Paul Garrin

Garrin grew up in Camden, New Jersey. He took night classes at the Philadelphia College of Art, and worked at an offset printing shop in the day to support himself.{{cite news|last=Wilson |first=Marcia |title=Video Artist Paul Garrin |newspaper=Downtown Express|date=6 February 1991}}

Garrin began working with video while studying fine arts at the Cooper Union for the Advancement of Science and Art in New York City (1977–82) where he enrolled after two years of classical art training in painting, drawing, sculpture, materials, and printmaking at the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts in Philadelphia (1977). At Cooper Union, Garrin studied with many well-known artists including Hans Haacke, Vito Acconci, Robert Breer and Martha Rosler, all of whom had a major impact on Garrin's aesthetics and critical social content in his works.{{cite news |last=Adams |first=Brooks |date= 29 September 1998 |title=More than just High-Tech Video |newspaper=Hayward Gallery |location=South Bank Centre London}}{{cite journal |author1=Richard Crevier |author2=John Doherty |author3=Bernard Eisenchitz |author4=Brian Holmes |author5=Laurent Muhleism |author6=Marie-Noelle Ryan |title =3e biennale de lyon d'art contemporian (installation, cinema, video, informatique) |journal =3e Biennale de Lyo |pages =22,216–219,268,442–443,522}}{{rp|219}}

In 2001, Paul Garrin (A'82), was awarded the Cooper Union President Citation for outstanding attainments and contributions to his profession, and was inducted into the Cooper Union Alumni Hall of Fame.{{cite web |url=http://www.cualumni.com/s/1289/indexNoRtcol.aspx?sid=1289&gid=1&pgid=468#PG82 |title=Alumni Hall of Fame Profile Archive |author= |website=www.cualumni.com |publisher=The Cooper Union for the Advancement of Science and Art |accessdate=20 March 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131105080646/http://www.cualumni.com/s/1289/indexNoRtcol.aspx?sid=1289&gid=1&pgid=468#PG82 |archive-date=5 November 2013 |url-status=dead }}

Garrin belongs to the second generation of video artists whose works mix technological innovation with social criticism.{{rp|219}} Along with Jenny Holzer, Julia Scher, Lowell Darling, Laurie Anderson, Garrin was among a promising group of autonomous artists creating far-ranging works of art within the Web, tapping into the potential of the Web as a creative medium, thereby transcending the basic nature of the medium at the time.{{rp|422}}

From the time he was a student at Cooper Union, Paul's video works focused on single and double channel pieces. After graduation, Garrin's work was heavily influenced by the experimental works of Nam June Paik. This influence is seen emerging in such works as "A Place to Hide", 1985, and a series of pieces in collaboration with musician and composer Ryuichi Sakamoto and video artist Kit Fitzgerald sponsored by SONY Corporation, 1985–86, most notably "A Human Tube".{{cite AV media| people = Garrin, Paul (artist, director)| title =A Place to Hide |url=http://replace.tv/index.php?option=com_seyret&task=videodirectlink&id=2| medium = Art Videotape| publisher = replace.TV| location = New York City| date = 8 September 2008 }}

In 1988, Garrin created one of his most groundbreaking videos entitled "Free Society"{{cite web |url=http://www.filmladen.de/dokfest_alt/alt/2008/?page_id=3255 |title=Free Society |author= |date=10–15 November 2009 |website=www.filmladen.de/dokfest |publisher=Filmladen Kassel e.V. |accessdate=20 March 2014}} featuring original music by downtown composer and musician Elliott Sharp. Featuring uniquely layered digital effects and hand-cutout images edited in a staccato pace that reflects the violence and brutality of the subject matter, "Free Society" went on to win numerous awards, was featured in video and film festivals around the world, and is in the permanent collection of the U.S. Library of Congress.{{Citation| last=Rosenblatt | first=Stephen| title=Notice for Mandatory Deposit of Motion Pictures: Free Society: Man With A Video Camera| series =Library of Congress| place =Washington D.C., U.S. | date =4 December 1992 }} It also contains footage from his 1988 video of the Tompkins Square Park Police Riot.

• [http://replace.tv/index.php/watch?task=videodirectlink&id=2 A Place to Hide], 1985
• [http://replace.tv/index.php/watch?task=videodirectlink&id=3 A Human Tube], 1985–86 with Ryuichi Sakamoto
• [http://replace.tv/index.php/watch?task=videodirectlink&id=4 Free Society], 1988
• [http://replace.tv/index.php/watch?task=videodirectlink&id=5 Man with a Video Camera (Fuck Vertov)], 1989
• [http://replace.tv/index.php/watch?task=videodirectlink&id=10 Reverse Big Brother & Home(Less) is Where the Revolution is], 1990
• [http://replace.tv/index.php/watch?task=videodirectlink&id=6 By Any Means Necessary], 1990

