Paul Hornung

Hornung was born and raised in Louisville, Kentucky. He was the son of Paul Vernon Hornung Sr. and Loretta Williams. He was an outstanding athlete at Flaget High School in Louisville, and lettered all four years in football, basketball, and baseball. He was recruited by Bear Bryant at Kentucky in nearby Lexington, but chose to attend Notre Dame instead.

After spending his sophomore season of 1954 as a backup fullback, Hornung blossomed as a halfback and safety during his junior year in 1955. He finished fourth in the nation in total offense with 1,215 yards and six touchdowns. His two touchdowns on offense and two interceptions on defense spurred a victory over No. 4 Navy, and his touchdown pass and field goal beat Iowa. In a loss to Southern California, Hornung ran and threw for 354 yards, the best in the nation in 1955.

In the 1956 season he led his team offensively in passing, rushing, scoring, kickoff and punt returns, and punting. He also played defense, led in passes broken up, and was second in interceptions and tackles made. In spite of Notre Dame's 2–8 record, Hornung won the Heisman Trophy in 1956 as the season's outstanding college football player – the only time a player from a losing team has been so honored.{{cite web|url=http://www.heisman.com/winners/p-hornung56.html |title=1956 – 22nd Award |publisher=Heisman.com |access-date=December 22, 2007 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071203001443/http://www.heisman.com/winners/p-hornung56.html |archive-date=December 3, 2007 }} Nicknamed "The Golden Boy", the highly versatile quarterback could run, pass, block, and tackle. Many consider Hornung the greatest all-around football player in Notre Dame history.{{cite web|url=http://www.allamericanspeakers.com/speakerbio/Paul_Hornung.php|title=Biography of Paul Hornung|publisher=All American|access-date=December 22, 2007}}{{cite web|url=http://heismanpundit.com/section/wtskting/|title=Heisman History: A Look Back At 1956|publisher=The Heisman Pundit|date=November 10, 2006|access-date=December 22, 2007 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20071029234036/http://heismanpundit.com/section/wtskting/ |archive-date = October 29, 2007}}{{cite web|url=http://notredame.rivals.com/content.asp?SID=961&CID=446692|title=Notre Dame Heisman Trophy Winners|date=August 24, 2005 |publisher=Rivals.com|access-date=December 22, 2007}}

Hornung also played basketball during his sophomore year at Notre Dame.{{cite book |last=Douchant |first=Mike |year=1995 |title=Encyclopedia of College Basketball |publisher=International Thomson Publishing |isbn=0-8103-9640-8 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofco00douc }} He has said that he attended Notre Dame in part for the opportunity to play basketball, and that he was asked not to continue playing in order to help keep his grades up.Live interview during the broadcast of the March 15, 2012, NCAA Tournament first-round game between Murray State and Colorado State.

At the 1957 College All Star game in August in Chicago, Hornung had a famous match race with Abe Woodson. Woodson said, "We had Jim Brown, Jim Parker, John Brodie, Jon Arnett, Len Dawson, Paul Hornung, and Tommy McDonald, with Curly Lambeau and Otto Graham as our coaches, and we still lost 22–7 to the New York Giants. Oh, well." Just for fun, Woodson, one of the fastest players ever to put on pads, and Hornung agreed to a {{convert|100|yd|adj=on}} match race. Hornung won by five yards.{{citation needed|date=August 2016}}

After graduating from Notre Dame with a degree in business, Hornung was the first selection overall in the 1957 NFL draft. He was taken by the Green Bay Packers, with whom he went on to win four league championships, including the first Super Bowl in January 1967.

Hornung was the only Packer on the roster who did not play in Super Bowl I. A pinched nerve sidelined him, and he chose not to enter the game in the fourth quarter.

As a professional, Hornung played the halfback position as well as field goal kicker for several seasons. Hornung led the league in scoring for three straight seasons from 1959–61. During the 1960 season, the last with just 12 games, he set an all-time record by scoring 176 points. Hornung also passed for two additional touchdowns, which did not add to his point-scoring total. The record stood until the {{nfly|2006}} season, when running back LaDainian Tomlinson of the San Diego Chargers broke the record with 180 points by scoring his 30th touchdown on December 17, leaving him with four points more than Hornung's record with more than two games to play (but in his 14th game, compared to Hornung's 12 games).

