Paul Oliver

Oliver was born in Nottingham in 1927, the son of architect W. Norman Oliver.{{Cite web|url=https://www.architectsjournal.co.uk/home/vernacular-man-with-the-publication-of-paul-olivers-encyclopedia-of-vernacular-architecture-of-the-world-banister-fletcher-has-a-new-rival/776308.article |first=Charles |last=Knevitt |title=Vernacular man: With the publication of Paul Oliver's Encyclopedia of Vernacular Architecture of the World, Banister Fletcher has a new rival |website=Architects' Journal |date=22 January 1998 |access-date=15 August 2017}}{{cite ODNB|title = Oliver, Paul Hereford (1927–2017), musicologist and historian of vernacular architecture|last = Harwood|first = Elain|date = 2021|doi = 10.1093/odnb/9780198614128.013.90000380323}} In the late 1930s, his family lived in Pinner, Middlesex, where he attended Longfield Primary School in Rayners Lane and then went to Harrow County School for Boys between 1938 and 1942.{{Cite web|url=http://www.jeffreymaynard.com/Harrow_County/POliver.htm |first=Bob |last=Garratt |title=A Conversation with Paul Oliver |publisher=Harrow County Staff |website=jeffreymaynard.com |date=2 June 2004 |access-date=16 August 2017}}

He attended Harrow Art School, where he met his wife, Valerie. He initially trained as a painter and sculptor, but because of allergies to some art materials concentrated on graphic design.{{Cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/08/17/arts/music/paul-oliver-authority-on-the-blues-dies-at-90.html |first=William |last=Grimes |title=Paul Oliver, Pre-eminent Authority on the Blues, Dies at 90 |website=The New York Times |date=17 August 2017 |access-date=18 August 2017}} After a period in the War Office, Oliver gained his Art Teacher's Diploma at Goldsmiths College at the University of London. He then taught art in two secondary schools, and was Head of Art at Harrow County School for Boys from 1949 to 1960. When there he formed a jazz club in which he played his blues records, and also played mandolin in a skiffle group.

In the early 1950s, Oliver wrote to Decca Records to complain about the design of their record sleeves, and was hired as an illustrator, his first work being seen on the 1954 album Backwoods Blues. He designed many blues album sleeves in the 1950s, but was usually uncredited. After taking up the post of drawing master at London's Architectural Association School, he left in 1973 to lead the Art and Design department at Dartington College of Arts. In 1978, he joined the architecture department at Oxford Polytechnic, which was renamed Oxford Brookes in 1992.{{cite web |last=Rust |first=Stuart |title=Obituary: Leading blues expert Paul Oliver |url=https://www.oxfordmail.co.uk/news/15503950.obituary-leading-blues-expert-paul-oliver/ |website=Oxford Mail |date=31 August 2017 |access-date=18 May 2022 |language=en}}

Oliver started work as an artist at the Architectural Association in 1960, and after a few years began teaching the history of architecture. From the early 1960s, he studied vernacular architecture traditions around the world,{{Cite web|url=https://www.brookes.ac.uk/library/collections/special-collections/art-and-architecture/the-paul-oliver-vernacular-architecture-library |title=The Paul Oliver Vernacular Architecture Library |work=Oxford Brookes University |access-date=14 October 2021}} particularly stimulated by a trip to Ghana in 1964 to research appropriate housing for people displaced after the building of the Akosombo Dam. He argued that vernacular architecture will be necessary in the future to "ensure sustainability in both cultural and economic terms beyond the short term." He wrote many books on vernacular architecture, and was well known for his 1997 work Encyclopedia of Vernacular Architecture of the World. Spanning three volumes and 2500 pages, it includes contributions from researchers from 80 countries. In 2003, he was awarded the MBE for services to architectural education.{{cite web |url= https://radar.brookes.ac.uk/radar/items/06371152-09b0-4067-bb91-367646c3bb11/1/ |title= Oxford Brookes Pays Tribute to Paul Oliver MBE |website=radar.brookes.ac.uk |date=21 August 2017 |access-date=14 October 2021 }}