Between the years 1984 to 1997, Garrin was among the pioneers in the field of fashion videography.{{cite AV media |people=Michael Nash, Kim Harlan Tassie |year=1991 |title=Art of music video : ten years after |medium=Video, Videocassette, U-matic, Visual material |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/863740148 |accessdate=24 March 2014 |location=California, U.S. |publisher=Long Beach Museum of Art Video Archive, circa 1970–2000.}} He worked with a number of popular fashion designers of the day. Highly attuned to the arts, they hired Garrin because of his background in fine arts, his experimental video works and collaborations with video artist Nam June Paik. Most notably were the designers Willi Smith,{{cite AV media |people=Willi Smith, Paul Garrin |year=1984 |title=Sub-urban Williwear the Fall 1984 collection |medium=VHS video, VHS tape, U-matic, Visual material |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/84086581 |accessdate=24 March 2014 |location=New York City, U.S. |publisher=Williwear Ltd., ©1984.}}{{cite AV media |people=Willi Smith, Paul Garrin |year=1985 |title=Sightseeing, spring '85 : Williwear, Willi Smith |medium=VHS video, VHS tape, U-matic, Visual material |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/79673156 |accessdate=24 March 2014 |location=New York City, U.S. |publisher=New York : Post Productions : Nexus, ©1984}} Carmelo Pomodoro and David Cameron. Some of his fashion videos are in the collection of the Fashion Institute of Technology.

Since 1989, Garrin has been working with interactive media, and developed three highly acclaimed works, "Yuppie Ghetto with Watchdog", 1989–90, "White Devil", 1992-93 and "Border Patrol" 1995–97, all of which were produced with the technical collaboration of friend and artist David Rokeby,{{cite web |last=Rokeby|first=David |title =Border Patrol (collaboration with Paul Garrin) (1995) |url=http://www.davidrokeby.com/border_patrol.html |accessdate=23 March 2014}}

{{cite news|last=Levin |first=Kim |title=Art That Barks. Art That Bites. |newspaper=The Village Voice|date=20 February 1990}} creator of the "Very Nervous System", evolutions of which formed the basis of "Yuppie Ghetto", "White Devil", and "Border Patrol". Garrin also enlisted Don Ritter, another friend and artist working in the same realm to create the live targets in the Border Patrol installation.{{cite web |author= |title =Orpheus |url=http://aesthetic-machinery.com/orpheus.html |accessdate=24 March 2014}}

• [http://replace.tv/index.php/watch?task=videodirectlink&id=12 Border Patrol], 1995-1997
• [http://replace.tv/index.php/watch?task=videodirectlink&id=8 White Devil], 1992-1993
• [http://replace.tv/index.php/watch?task=videodirectlink&id=1 Yuppie Ghetto with Watchdog], 1989-1990

Garrin's works have been widely exhibited and broadcast internationally including the Biennale d'art contemporain de Lyon, 1995–96, Kwangju Biennale, 1995, São Paulo Art Biennial, 1994,{{cite journal |title =22a Bienal Internacional de São Paulo |journal =22. Bienal Internacional São Paulo |pages =20, 34, 462–467| date = 12 October – 11 December 1994}} Holly Solomon Gallery in New York,{{cite news|last=Hagen |first=Charles |title=Peter Hutchinson and Paul Garrin |newspaper=The New York Times|date=4 February 1994}} Musee d'art contemporain de Montreal, 1997, Galleri Faurschou, Copenhagen, 1997,{{Cite sign |title=Paul Garrin. Border Patrol. |year=1997 |type=Postcard Advertisement |publisher=Galleri Faurschou |location=Copenhagen}} Offenes Kulturhaus, Linz, 1998, Lehmbruck Museum, Duisburg, Germany, 1999, and has been reviewed in The New York Times,{{cite news|last=Grundberg |first=Andy |title=Video Spin-Offs|newspaper=The New York Times|date=2 February 1990}} Art in America, Artforum, and others.{{cite journal |last=Blick |date=19 February 1990 |title=Video Verite. Ein Gesprach mit dem Videokunstler Paul Garrin |trans-title=Video Verite. A conversation with the video artist Paul Garrin |language=de |journal=Tageszeitung |location=Berlin, Germany |publisher=taz, die tageszeitung Verlagsgenossenschaft eG }}{{cite journal |author= |date=19 February 1990 |title=Kassiber Aus Dem Leben. Paul Garrin zu Gast in der Medienoperative |trans-title=Secret Message From Life. Paul Garrin guest in the MediA Operative |language=de |journal=Tageszeitung |location=Berlin, Germany |publisher=taz, die tageszeitung Verlagsgenossenschaft eG }}{{cite journal |author= |year=1990 |title=System-Kritik. Stiehlt das Videofest '90 der etablierten Berlinale die Schau? |trans-title=System Critic. Steals the Video Festival Berlinale '90, established the show? |language=de |journal=Film & TV Magazin |location=Berlin, Germany}}

Garrin's works have been documented in numerous publications worldwide including "History of 20th Century Art" by Taschen.{{cite book |last1 =Schneckenburger |first1 =Manfred |last2 =Frike |first2 =Christiane|last3 =Honnef |first3 =Klaus |author-link =Manfred Schneckenburger |title =ART of the 20th Century |publisher =Taschen | volume =II |year =1998 |location =Germany |pages =613, 614, 724 |isbn =3-8228-8576-2}}

His major works "Yuppie Ghetto with Watchdog", "White Devil" and "Border Patrol" are in the permanent collection of the Center for Art and Media Karlsruhe, Germany.