In 1961, Hornung tied the scoring record for a player in a postseason game (held by Pat Harder in 1952) with a 19-point effort in the NFL championship game.{{cite web | url=https://www.pro-football-reference.com/leaders/scoring_single_game_playoffs.htm | title=NFL Points Scored Single Game Playoffs Leaders | website=Pro-Football-Reference.com }}{{cite news |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=42BQAAAAIBAJ&sjid=pRAEAAAAIBAJ&pg=6685%2C9337 |newspaper=Milwaukee Sentinel |title=Packers World Champions! | last = Lea | first = Bud | author-link = Bud Lea |date=January 1, 1962 |page=1M}}{{cite news |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=42BQAAAAIBAJ&sjid=pRAEAAAAIBAJ&pg=2928%2C206689 |newspaper=Milwaukee Sentinel |title=Facts and figures |date=January 1, 1962 |page=1S}}{{cite news |url=http://archives.chicagotribune.com/1962/01/01/page/93/article/green-bay-37-new-york-0000 |newspaper=Chicago Tribune |last=Strickler |first=George |title=Green Bay 37, New York 0! |date=January 1, 1962 |page=1, part 6}} That record stood for nearly 33 years until Ricky Watters scored 30 points in the 1994 NFC Divisional Round. In Green Bay's 1965 championship win, he rushed for 105 yards and a touchdown on a very muddy field against the Cleveland Browns.{{cite news |url=http://archives.chicagotribune.com/1966/01/03/page/65/article/green-bay-wins-n-f-l-crown-23-to-12 |newspaper=Chicago Tribune |last=Strickler |first=George |title=Green Bay wins N.F.L. crown, 23 to 12 |date=January 3, 1966 |pages=1, 3}}{{cite news |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=jX1QAAAAIBAJ&sjid=axEEAAAAIBAJ&pg=7268%2C357985 |newspaper=Milwaukee Sentinel | last = Lea | first = Bud | author-link = Bud Lea |title=Packers blast Browns for title |date=January 3, 1966 |page=2, part 2}}{{cite news |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=hS5JAAAAIBAJ&sjid=AYQMAAAAIBAJ&pg=805%2C830252 |newspaper=Youngstown Vindicator |location=Ohio |agency=Associated Press |last=Hand |first=John |title=Green Bay's ball-control tactics beat Browns for title, 23–12 |date=January 3, 1966 |page=18 }} In October of that same year, he set a record for most points in a calendar month with 77. This was also broken by Tomlinson, who posted 78 points in November 2006.

Hornung was voted the league's Most Valuable Player in 1961 and was chosen as an All-Pro twice and named to the Pro Bowl twice. He is one of only nine players to have won both the Heisman Trophy and the NFL's Most Valuable Player Award.{{cite web|url=http://heisman.com/news/2016/2/7/Heisman_Winners_0207161628.aspx |title=M-V-P! |publisher=Heisman.com |author=Chris Huston |access-date=December 7, 2017}} The others are: Frank Sinkwich (1944), Roger Staubach (1971), O. J. Simpson (1973), Earl Campbell (1978 and 1979), Marcus Allen (1985), Barry Sanders (1997) and Cam Newton (2016). He is also the first player to ever make a 50+ yard fair catch kick, which is a rule that allows a team that has just made a fair catch to attempt a free kick from the spot of the catch. This came in 1964 on September 13, at the end of the first half of the opener against rival (and defending champion) Chicago.{{cite news |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=L5hRAAAAIBAJ&sjid=7BAEAAAAIBAJ&pg=6988%2C2386970 |newspaper=Milwaukee Sentinel | last = Lea | first = Bud | author-link = Bud Lea |title=Packers hammer Bears, 23–12! |date=September 14, 1964 |page=4, part 2}}{{cite news |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=LIcyAAAAIBAJ&sjid=G-YFAAAAIBAJ&pg=5793%2C6731752 |newspaper=Lawrence Journal-World |location=Kansas |agency=Associated Press |title=Green Bay uses fair catch rule |date=September 14, 1964 |page=10}}{{cite news |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=kthaAAAAIBAJ&sjid=hWwDAAAAIBAJ&pg=3372%2C2981388 |newspaper=Pittsburgh Post Gazette |last=Sell |first=Jack |title=Something for free |date=September 17, 1964 |page=37 }}