He became a researcher at the Oxford Institute for Sustainable Development (Department of Architecture, Oxford Brookes University), and from 1978 to 1988 was Associate Head of the School of Architecture. He was an Honorary Fellow of the Royal Institute of British Architects (1999){{Cite web|url=https://www.architecture.com/-/media/files/Awards/Past-winners/Honorary-Fellows-recipients-from-beginning-to-present.pdf?la=en |title=RIBA Honorary Fellows |quote=Oliver, Dr Paul Hereford - Architecture 1999 |page=6 |format=downloadable pdf |publisher=RIBA |website=architecture.com |access-date=15 June 2022 |archive-date=13 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210113104258/https://www.architecture.com/-/media/files/Awards/Past-winners/Honorary-Fellows-recipients-from-beginning-to-present.pdf?la=en |url-status=live}} and was awarded an honorary doctorate by the University of Gloucestershire (2007).{{Cite web|url=https://www.glos.ac.uk/honorary-awards-recipients/ |title=Honorary Awards - University of Gloucestershire |website=glos.ac.uk |date=25 October 2021 |access-date=15 June 2022}}

Oliver was a leading authority on the blues and gospel music, described in the New York Times as "a scrupulous researcher with a fluent writing style, [who] opened the eyes of readers in Britain and the United States to a musical form that had been overlooked and often belittled." He published his first article in Jazz Journal in 1952. His first book on the blues, a biography of Bessie Smith, was published in 1959,{{Cite web|url=http://www.earlyblues.com/Interview%20-%20Paul%20Oliver.htm |first=Alan |last=White |title=Early Blues Interview: Paul Oliver, world authority on the Blues |website=earlyblues.com |date=2009 |access-date=15 August 2017}} followed by Blues Fell this Morning: The Meaning of the Blues in 1960. The latter book was "one of the first efforts to examine closely the music's language and subject matter."

His studies of American traditional music did much to spread interest in the blues,{{cite book|first=Tony|last=Russell|year=1997|title=The Blues: From Robert Johnson to Robert Cray|publisher=Carlton Books Limited|location=Dubai|page=7|isbn=1-85868-255-X}} and included early research into the influence of Islamic music from North Africa on its origins. His work, which began in the 1950s, included interviews, field work and research in recording and printed sources tracing the origin and development of African-American music and culture from the time of slavery and before. Paul Oliver's Archive of African American Music is held at Oxford Brookes University Special Collections and Archive.{{cite web |url= https://www.brookes.ac.uk/library/collections/special-collections/art-and-architecture/paul-oliver-archive-of-african-american-music |title= Paul Oliver Archive of African American Music |website=Oxford Brookes University |access-date=14 October 2021 }}

He made several trips to the US in the 1960s to interview and record blues musicians, financed by the State Department and the BBC. Many of his interviews were transcribed in Conversation with the Blues (1965). In 1969 he published The Story of the Blues, "the first comprehensive history of the genre", followed by several other books covering all aspects of blues music. His unfinished research with Mack McCormick on Texas blues was published in 2019 by Texas A&M University Press as The Blues Come to Texas.{{cite web |url=https://www.tamupress.com/book/9781623496388/the-blues-come-to-texas/ |title=The Blues Come to Texas |author= |date=2019 |website=tamupress.com |publisher=Texas A&M University Press |access-date=9 May 2021 |quote=}}

He married Valerie Coxon in 1950; she died in 2002. They had no children. Oliver died from complications of dementia at a care home in Shipton-under-Wychwood, Oxfordshire, on 15 August 2017.