The following is a list of exhibitions that showcased Garrin's art videos and interactive installations:{{rp|11}}{{rp|268,522}}{{rp|464}}

1985

• The Kitchen, New York
• Musee d'Art Moderne de la Ville de Paris, Paris
• New Video Music, EUA

1987

• Artists in the Electronic Age, Davis Hall, City College of New York, New York
• Medienwerkstatt, Vienna
• Westfalisches Landesmusuem für Kunst und Kulturegeschichte, Munster, Germany
• Kunsthaus, Zurique
• American Video Festival
• American Film Institute, Los Angeles
• Folkwang 3 Video, Museum Folkwang, Essen, Germany
• Bonn Videonale, Bonn, Alemaha
• US Videovisit, Video Offensive, Dortmund, Germany

1988

• Hayward Gallery (with Nam June Paik), South Bank Centre, London
• The American Festival, American Film Institute, Los Angeles
• Bonn Videonale, Bonn, Germany
• Dallas Video Festival, Dallas Museum of Art, Dallas
• La Diade, Centro di Studi i Diffusione d'Arte Contemporanea, Bergamo, Italy

1989

• Festival de Cinema de Berlin
• Strange Attractors: Signs of Chaos, New Museum of Contemporary Art, New York

1990

• Featured Artist, Festival de Cinema de Berlin, Germany
• "Yuppie Ghetto with Watchdog" Premiere, The Clocktower Gallery, New York
• Amerika Haus, Berlin, Germany
• Videofest, Kunstler, Berlin, Germany
• Image World: Art and Media Culture, Whitney Museum, New York

1992

• Videoforms, Clermont-Ferrand, France
• Monstra de Arte
• Galeria Otso, Helsinki, Finland

1993

• Eisfabrik, Hanover, Germany
• Mediale, Hamburg, Germany

1994

• Holly Solomon Gallery, New York
• 22a Bienal Internacional de São Paulo, Brazil

1995

• Gwanju Biennale, Gwangju, South Korea
• Installation, cinema, video, informatique, 3e Biennale d'art contemporain de Lyon, France

1995–96

• Installation, cinema, video, informatique, 3e Biennale d'art contemporain de Lyon, France

1997

• Border Patrol, Galleri Faurschou, Copenhagen, Denmark
• Musee d'art contemprian de Montreal, Canada
• The Video Living Room

1998

• Offenes Kulturhaus, Linz, Austria

1999

• Lehmbruck Museum, Duisbrg, Germany

Garrin was the Artist in Residence at the Berlin Videofest, 1990,{{cite journal |last=Schulze |first=Christian |date=20 February 1990 |title=VideoFest '90 |trans-title=VideoFest '90 |language=de |journal=Zitty |location=Berlin, Germany |publisher=Verlag Der Tagesspiegel GmbH }} and has received numerous awards for excellence including New York Foundation for the Arts Fellowship, 1988; Special Prize, Bonn Videonale,{{rp|724}} 1988; New York State Council on the Arts Media Grant, 1990; Prize, Video Shorts, Seattle, 1990 & 91; Prix Ars Electronica, 1997; ZKM | Karlsruhe Medienkunstpreis, 1992.{{cite web |last =Weibel |first =Peter |author-link =Peter Weibel |title =Siemens Media Art Prize 1992. Electronics virtuoso and social workers. |publisher =Center for Art and Media Karlsruhe |year =1992 |url =http://on1.zkm.de/zkm/stories/storyReader$1116 |accessdate =22 March 2014 |archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20170707164736/http://on1.zkm.de/zkm/stories/storyReader$1116 |archive-date=2017-07-07}} In 2001, Garrin was awarded the Cooper Union President's Citation for outstanding attainments and contributions to his profession.

The following is a list of awards Garrin received for his artworks and accomplishments:{{rp|464}}

1988

• Special Prize, Bonn Videonale, Bonn, Germany
• New York Foundation Arts Fellowship

1990

• New York State Council on the Arts Media Grant
• Prize, Video Shorts, Seattle, U.S.
• Artist in Residence, Berlin Videofest

1991

• Prize, Video Shorts, Seattle, U.S.