In 1965 the 29 year-old Hornung scored a team-record five touchdowns (three rushing and two pass receptions) in a 42–27 road win over the Baltimore Colts on December 12.{{cite news |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=yrRWAAAAIBAJ&sjid=0ugDAAAAIBAJ&pg=7072%2C4058281 |newspaper=Spokesman-Review |location=Spokane, Washington |agency=Associated Press |title=Paul's pure gold for Pack; Sayers scores 6 Bear TD's |date=December 13, 1965 |page=12}}{{cite news |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=-3NQAAAAIBAJ&sjid=-BAEAAAAIBAJ&pg=6131%2C2516679 |newspaper=Milwaukee Sentinel |last=Bochat |first=Rel |title=Hero Hornung lauds mates |date=December 13, 1965 |page=2, part 2 |access-date=February 29, 2016 |archive-date=March 12, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160312091847/https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=-3NQAAAAIBAJ&sjid=-BAEAAAAIBAJ&pg=6131%2C2516679 |url-status=dead }} Hornung's five TD's were overshadowed by the record-tying six touchdowns scored by Chicago's Gale Sayers later that same day against San Francisco at Wrigley Field.{{cite news |url=http://archives.chicagotribune.com/1965/12/13/page/85/article/bears-win |newspaper=Chicago Tribune |last=Strickler |first=George |title=Bears win; 6 touchdowns by Sayers |date=December 13, 1965 |page=1, section 3}} But the Packers' victory over the Colts proved important for the Packers, as they wound up tied with the Colts in the Western Conference standings at season's end (forcing an extra playoff game on December 26 which the Packers won in overtime to advance to the NFL Championship). In that NFL championship game against the Cleveland Browns on January 2, Hornung ran for 105 yards and a touchdown in the Packers' 23–12 win for their third league title under Lombardi.

A pinched nerve in Hornung's neck severely curtailed his playing time in 1966,{{cite news |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=tvxNAAAAIBAJ&sjid=rosDAAAAIBAJ&pg=4687%2C3707338 |newspaper=Free Lance-Star |location=Fredericksburg, Virginia |agency=Associated Press |title=Move to New Orleans no surprise to Hornung |date=February 11, 1967 |page=6}} and Hornung did not see action in Super Bowl I, when the Packers defeated the Kansas City Chiefs, 35–10. Hornung was selected in the expansion draft by the New Orleans Saints, who later traded for Hornung's backfield mate at Green Bay, Jim Taylor. Hornung never suited up for the Saints, as the neck injury forced him to retire during training camp. Taylor & Hornung were affectionately known as "Thunder & Lightning" by Packer fans of the early 1960s.

Hornung holds the record for most games with 30+ points (2), the most games with 25+ points (3), and the most games with 13 points in a season (8 games in 1960). He also holds the dubious distinction of having missed an NFL record 26 field goals in a season, doing so in 1964.[http://bleacherreport.com/articles/520258-nfl-placekickers-ten-record-setters-that-might-surprise-you/page/10 Who Holds the Record for Most Missed Field Goals in a Season?]

