrew and Greek, the term was used in Akkadian by the Assyrians as {{transliteration|akk|patúrisi}}, for example in the Annals of Esarhaddon.{{cite web|title=Esarhaddon 060|url=http://oracc.org/rinap/Q003289/html|website=The Royal Inscriptions of the Neo-Assyrian Period|publisher=Open Richly Annotated Cuneiform Corpus|accessdate=15 November 2014}} See line o 8'.