Pbow

{{Infobox religious building

| name=Basilica of Saint Pachomius

| location= Faw al-Qibli, Egypt

| geo = {{Coord|26.112500|32.403056|display=inline,title}}

| architecture_type= Monastery

| founded_by = Pachomius the Great

| date_demolished = c. 1000 AD

| groundbreaking= 336

| year_completed= 337

}}

Pbow was a cenobitic monastery established by St. Pachomius in 336-337 AD. Pbow is about {{cvt|100|km|mile}} north of Luxor in modern Upper Egypt.{{cite book|title=Christianity and Monasticism in Upper Egypt: Volume 2: Nag Hammadi–Esna|editor-first1=Gawdat|editor-last1=Gabra|editor-first2=Hany|editor-last2=Takla|author-first=Stephen|author-last=Emmel|chapter=The 'Coptic Gnostic Library of Nag Hammadi' and the Faw Qibli Excavations|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ErT95wD9SZYC&pg=PA33|year=2010|publisher=American University in Cairo Press|isbn=978-977-416-311-1}} It was one of the nine Pachomian monasteries.{{cite book |last=Brooks Hedstrom |first=Darlene L. |title=The Monastic Landscape of Late Antique Egypt: An Archaeological Reconstruction |publisher=Cambridge University Press |date=2017-11-23 |isbn=978-1-316-67665-3 |doi=10.1017/9781316676653.007}}

Name

Pbow is a Coptic name. The Arabic "Faw" in "Faw al-Qibli" ("South Faw") derives from the Coptic Pbow. Other spellings include "Bau", "Pboou", and "Phbow".{{cite web |url=https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/756540 |title=Places: 756540 (Bau/Pboou) |author=Drew Bear, M. |date=16 December 2017 |access-date=August 15, 2020|publisher=Pleiades}}{{cite book|author=Marilyn Dunn|title=The Emergence of Monasticism: From the Desert Fathers to the Early Middle Ages|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_s9baahat7sC&pg=PA26|date=15 April 2008|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|isbn=978-0-470-75454-2|pages=26–}}

History

Pbow was founded as an administrative center for Pachomius's monastery in 336–337. Although not much is known about the traditions of these monks, we do know that they would annually meet two times a year at Pbow. Catechumens would often be baptized at this monastery on Easter. Pbow would also go on to become the residence of Pachomius prior to his death.{{Cite book |last=Harmless |first=William |url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/318458883 |title=Desert Christians : an introduction to the literature of early monasticism |date=2004 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-803674-6 |location=Oxford |oclc=318458883}} The center included the Basilica of St. Pachomius. Pachomius died in Pbow in 347.

Very little is known about the history of Pbow after the 6th century AD. Around the time of the reign of al-Hakim, Pbow was either destroyed by al-Hakim, or it was already ruined.

Archaeology

The first descriptions of Pbow by Western archaeologists were from B.T.A. Evetts, Alfred J. Butler, Michel Jullien, and Louis Massignon, around the late 19th century and early 20th century. Louis-Théophile Lefort described Pbow in Les premiers monastères Pachômiens, published 1939.

Pbow was somewhat recently discovered buried underneath two newer churches in 1989. According to William Harmless, it was about twenty-four meters wide and forty-one meters long. This church included a section known as an apse, presumably meant for meetings of monks from affiliated monasteries. Outside communal buildings for monks were further discovered on the grounds of the once standing monastery.

Peter Grossmann has been a primary investigator of the archaeology of Pbow, starting in the 1970s. According to Grossmann, three different primary churches were built at Pbow over time, superimposed one over the other.

References

External links

[https://ccdl.libraries.claremont.edu/digital/collection/nha/id/630/rec/2924 Images of Pbow remains at modern Fāw Qiblī]

Category:Christian monasteries established in the 4th century

Category:Archaeological sites in Egypt

Category:Coptic Orthodox monasteries in Egypt

Category:Pachomian monasteries

Category:Buildings and structures in Sohag Governorate