1992

• Siemens Media Art Prize 1992, Medienkunstpreis, Karlsruhe, Germany

1993

• Mediale, Hamburg, Germany

1997

• Award of Distinction in Interactive Art, Prix Ars Electronica

2001

• President's Citation, The Alumni Hall of Fame, Cooper Union, New York

Starting as his assistant in 1981,{{rp|219}} Garrin eventually emerged as one of Nam June Paik's most important and longtime collaborators, working closely with him from 1982 to 1996. Garrin started working for Paik on March 30, 1981, the day that Ronald Reagan was shot, and spent the day recording TV news broadcasts of the event.School of the Art Institute of Chicago. (n.d.). Paul Garrin. Video Data Bank. https://www.vdb.org/artists/paul-garrin Evident in Paik's later pieces, Garrin produced hundreds of works with his richly layered and textured tour-de-force imaging techniques, where images multiply and divide within the frame; temporal and spatial shifts proliferate, visuals and sound are juxtaposed in ironic contexts.

These were exhibited and remain in the collections of major museums worldwide including the Museum of Modern Art (MoMa),{{cite web |author= |title =Nam June Paik (American, born Korea. 1932–2006) with Paul Garrin, Betsy Connors. Living with the Living Theatre |url=http://www.moma.org/collection//browse_results.php?criteria=O%3AAD%3AE%3A4469&page_number=27&template_id=1&sort_order=1 |accessdate=24 March 2014}} Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum,{{cite web |last=Hanhardt |first=John G. |title =The Worlds Of Nam June Paik |url=http://pastexhibitions.guggenheim.org/paik/index.html |accessdate=23 March 2014}} Los Angeles County Museum of Art, Smithsonian American Art Museum,{{Citation |author= |title =Checklist, Nam June Paik: Global Visionary 13 Dec 2012 – 11 August 2013 |journal =Smithsonian American Art Museum |pages =1–10 |publisher = Springer-Verlag |location = Berlin |date =12 December 2012 |url = http://americanart.si.edu/pr/library/2012/paik/paik_checklist.pdf}} Centre Georges Pompidou,{{cite web |author= |title =Good Morning Mr. Orwell (1984) |url=http://www.spacestudios.org.uk/whats-on/exhibitions/good-morning-mr-orwell-1984- |accessdate=24 March 2014}}{{cite web |author= |title =Good Morning Mr. Orwell |url=http://fiuamsterdam.com/WaldoBienWebsite/LocalPublish/html/with_beuys.html |accessdate=24 March 2014}} Museum Ludwig, and elsewhere.{{cite web |last1=Langer |first1=Brian |last2=Kirker |first2=Anne |last3=Burnett |first3=David |title=Liquid Medium |url=http://www.qagoma.qld.gov.au/cinematheque/past_programs/liquid_medium_list_of_works |accessdate=23 March 2014 |archive-date=24 March 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140324160450/http://www.qagoma.qld.gov.au/cinematheque/past_programs/liquid_medium_list_of_works |url-status=dead }}

One such collaboration was Garrin and Paik's Two Channel Music Tape Spring/Fall (1986) comprising two different but complementary videos playing simultaneously on monitors. The visual interplay creates a rapid visual assault. Scenes are multi-layered, fleeting and hard to register. Aesthetically pleasing and amusing footage of the news, pop-culture, and art world are altered and synthesized with the pair's signature image-processing techniques. This piece was acquired by the Long Beach Museum of Art (LBMA) by museum curator Michael Nash in 1989.

The following is a list of exhibitions that showcased Paul Garrin and Nam June Paik's media art collaborations:{{cite web |author= |title =Exchange and Evolution: Worldwide Video Long Beach 1974–1999 |url=http://artdaily.com/index.asp?int_sec=11&int_new=51046&int_modo=2#.UzEWZF6FZZc |accessdate=24 March 2014}}

1988

• Hayward Gallery (with Nam June Paik), South Bank Centre, London

1989

• Reconstructed Realms: Recent Acquisitions of LBMA's Video Collection
• Living with the Living Theatre, Smithsonian American Art Museum

1990

• Waterworks

1991

• Art of Music Video: 10 Years After

As an early citizen journalist, Garrin's noted video document{{cite AV media|people =Garrin, Paul (Artist, Documentarist)|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bunhcwSvil8&index=15&list=PL34A7380938AB79D4|title= Tompkins Square Park Riot |medium =Video |publisher =Garrin, Paul |location =New York City |year =1988}} of the Tompkins Square Park Riot (1988) became iconic in exposing the coverup of police misconduct.{{cite news|last=McFadden |first=Robert D. |title=Park Curfew Protest Erupts Into a Battle And 38 Are Injured |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1988/08/08/nyregion/park-curfew-protest-erupts-into-a-battle-and-38-are-injured.html?src=pm&pagewanted=1 |accessdate=21 March 2014 |newspaper=The New York Times|date=8 April 1988}} Shot with a home video camcorder, the tape exposed through the media the willful police violence against demonstrators and bystanders,{{cite web |last=Flash |first=Chris |title = Tompkin Square Riot Memories |url=http://www.tacticalmediafiles.net/article.jsp;jsessionid=83A77DA12BC5F865A24C6CD5011FED5A?objectnumber=51821 |accessdate = 21 March 2014}} and became known as the spark which ignited the "camcorder revolution".{{cite interview |last=Garrin |first=Paul |subject-link=Paul Garrin |interviewer=Chris Flash |title=The 1988 Tompkins Square Police Riot – A Video Point of View |url=http://www.tacticalmediafiles.net/article.jsp?objectnumber=51858 |publisher =The Shadow |location=New York City |date=2008|accessdate=21 March 2014}}