Hornung was elected to the Green Bay Packers Hall of Fame in 1975,{{Cite web | url = https://www.packers.com/history/hof/paul-hornung | title = Paul Hornung | last = Christl | first = Cliff | author-link = Cliff Christl | website = Packers.com | access-date = September 20, 2023 | archive-date = June 7, 2023 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20230607090227/https://www.packers.com/history/hof/paul-hornung | url-status = live }} the College Football Hall of Fame in 1985,{{cite news |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=5mYaAAAAIBAJ&sjid=IyoEAAAAIBAJ&pg=7080%2C298703 |newspaper=Milwaukee Journal |agency=AP and UPI |title=Hornung, Miller make hall of fame |date=February 11, 1985 |page=2, part 3 |access-date=February 29, 2016 |archive-date=March 12, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160312092106/https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=5mYaAAAAIBAJ&sjid=IyoEAAAAIBAJ&pg=7080%2C298703 |url-status=dead }}{{cite news |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=ZkBWAAAAIBAJ&sjid=C-oDAAAAIBAJ&pg=4461%2C4395124 |newspaper=Gainesville Sun |location=Florida |agency=Associated Press |title=Hornung finally enshrined into College Hall of Fame |date=October 30, 1987 |page=5D}} the Pro Football Hall of Fame in 1986,{{cite news |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=iQ4wAAAAIBAJ&sjid=OgMEAAAAIBAJ&pg=3912%2C2945406 |newspaper=Toledo Blade |location=Ohio |agency=Associated Press |title=Hornung celebrates long-sought honor |date=August 3, 1986 |page=D3}} and the Wisconsin Athletic Hall of Fame in 1990. Also, the "Paul Hornung Award" is given out annually to the state of Kentucky's top high school player. Starting in 2010, an award named in Hornung's honor is given out to the most versatile college football player in the nation.{{cite web|url=http://www.paulhornungaward.com/ |title=Home |publisher=The Paul Hornung Award |date=September 17, 2012 |access-date=October 11, 2012}} Hornung's number 5 was also unofficially retired by Lombardi on July 10, 1967,{{cite news |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=QYZRAAAAIBAJ&sjid=thAEAAAAIBAJ&pg=7172%2C2005380 |newspaper=Milwaukee Sentinel |agency=Associated Press |title=Vince: Got what we wanted|date=July 11, 1967 |page=1, part 2}}{{cite news |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=s1A0AAAAIBAJ&sjid=dH4EAAAAIBAJ&pg=7017%2C158692 |newspaper=Milwaukee Journal |last=Johnson |first=Chuck |title=Milwaukee will get play-off game if the Packers win division crown |date=July 11, 1967 |page=9, part 2}} as there has not been a ceremony to have his number on the wall of retired numbers at Lambeau Field.{{cite web |author=Christl, Cliff | title=No. 5 should hang on Lambeau wall | publisher=jsonline.com | url = http://www.jsonline.com/packerinsider/99326524.html | access-date=July 28, 2010}} A large number of his awards and honors, including his Notre Dame diploma, can be found in the basement of a close friend and old Army buddy (Wallace Peters) living in Indiana.

File:Paulhornung2004.jpg

Hornung was obliged to serve in the U.S. Army and he was called to active duty during the 1961 season,{{cite news |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=XRlWAAAAIBAJ&sjid=9OIDAAAAIBAJ&pg=6674%2C5212620 |work=Eugene Register-Guard |location=(Oregon) |agency=Associated Press |title=Crick in the neck may save Hornung |date=October 28, 1961 |page=9}} but he was able to get weekend passes to play on Sundays. Head coach Vince Lombardi was a friend of President John F. Kennedy, and a pass was arranged so Hornung could play in the NFL championship game against the New York Giants.{{cite web |last1=Fox |first1=Bob |title=JFK's Friendship with Lombardi Helped the Packers Win the 1961 NFL Title Game |url=https://bleacherreport.com/articles/951669-jfks-friendship-with-lombardi-helped-the-packers-win-the-1961-nfl-title-game |website=bleacherreport.com |access-date=18 February 2020}}

Sport magazine named Hornung the most outstanding player in the 1961 championship game, which led to a tax dispute between Hornung and the Internal Revenue Service that cemented the tax status of awards to athletes. Hornung was awarded a 1962 Chevrolet Corvette, but the car's fair market value was not included on his tax returns for either 1961 or 1962. The dispute went to the United States Tax Court in the case of Hornung v. Commissioner. The court determined that because it would have been impossible for Hornung to take possession of the Corvette in 1961 – the game was played on December 31 in Green Bay and the car was in a closed dealership in New York – the car should have been included in income in 1962. More importantly for the athletic community, the court also determined that awards for achievement in the field of athletics do not fall under the exceptions provided under section 74(b) of the Internal Revenue Code. From this point on, it became impossible for athletes to exclude any awards they are given for athletics from their gross incomes.Samuel A. Donaldson, "Federal Income Taxation Of Individuals: Cases, Problems and Materials", 2d. edition (St. Paul: Thompson-West 2007, 2d edition), 353–359