• {{Cite book|title=Shelter and Society|publisher=Barrie & Jenkins|location=London|year=1969|isbn=0-21466796-0}}
• {{Cite book|title=Dunroamin: The Suburban Semi and its Enemies|date=9 November 1981|publisher=Barrie & Jenkins|location=London|isbn=978-0-09145930-7|page=31}} (with Ian Davis and Ian Bentley)
• {{Cite book|title=Dwellings: The House Across the World|publisher=Phaidon|location=Oxford|year=1987|isbn=0-7148-2443-7}}
• {{Cite book|title=Encyclopedia of Vernacular Architecture of the World|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=1997|isbn=0-521-56422-0}}
• {{Cite book|title=Built to Meet Needs: Cultural Issues in Vernacular Architecture|publisher=Elsevier|year=2006|isbn=0-7506-6657-9}}
• {{Cite book|title=Atlas of Vernacular Architecture of the World|year=2008|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-0-415-41151-6}} (with Marcel Vellinga and Alexander Bridge)

• {{Cite book|title=Bessie Smith|publisher=Cassell|location=London|year=1959}}
• {{Cite book|title=Blues Fell This Morning: The Meaning Of The Blues|publisher=Cassell|location=London|year=1960|isbn=3-85445-065-6}}
  Revised edition: {{Cite book|title=Blues Fell this Morning: Meaning In The Blues|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=1990|isbn=0-521-37793-5}}
• {{Cite book|title=Conversation with the Blues|publisher=Cassell|location=London|year=1965|isbn=3-85445-065-6}}
• {{Cite book|title=Screening the Blues: Aspects of the Blues Tradition|url=https://archive.org/details/aspectsofbluestr0000unse|url-access=registration|publisher=Cassell|location=London|year=1968|isbn=0-304-93137-3}}
• {{Cite book|title=The Story of the Blues|publisher=Barrie & Jenkins|location=London|year=1969|isbn=3-85445-092-3}} Selected tracks discussed in the book were issued on a CBS album of the same title.
• {{Cite book|title=Savannah Syncopators: African Retentions in the Blues|publisher=Studio Vista|location=London|year=1970|isbn=0-289-79828-0}}
• {{Cite book|title=Songsters and Saints: Vocal Traditions on Race Records|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=1984|isbn=0-521-24827-2}}
• {{Cite book|title=Blues Off the Record: Thirty Years of Blues Commentary|publisher=Baton Press|location=Tunbridge Wells|year=1984|isbn=0-306-80321-6|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/bluesoffrecordth00oliv}}
• {{Cite book|title=Broadcasting the Blues: Black Blues in the Segregation Era|publisher=Routledge|location=New York and Abingdon-on-Thames|year=2006|isbn=0-415-97177-2|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/broadcastingblue00oliv}}
• {{Cite book|title = Barrelhouse Blues: Location Recordings and the Early Traditions of the Blues|publisher=Basic Civitas|location=London|year=2009|isbn=978-0-465-00881-0}}
• {{Cite book|title = The Blues Come to Texas: Paul Oliver and Mack McCormick's Unfinished Book|editor-last=Govenar|editor-first=Alan|publisher=Texas A&M University Press |location=College Station|year=2019|isbn=978-1-62349-638-8}} (with Mack McCormick)

{{Reflist}}

• [https://www.brookes.ac.uk/library/collections/special-collections/art-and-architecture/paul-oliver-archive-of-african-american-music Paul Oliver Archive of African American Music at Oxford Brookes University]
• [https://web.archive.org/web/20160303172123/http://www.brookes.ac.uk/library/speccoll/poval.html Paul Oliver Vernacular Architecture Library (POVAL) at Oxford Brookes University] (2016 archive)
• [https://web.archive.org/web/19970606223741/http://www.bluesworld.com/PAULOLIVER.HTML The Paul Oliver 70th Birthday Tribute] (Blues World website, 1997 archive)
• [http://isbn.nu/authorx/oliver_paul List of works by Paul Oliver]

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{{DEFAULTSORT:Oliver, Paul}}

Category:1927 births

Category:2017 deaths

Category:20th-century English historians

Category:21st-century English historians

Category:Academics of Oxford Brookes University

Category:Alumni of Goldsmiths, University of London

Category:Blues historians

Category:British music historians

Category:Deaths from dementia in England

Category:Discographers

Category:English architectural historians

Category:English male non-fiction writers

Category:English writers about music

Category:People educated at Harrow High School

Category:People from Nottingham