Garrin, who was taking video pictures from atop a van was clubbed by two police officers (with other officers looking on) as he pleaded that he was climbing off the vehicle at their instruction and urged not to be hit.{{cite journal |last1 =Gevirtz |first1 =Leslie |title =Report: Police Abuse: The Need for Civilian Investigation and Oversight |journal =NYCLU |publisher =New York Civil Liberties Union |location =New York City |date =June 1990 |url =http://www.nyclu.org/publications/report-police-abuse-need-civilian-investigation-and-oversight-1990}}{{rp|2}} With his potentially incriminating video shown on many television stations, Garrin was one of the most prominent of the Tompkins Square victims. On the day after the riot, he received two anonymous threatening phone calls, and the day after that another two. He recalls the language in some of them: "You better get the fuck away -- they're gonna get you." "Paul, you stupid motherfucker, you got the whole Police Department against you." "You can run, but you can't hide."{{rp|A-7}}

Pummeled by at least five officers{{rp|55}}and video-documented by Clayton Patterson,{{rp|59}}{{cite AV media |people=Patterson, Clayton (Documentarist) |title=Tompkins Square Park Police Riot August 1988 |medium=Video |publisher=Clayton Patterson |time=2:30 "minutes in" |location=New York City |year=1988 |url=http://patterson.no-art.info/video/1988_tompkins.html}} a class action lawsuit was filed on behalf of Garrin.{{rp|A-7}} In addition to seeking damages for Garrin, the suit sought to end a longstanding pattern of police abuse, namely, interference with persons photographing and otherwise recording police actions.{{rp|55}}{{rp|A-7}}{{cite AV media |people=Koch, Ed |title=Mayor Ed Koch on the Tompkins Square Park Police Riot of 1988|medium=Video |publisher=The Daily Beast |time="Event occurs at time" 0:05 |location=New York City |date=3 November 2012 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nR_cbK7Gz1w |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211219/nR_cbK7Gz1w |archive-date=2021-12-19 |url-status=live}}{{cbignore}}

The media notoriety of the riot video with Garrin as videographer is believed to have inspired{{cite news|last=Ferguson |first=Sarah |title=Far from heaven sent, Rent is all-Hollywood |url=http://www.downtownexpress.com/de_137/farfromheavensent.html |accessdate=21 March 2014 |newspaper=Downtown Express|date=23–30 December 2005}} the late playwright and then East Village, Manhattan resident Jonathan Larson to create the character "Mark Cohen" in Rent (musical).

Officially serving on the Cooper Union Alumni Association (CUAA) Communications Committee,{{cite web |author= |title = Communications Committee Page |url=http://www.cualumni.com/s/1289/indexNoRtcol.aspx?sid=1289&gid=1&pgid=1080&sparam=paul%20garrin&scontid=0 |accessdate = 22 March 2014}} Garrin has been an active member of the CUAA since 2011.

From the fall of 2011, Garrin participated in the Friends of Cooper Union and Free Cooper Union brainstorming events, and contributed to "The Way Forward"{{cite journal |last=Friends of Cooper Union |title =The Way Forward|publisher =Friends of Cooper Union |location =New York City |date =26 April 2012 |url =http://friendsofcooperunion.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/2012/03/CooperUnion_TheWayForward.pdf}}{{rp|17}} – a document of proposals to help restructure the Cooper Union to aid it out of the Cooper Union financial crisis and tuition protests, and restore full tuition scholarships to all of its students.

In 2013, Garrin co-organized a CUAA/CUES event in the Great Hall in conjunction with the MIT Enterprise Forum of NY on surveillance. Entitled "Ethics, Law & Surveillance Culture" the program featured author James Bamford, criminal defense attorney Stanley L. Cohen, New York Civil Liberties Union Director Donna Lieberman, and independent journalist Paul DeRienzo.{{cite web |last = Cooper Union |title = Event: Ethics, Law, and Surveillance Culture |url =http://www.cualumni.com/s/1289/indexNoRtcol.aspxsid=1289&gid=1&sitebuilder=1&pgid=1183 |accessdate = 21 March 2014}}{{cite AV media|people =James Bamford, Stanley Cohen, Donna Lieberman, Paul DeRienzo. |title =Ethics, Law, and Surveillance Culture |medium =Live event recording |publisher =Cooper Union Entrepreneurship Society |location =New York City |date =23 September 2013 |url =http://www.livestream.com/cooperunionentrepreneurs/video?clipId=pla_08e06b25-792a-4b4c-a3fd-4c37ebab9a88}}{{cite news|last=admin |title=Panel tears the lid off the culture of surveillance |url=http://thevillager.com/2013/10/03/panel-tears-the-lid-off-the-culture-of-surveillance/ |accessdate=21 March 2014|newspaper=[The Villager]|date=3 October 2013}}