Hornung's penchant for high-living proved disastrous when, in 1963, a major scandal erupted and Hornung and another of the league's top stars, defensive tackle Alex Karras of the Detroit Lions, were suspended from football indefinitely in April 1963 by commissioner Pete Rozelle for betting on NFL games and associating with undesirable persons.{{cite news |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=SnRQAAAAIBAJ&sjid=ahEEAAAAIBAJ&pg=5474%2C520872 |newspaper=Milwaukee Sentinel |title=Hornung suspended |date=April 18, 1963 |page=1, part 1}}{{cite news |url=http://archives.chicagotribune.com/1963/04/18/page/1/article/suspend-2-football-stars |newspaper=Chicago Tribune |agency=Associated Press |title=Suspend 2 football stars |date=April 18, 1963 |page=1, section 1 }}{{cite news |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=ddAvAAAAIBAJ&sjid=WvoDAAAAIBAJ&pg=7210%2C2311658 |newspaper=Lakeland Ledger |location=Florida |agency=Associated Press |last=Grimsley |first=Will |title=All pro leagues honor suspension of Paul Hornung, Detroit's Karras |date=April 18, 1963 |page=28}} Forthright in admitting to his mistake, Hornung's image went relatively untarnished, and in 1964 his suspension, and Karras's, were re-evaluated by the league and both were reinstated in March.{{cite news |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=wwIqAAAAIBAJ&sjid=ZicEAAAAIBAJ&pg=5156%2C4630068 |newspaper=Milwaukee Journal |title=Hornung's exile is ended; Karras reinstated as well |date=March 16, 1964 |page=12, part 2 |archive-date=March 12, 2016 |access-date=February 29, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160312091952/https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=wwIqAAAAIBAJ&sjid=ZicEAAAAIBAJ&pg=5156,4630068 |url-status=dead }}{{cite news |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=mcIVAAAAIBAJ&sjid=nxAEAAAAIBAJ&pg=7156%2C207640 |newspaper=Milwaukee Sentinel |last=Lea |first=Bud |author-link=Bud Lea |title=Can Paul overcome year's lay-off |date=March 17, 1964 |page=2, part 2 |archive-date=March 12, 2016 |access-date=February 29, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160312092123/https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=mcIVAAAAIBAJ&sjid=nxAEAAAAIBAJ&pg=7156,207640 |url-status=dead }}{{cite news |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=Tq4RAAAAIBAJ&sjid=FekDAAAAIBAJ&pg=6974%2C468378 |newspaper=Spokesman-Review |location=Spokane, Washington |agency=Associated Press |title=N.F.L. lifts suspensions |date=March 17, 1964 |page=12}}

In a September 2006 interview with Bob Costas, Hornung stated that it was his belief that it was Lombardi's constant lobbying of Rozelle that got him reinstated for the 1964 NFL season. In exchange for Lombardi's efforts, Hornung agreed not to have anything to do with gambling, to stay out of Las Vegas and to even forgo attending the Kentucky Derby which he had done annually.{{cite episode |title=Reggie Bush |series=Costas Now |series-link=Costas Now |network=HBO |airdate=2006-09-06 |number=202 }}

File:Paul Hornung - Marlboro, the filter cigarette with the unfiltered taste, 1962.jpg cigarettes]]

Hornung was employed as a color analyst on Minnesota Vikings radio broadcasts from 1970 to 1974, as well as TVS WFL telecasts in 1974, CBS NFL telecasts from 1975 to 1979, and ABC Radio USFL broadcasts from 1983 to 1985. He also worked as a sideline reporter for CBS' coverage of Super Bowl XII. Hornung did college play-by-play for TigerVision, LSU's pay-per-view broadcasts in 1982 with ex-Green Bay Packers teammate Jim Taylor.{{cite web|url=https://www.theadvocate.com/baton_rouge/sports/lsu/article_ae5e63e2-1440-11e8-a4a1-3ffd450ab9d8.html|title=Rabalais: When it comes to LSU, Paul Mainieri has and does set his love of Notre Dame aside|date=February 17, 2018 |publisher=theadvocate.com|access-date=July 15, 2018}}{{cite web|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/216133499/|title=LSU's Brodhead has Eye of Tiger(Vison)|publisher=newspapers.com|date=September 9, 1982|access-date=July 15, 2018}} Hornung also performed color commentary for games on College Football on TBS in the early 1980s.

Upon Rozelle's retirement in 1989, Hornung wrote him a letter crediting him with promoting the NFL's rise and for having been "the best commissioner of any [sports league]".

