Pato

{{Infobox sport

| name = Pato

| image = Patogame.JPG

| imagesize = 250px

| caption = A game of {{lang|es|pato}} in Monte Hermoso, Argentina.

| union = {{lang|es|Federación Argentina de Pato y Horseball}} (Argentine Federation of Pato and Horseball)

| nickname = {{lang|es|El deporte nacional}} ("The national sport"){{cite web |url=http://www.glin.gov/view.action?glinID=111271 |title=Argentina Decree Nº 17468 of 16/09/1953 |publisher=Global Legal Information Network |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110429045635/http://www.glin.gov/view.action?glinID=111271 |archive-date=29 April 2011 |access-date=28 December 2012 |quote=Decree 17468 of 9/16/1953 decrees that the national sport or game shall be the one known as 'El Pato', as developed from an old game engaged in by the gauchos, and so truly Argentinean in origin.}}

| first = 1610, Argentina{{cite web |url=http://www.en.argentina.ar/_en/sports/C480-pato-argentinas-national-sport.php |title=Pato, Argentina's national sport |date=18 November 2008 |work=Argentina.ar |publisher=Secretariat of Public Communication, Presidency of the Nation |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110706075011/http://www.en.argentina.ar/_en/sports/C480-pato-argentinas-national-sport.php |archive-date=6 July 2011 |access-date=28 December 2012 |quote=In 1610, thirty years after Buenos Aires' second foundation and two hundred years before the May Revolution, a document drafted by the military anthropologist Felix de Azara described a pato sport scene taking place in the city.}}

| firstlabel =

| country/region = Argentina

| registered = Yes

| clubs = no

| contact = Yes

| team = 4 per team

| mgender = No

| category = Equestrian, ball game, team sport, outdoor

| equipment = Ball

| venue = Field (grass)

| obsolete = no

| olympic = No

| paralympic = No

}}

{{lang|es|Pato}}, also called {{lang|es|juego del pato}} ({{IPA|es|ˈxweɣo ðel ˈpato}}, literally "duck game"), is a game played on horseback that combines elements from polo and basketball. Since 1953 it has been the national sport of Argentina.

History

{{lang|es|Pato}} is Spanish for "duck", as early games used a live duck inside a basket instead of a ball.{{cite web |url=http://www.educar.org/Educacionfisicaydeportiva/historia/pato.asp |title=Historia del pato |first=Nidia Mabel |last=Cobiella |work=Educar.org |language=es |trans-title=History of pato |access-date=28 December 2012 |quote=Consistía en arrojar un pato hacia arriba y liberar dos grupos de jinetes que se atropellaban para capturarlo como fuera, y llevarlo. Los jugadores, entonces, se pasaban el pato unos a otros lanzándolo o golpeándolo, para finalmente lograr encestarlo en una red. En ocasiones el pato se colocaba dentro de una cesta y con ella se jugaba. |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121228042206/http://www.educar.org/educacionfisicaydeportiva/historia/pato.asp |archive-date=28 December 2012 }} Accounts of early versions of pato have been written since 1610. The playing field would often stretch the distance between neighboring {{lang|es|estancias}} (ranches). The first team to reach its own {{lang|es|casco}} (ranch house) with the duck would be declared the winner.

{{lang|es|Pato}} was banned several times during its history because of the violence—not only to the duck; many gauchos were trampled underfoot, and many more died in knife fights started in the heat of the game. In 1796, a Catholic priest insisted that {{lang|es|pato}} players who died in such a way should be denied Christian burial. Government ordinances forbidding the practice of {{lang|es|pato}} were common throughout the 19th century.

During the 1930s, {{lang|es|pato}} was regulated through the efforts of ranch owner Alberto del Castillo Posse, who drafted a set of rules inspired by modern polo. The game gained legitimacy, to the point that President Juan Perón declared {{lang|es|pato}} to be Argentina's national game in 1953.{{cite web |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052748703509404575300403661697926 |title=In Soccer-Mad Argentina, the National Sport Is a Lame Duck |first=Matt |last=Moffett |date=18 June 2010 |publisher=The Wall Street Journal |access-date=28 December 2012}}

Gameplay

In modern {{lang|es|pato}}, two four-member teams{{cite web |url=http://www.folkloredelnorte.com.ar/zips/regpato.htm |title=Reglamento oficial del juego de pato |first=Nono |last=Ocaranza Zavalía |work=Folkloredelnorte.com.ar |language=es |trans-title=Official rulebook of the game of pato |access-date=28 December 2012 |quote=El número de jugadores será de 4 por bando en todos los juegos y partidos debiendo numerarse del 1 al 4.}} riding on horses fight for possession of a ball which has six conveniently-sized handles, and score by throwing the ball through a vertically positioned ring (as opposed to the horizontal rim used in basketball). The rings have a 100 cm (3.3 ft) diameter, and are located atop 240 cm (7.9 ft) high poles. A closed net, extending for 140 cm (4.6 ft), holds the ball after goals are scored.

The winner is the team with most goals scored after regulation time (six 8-minute "periods").

The dimensions of the field are: length 180 to 220 m (196.9 to 240.6 yd), width 80 to 90 m (87 to 98 yd). The ball is made of leather, with an inflated rubber chamber and six leather handles. Its diameter is 40 cm (15.7 in) handle-to-handle and its weight is 1050 to 1250 g (2.3 to 2.8 lbs).

The player that has control of the {{lang|es|pato}} (i.e. holds the ball by a handle) must ride with his right arm outstretched, offering the {{lang|es|pato}} so rival players have a chance of tugging the {{lang|es|pato}} and stealing it. Not extending the arm while riding with the {{lang|es|pato}} is an offense called {{lang|es|negada}} (refusal).

During the tug itself, or {{lang|es|cinchada}}, both players must stand on the stirrups and avoid sitting on the saddle, while the hand not involved in the tugging must hold the reins. The tug is usually the most exciting part of the game.

{{lang|es|Pato}} is similar to the game of horseball played in France, Portugal, and other countries.

Popularity

{{lang|es|Pato}} is played competitively and also by amateurs, mostly in weekend fairs which usually include {{lang|es|doma}} (Argentine rodeo). Its status as the national game of Argentina has been challenged by association football, which is much more widespread. While virtually the entire population of the country are avid football fans and players, it is estimated that 90% of Argentines have not seen a {{lang|es|pato}} match, and there are only a few thousand players of the game. In light of this, a bill was introduced in the Argentine legislature in 2010 to elevate football to the status of national sport and reduce {{lang|es|pato}} to a traditional sport. Defenders of {{lang|es|pato}}'s official status point out that it is a completely indigenous game, while football was imported.