By January 2014, Garrin successfully crowd-funded the Cooper Lumen Design Challenge, partnering with non-profit Two Bridges Neighborhood Council to directly fund interdisciplinary student work for credit in the 2014 semester, all of which has generated positive media for Cooper Union.{{cite news|last=Spokony|first=Sam|title=Cooper, community team to create emergency system|url=http://thevillager.com/2013/12/12/cooper-community-team-up-to-create-emergency-system/|accessdate=21 March 2014|newspaper=The Villager|date=12 Dec 2013}}{{cite web |url=http://www.boweryboogie.com/2014/01/cooper-lumen-design-challenge-seeking-funds-lower-east-side-project/|title=Cooper Lumen Design Challenge Seeking Funds for Lower East Side Project |author=Holly Louise|date=14 January 2014|website=www.boweryboogie.com|publisher=Bowery Boogie |accessdate=21 March 2014|url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220519151005/https://boweryboogie.com/2014/01/cooper-lumen-design-challenge-seeking-funds-lower-east-side-project/ |archive-date=19 May 2022}}

• Represented Cooper Union as panel member at Ruckus NYC–a one-day conference and concert on art and the web, 29 September 2012.{{cite web |author= |title = Alumni Participate in Ruckus NYC |url=http://www.cualumni.com/s/1289/indexNoRtcol.aspx?sid=1289&gid=1&pgid=252&cid=644&ecid=1778&sparam=paul%20garrin&scontid=694|accessdate = 22 March 2014}}
• Participated in the Law Affinity Group Pop-up on 6 December 2012.{{cite web |author= |title =Law Affinity Group Pop-Up |url=http://www.cualumni.com/s/1289/index2.aspx?sid=1289&gid=1&pgid=887&sparam=paul%20garrin&scontid=0 |accessdate= 22 March 2014}}
• Co-organized and hosted "Ethics, Law & Surveillance Culture" on 23 September 2013.{{cite web |author= |title =Ethics, Law, and Surveillance Culture Event Summary – September 23, 2013 |url=http://www.cualumni.com/s/1289/indexNoRtcol.aspx?sid=1289&gid=1&pgid=1183&sparam=paul%20garrin&scontid=0 |accessdate= 22 March 2014}}
• Successfully crowdfunded over 10K for the Cooper Lumen Design Challenge on 15 January 2014.{{cite web |author= |title =December Crowdfunding Corner 2013. Cooper Lumen Challenge by Toby Cumberbach and Paul Garrin A'82 |url=http://www.cualumni.com/s/1289/indexNoRtcol.aspx?sid=1289&gid=1&pgid=1217&sparam=paul%20garrin&scontid=0 |accessdate= 22 March 2014}}{{cite AV media|people =Toby Cumberbatch, Harrison Cohen, Kerri Culhane, Carlina Rivera. |title =Cooper Lumen Design Challenge |medium =Video Production |publisher =Two Bridges Neighborhood Council, Cooper Union Alumnus|location =New York City |date =3 November 2013 |url =http://www.indiegogo.com/projects/support-the-cooper-lumen-design-challenge}}
• Represented CUAA as docent at the Ken Burns Charity Event on 26 March 2014.{{cite web |author= |title =CUAA Provides Docents For Ken Burns Charity Event |url=http://www.cualumni.com/s/1289/index2.aspx?sid=1289&gid=1&pgid=1313&sparam=paul%20garrin&scontid=0 |accessdate= 22 March 2014}}
• Co-organizer of the Peter Cooper Block Party on Founders Day, 13 April 2014.

In 1992, Garrin was a UNESCO Fellow at the Academy of Media Arts Cologne, Germany, where he was first introduced to the Internet.