During a radio interview on March 30, 2004, Hornung, speaking about the recent lack of football success at Notre Dame, said, "We can't stay as strict as we are as far as the academic structure is concerned because we've got to get the black athletes. We must get the black athletes if we're going to compete."{{cite news|title=Sports of The Times; Hornung Has Failed to Meet Standard of Common Sense|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2004/04/01/sports/sports-of-the-times-hornung-has-failed-to-meet-standard-of-common-sense.html|work=The New York Times|date=April 1, 2004|access-date=December 18, 2011}} The response was immediate. The University replied, "We strongly disagree with the thesis of his remarks. They are generally insensitive and specifically insulting to our past and current African-American student-athletes." Famed former Notre Dame head coach Ara Parseghian also disagreed with Hornung, saying that Notre Dame did not lower admission standards for him. Hornung said that he was not differentiating between races. "We need better ball players, black and white, at Notre Dame."

Hornung's lifetime dream was to have a horse compete in the Kentucky Derby. He had a horse on the 2013 Road to the Kentucky Derby by the name of Titletown Five, trained by friend and hall of fame trainer D. Wayne Lukas. Although the horse did not earn enough points to gain entry to the race, the horse was entered in the 2013 Preakness Stakes, finishing last.[https://edge.twinspires.com/racing/remembering-paul-hornungs-kentucky-derby-hope-titletown-five/ Remembering Paul Hornung’s Kentucky Derby hope: Titletown Five][https://www.latimes.com/sports/newsletter/2020-11-22/paul-hornung-titletown-five-horse-racing Horse racing newsletter: Remembering the real Titletown Five]

Hornung died on November 13, 2020, at the age of 84, in Louisville, Kentucky{{Cite web|title=Paul Hornung, Packers great and Hall of Famer, passes away at 84|url=https://www.nfl.com/news/paul-hornung-packers-great-and-hall-of-famer-passes-away-at-84|access-date=2020-11-13|website=NFL.com|language=en-US}} from dementia, which he felt was caused by multiple concussions.{{Cite news |last=Goldstein |first=Richard |date=2020-11-13 |title=Paul Hornung, Midcentury Football's 'Golden Boy,' Is Dead at 84 |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/11/13/sports/football/paul-hornung-dead.html |access-date=2023-02-10 |issn=0362-4331}} He was survived by his wife of 41 years, Angela (Cervilli) Hornung.{{Cite web |last=Goldberg 11.21.20 |first=Paul |title=College and Pro Football Hall of Famer Paul Vernon Hornung Passes Away at Age 84 |url=https://www.heisman.com/articles/college-and-pro-football-hall-of-famer-paul-vernon-hornung-passes-away-at-age-84/ |access-date=2023-02-10 |website=Heisman |language=en-US}}

Hornung is one of at least 345 NFL players to be diagnosed after death with chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE),{{cite news|author=Kent Babb|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/sports/2023/12/08/heisman-winners-cte/ |title=They watched their husbands win the Heisman – then lost them to CTE. For years, Heisman weekend was a chance to remember their husband's glory. Now it's a reminder of a sport's violent toll. |newspaper=Washington Post |date= Dec 8, 2023 |access-date=Dec 9, 2023}} which is caused by repeated hits to the head.{{cite news |title=The driving force behind Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy (CTE) |website=Concussion Legacy Foundation |url=https://concussionfoundation.org/cte-resources/subconcussive-impacts |access-date=July 2, 2023 |archive-date=July 2, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230702123543/https://concussionfoundation.org/cte-resources/subconcussive-impacts |url-status=dead }}{{cite news |author=Ken Belson and Benjamin Mueller |url= https://www.nytimes.com/2023/06/20/sports/football/cte-study-concussions-brain-tackle.html |title=Collective Force of Head Hits, Not Just the Number of Them, Increases Odds of C.T.E. The largest study of chronic traumatic encephalopathy to date found that the cumulative force of head hits absorbed by players in their careers is the best predictor of future brain disease. |work= The New York Times |date=June 20, 2023 |access-date=July 2, 2023 }}

• Paul Hornung Award
• List of NCAA major college yearly punt and kickoff return leaders
• List of NFL players with chronic traumatic encephalopathy

{{Reflist|2}}

• {{cite book |title=Encyclopedia of Kentucky |publisher=Somerset Publishers |location=New York City |year=1987 |isbn=0-403-09981-1 |pages=149–150}}

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