Formerly PG Media, Garrin founded Name.Space in 1996, an independent top-level domain (TLD) registry with a primary mission to develop, publish and provide registry services for new TLDs on the Internet, to introduce competition, diversity and localism in the domain name market, and support the balanced interests of commercial, non-commercial, and political speech on the internet.{{cite newsgroup |title=Name.Space Comments on ICANN RFP for Sponsored Top Level Domain Applications |author=Paul Garrin |date=25 August 2003 |website=forum.icann.org |url=http://forum.icann.org/mtg-cmts/stld-rfp-comments/general/msg00058.html |accessdate=December 5, 2014}}

Through online crowd-sourcing, Name.Space was the first to create hundreds of new Internet TLDs including .NYC,{{cite news|last=Patterson |first=Clayton |title='Net pioneer needs help in fight for rights to .nyc |url=http://thevillager.com/2012/05/17/net-pioneer-needs-help-in-fight-for-rights-to-nyc/ |accessdate=21 March 2014 |newspaper=The Villager|date=17 May 2012}} .ART, .MUSIC,.SPACE, .SUCKS and .GREEN,{{cite news |last =Murphy |first =Kevin |title =Company claims ownership of 482 new gTLDs |newspaper =Domain Incite |location =London, U.K. |date =22 March 2012 |url =http://domainincite.com/8247-company-claims-ownership-of-482-new-gtlds |accessdate =24 March 2014 }} pioneering the expansion{{cite web| last =Rushkoff| first =David| title =YOUR.NAME.HERE. Paul Garrin's alternate network of nameservers rocks | date =9 May 2008 | url =http://www.rushkoff.com/articles-individual/2008/5/9/yournamehere.html| accessdate =21 March 2013}} of the Internet Domain Name System while others opposed it. Some even spread untruths that the addition of hundreds or more TLDs would "break the Internet".{{Citation| last1 =Paganelli |first1 =Frank V. |title =Ex Parte Meeting of March 13, 1998 |publisher = National Telecommunications and Information Administration |date =13 March 1998 |url =http://www.ntia.doc.gov/legacy/ntiahome/domainname/130dftmail/PGMEDIA.htm |accessdate = 23 March 2014}} In reality, there are no technical constraints preventing the addition of thousands of new top-level names to the DNS root.{{cite conference |title =Competing DNS Roots: Creative Destruction or Just Plain Destruction? |journal =TPRC's 29th Research Conference on Communication, Information, Cabbages, and Kings. |url=http://www.cs.duke.edu/courses/cps182s/fall03/readings/tprc-2001-mueller.pdf | pages = 1–19 |date =October 2001}}

Name.Space's creation of hundreds of TLDs predates the formation of the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) which incorporated in 1998{{cite web |last =ICANN |title = Registrar Accreditation: History of the Shared Registry System |url =http://www.icann.org/en/resources/registrars/accreditation/history |accessdate = 21 March 2014}}{{cite news |last =Long |first =Tony |title =Sept. 18, 1998: ICANN Takes Over Running the Internet |newspaper =Wired |location =U.S. |publisher =Condé Nast |date =18 September 2007 |url =https://www.wired.com/science/discoveries/news/2007/09/dayintech_0918 |accessdate =24 March 2014 }} As an early proponent of a shared TLD registry system, Name.Space helped shape the adaptation of a wholesale-retail domain registration market that is in practice today.

Name.Space endeavored to bring its TLDs to market by means of an antitrust case against Network Solutions 1997–2000{{cite book |last =Mueller |first =Milton L. |title =Ruling the Root: Internet governance and the taming of cyberspace |place =U.S. |publisher =MIT Press |year =2002 |pages =[https://archive.org/details/rulingrootintern00muel/page/152 152–153] |isbn =0-262-13412-8 |url-access =registration |url =https://archive.org/details/rulingrootintern00muel/page/152 }}{{cite news|last=Weise|first=Elizabeth|title=New York Company Sues to Open Up Internet Names|url=https://www.nytimes.com/library/cyber/week/032297domain.html|accessdate=21 March 2014|newspaper=The New York Times|date=22 March 1997}}{{cite news|last=Galante|first=Suzanne|title=Domain name suit to include NSF |url=http://news.cnet.com/2100-1023-203408.html|accessdate=21 March 2014|newspaper=CNET News|date=18 September 1997}} (based on the successful MCI v. ATT{{cite court|litigants = MCI v. ATT |vol=708 F.2d 1081 |reporter =U.S.|date =1983|url=http://openjurist.org/708/f2d/1081/mci-communications-corporation-mci-v-american-telephone-and-telegraph-company}} that broke up the telephone company monopoly in the US in 1983). The Name.Space v. Network Solutions, Inc. antitrust lawsuit gave momentum to the restructuring of the domain name registration market from a single monopoly based system to a wholesale-retail one.{{cite news |last =Goodin |first =Dan |title =NSI hit with domain class action |newspaper =CNET |location =U.S. |publisher =CBS Interactive |date =21 October 1997 |url =http://news.cnet.com/2100-1023-204486.html |accessdate =24 March 2014 }}{{cite news |last =Patience |first =Nick |title =PG Media Brings NSI/NSF Antitrust Case To A Head |newspaper =Computerwire |date =22 July 1998 |url =http://name.space/press/hearing.php8 |accessdate =24 March 2014 }}

Although Network Solutions got immunity from the antitrust law,{{Citation |last =Dillon |first =John |title =Networking with Spooks |journal =CovertAction Quarterly |volume =59 |issue =64 |pages =30–31 |date =Winter 1996–1997 |url = http://namespace.us/press/CAQ59_networking_with_spooks_1996.pdf |issn =1067-7232}} the public benefited from the Name.Space v. NSI lawsuit with the introduction of the wholesale-retail structure that transformed the domain registration market lowering fees from $100 to less than $10 to register a domain name, depending on the TLD and the retailer.{{cite press release |title =name.space Offers Famous Names and Trademark Holders a One-Stop Shop for Low Cost Brand Protection and Anti Cybersquatting in Its gTLDs |publisher =Name.Space |date =28 March 2012 |url =http://name.space/name.space-press-release-2012-04-02.pdf |accessdate =24 March 2014}}

ICANN held its first generic top-level domain (gTLD) application process in 2000.{{cite web |author= |title =New TLD Application Process Overview |url=http://archive.icann.org/en/tlds/application-process-03aug00.htm |accessdate=24 March 2014}} Name.Space was considered in the top 10 "strong candidates" out of 44 applicants,{{cite AV media|people =Louis Touton, Vint Cerf, Esther Dyson |title =ICANN board (sans recused members) discusses the Name.Space gTLD application 2000 |medium =Live recording |publisher =replace.TV |location =Marina Del Ray, California |date =15 November 2000 |url =http://replace.tv/vid/2000-icann1116-pt02-ns-discussion.mov}} but delegation was deferred in favor of a very limited group of domain industry incumbents, almost all closely tied to ICANN, to the exclusion of many viable new entrants.{{cite news|last=Charny |first=Ben |title=ICANN names new dot-competition |url=https://www.zdnet.com/article/icann-names-new-dot-competition/ |access-date=21 March 2014|newspaper=ZDNet|date=17 November 2000}} A number of ICANN Board members recused themselves from the gTLD selection process because of involvement with applications under consideration.{{Citation |title =ICANN Governance |journal =Senate Hearing 107-1100 |date =14 February 2001 |url =http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CHRG-107hhrg71484/html/CHRG-107hhrg71484.htm}} Particularly controversial was a proposal by Afilias LLC, an organization that includes 19 registrars, including Herndon, Va.-based Network Solutions Inc., the domain registration unit of VeriSign Inc., to run the registry for a .web domain.{{cite magazine |last =Thibodeau |first =Patrick |title =.com gets company; controversy flares. Naming authority approves seven more domains; some fault selection process. |magazine =Computerworld |date =20 November 2000 |url=http://www.computerworld.com/s/article/54206/.com_gets_company_controversy_flares|accessdate =21 March 2014}}

Nevertheless, former ICANN Chair Esther Dyson supported Name.Space's application. In her syndicated column in SFGate, an online version of the San Francisco Chronicle, she wrote:

"... the proposal of Name.Space appealed to me precisely because it was a mix of commerce and principle. If the company that wanted to offer .star and .jazz was prepared to subsidize .sucks, more power to it.

Name.Space exists today as a social enterprise corporation and continues to challenge status-quo entities that it views as corrupt with a lawsuit against ICANN.

In 2003, Garrin launched WiFi-NY, an independent, cooperative community wireless broadband network that serves downtown Manhattan and Brooklyn.{{cite web |author= |title =About WiFi-NY |url=https://wifiny.net/?view=staticpage;page=about.html;client_ip=172.22.248.165;portal=wifiNY |accessdate=24 March 2014}}{{cite news |last=Lincoln |first=Anderson |date=2–8 August 2006 |title=Freeing the 'Net through wind-powered wireless |url=http://thevillager.com/villager_170/freeingthenetthrough.html |newspaper=The Villager |location=New York City, U.S.|publisher=Jennifer Goodstein |accessdate=24 March 2014 }} Since 2013, the WiFi-NY Peoples Emergency Network has been in partnership with Two Bridges Neighborhood Council, LES community groups, Cooper Union Alumnus, Toby J. Cumberbatch,{{cite web |author= |title=Albert Nerken School of Engineering Faculty & Staff. Toby J. Cumberbatch. Professor of Electrical Engineering |url=http://cooper.edu/engineering/people/toby-j-cumberbatch |accessdate=24 March 2014 |archive-date=22 March 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140322074011/http://cooper.edu/engineering/people/toby-j-cumberbatch |url-status=dead }} Professor of Engineering, Cooper Union and students from the Cooper Union schools of Art, Architecture, and Engineering to design a solar-powered product that can simultaneously provide public wireless Internet, emergency lighting and a charging station for computers or cell phones to enhance community resiliency post Hurricane Sandy. Community leaders supporting the Cooper Lumen Design Challenge hope to install the resulting three-in-one power innovation(s) around public spaces — starting near the East River waterfront, and in common areas in Two Bridges, Lower East Side, Chinatown, Manhattan East Village and other New York City neighborhoods, where many suffered after losing power after Superstorm Sandy struck.

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Category:American artists

Category:American interdisciplinary artists

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Category:People from the Lower East Side